EN 12312-1:2024
(Main)Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 1: Passenger stairs
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 1: Passenger stairs
This document specifies the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can arise during the commissioning, the operation and the maintenance of passenger stairs when used as intended, including misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also takes into account some requirements recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and ground handling agencies.
This document applies to:
a) self-propelled passenger stairs with seated or standing driver with top speed above 6 km/h (Category A);
b) towable passenger stairs, with self-propelled function at docking with top speed up to 6 km/h with drive controls from ground, remote control or standing driver position (Category B);
c) towable stairs, with manual positioning, equipped with powered means, e.g. for height adjustment, stabilizers (Category C);
d) automatic levelling systems of stairs for embarking/disembarking of passengers.
This document does not apply to stairs to be moved on public roadways.
"Powered" is also understood as manual effort stored in springs or hydraulic accumulators, etc., the dangerous action of which can be produced or can continue after the manual effort has ceased or directly applied manual effort for lifting or lowering loads.
Those clauses of this document that can apply can also be used as a guideline for the design of towable stairs without powered means.
This document does not establish additional requirements for the following:
e) persons falling out of an aircraft with the passenger stairs not in position;
f) hazards resulting from a moving stairway (escalator);
g) aircraft upper deck door access.
No extra requirements on noise and vibration are provided other than those in EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.
NOTE EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 provide the general GSE vibration and noise requirements.
This document is not applicable to passenger stairs which are manufactured before the date of its publication.
This part of EN 12312, when used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2023, EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, provides the requirements for passenger stairs.
Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen - Teil 1: Fluggasttreppen
Dieses Dokument legt die technischen Anforderungen an Fluggasttreppen zur Verminderung der in Abschnitt 4 aufgelisteten Gefährdungen fest, die bei bestimmungsgemäßem Gebrauch während Inbetriebnahme, Betrieb und Wartung auftreten können, wenn diese in Übereinstimmung mit den Anweisungen des Herstellers oder dessen Beauftragten, ausgeführt werden, einschließlich vom Hersteller vernünftigerweise vorhersehbarer Fehlanwendung. Es berücksichtigt auch einige Anforderungen, die von offiziellen Stellen, den Herstellern von Luftfahrzeugen und Bodengeräten (GSE, en: ground support equipment) sowie Luftverkehrs- und Abfertigungsgesellschaften als wesentlich erachtet wurden.
Dieses Dokument ist anzuwenden für:
a) selbstfahrende Fluggasttreppen mit Fahrersitz oder stehender Fahrerposition mit einer Höchstgeschwindigkeit über 6 km/h (Kategorie A);
b) schleppbare Fluggasttreppen mit selbstfahrender Funktion beim Andocken mit Höchstgeschwindigkeit von bis zu 6 km/h mit Fahrsteuerung am Boden, Fernsteuerung oder stehender Fahrerposition (Kategorie B);
c) schleppbare Treppen, mit manueller Positionierung, mit kraftbetriebenen Einrichtungen, z. B. zur Höhenanpassung, Abstützungen (Kategorie C);
d) automatische Nachführeinrichtungen für Treppen, die für das Ein- und Aussteigen von Fluggästen bestimmt sind.
Dieses Dokument ist nicht anzuwenden für Treppen, die für das Befahren des öffentlichen Verkehrsraums beabsichtigt sind.
Unter „kraftbetrieben“ ist auch die in Federn oder hydraulischen Akkumulatoren o. ä. gespeicherte menschliche Arbeitskraft zu verstehen, deren gefährliche Wirkung nach Beendigung der menschlichen Tätigkeit, oder als unmittelbar angewandte menschliche Arbeitskraft zum Heben oder Senken von Lasten erzeugt werden oder weiter bestehen kann.
Zutreffende Abschnitte dieses Dokuments können auch als Grundlage für die Gestaltung von schleppbaren Treppen ohne kraftbetätigte Einrichtungen dienen.
Dieses Dokument legt keine zusätzlichen Anforderungen an Folgendes fest:
e) Personen, die aus dem Luftfahrzeug fallen, wenn sich die Fluggasttreppe nicht an ihrem Platz befindet;
f) Gefahren, die durch eine sich bewegende Treppe (Rolltreppe) entstehen;
g) Zugang zu Oberdecktüren des Luftfahrzeugs.
Es werden keine weiteren Anforderungen an Lärm und Schwingungen als die in EN 1915 3:2004+A1:2009 und EN 1915 4:2004+A1:2009 angegeben.
ANMERKUNG EN 1915 3:2004+A1:2009 und EN 1915 4:2004+A1:2009 enthalten die allgemeinen GSE-Schwingungs- und Lärmanforderungen.
Dieses Dokument gilt nicht für Fluggasttreppen, die vor dem Datum der Veröffentlichung hergestellt wurden.
Wenn dieser Teil der EN 12312 in Verbindung mit EN 1915 1:2023, EN 1915 2:2001+A1:2009, EN 1915 3:2004+A1:2009 und EN 1915 4:2004+A1:2009 angewendet wird, legt er die Anforderungen an Fluggasttreppen fest.
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières - Partie 1 : Escaliers passagers
Le présent document spécifie les exigences techniques pour réduire à un minimum les phénomènes dangereux énumérés à l’Article 4 qui peuvent survenir lors de la mise en service, l'exploitation et la maintenance des escaliers passagers lorsqu'ils sont utilisés tel que préconisé, y compris la mauvaise utilisation raisonnablement prévisible par le fabricant, lorsqu'elles sont réalisées selon les spécifications émises par le constructeur ou son représentant autorisé. Il prend également en compte certaines exigences reconnues comme essentielles par les autorités, les constructeurs d’aéronefs et de matériel au sol (GSE, ground support equipment), ainsi que par les compagnies aériennes et les agences de manutention au sol.
Le présent document s’applique aux types de matériels suivants :
a) escaliers passagers autotractés avec opérateur en position assise ou debout dont la vitesse de pointe dépasse 6 km/h (catégorie A) ;
b) escaliers passagers tractés, avec fonction automotrice à l’accostage, une vitesse de pointe jusqu’à 6 km/h, à commandes d’entraînement depuis le sol, à distance ou un poste conducteur debout (catégorie B) ;
c) escaliers tractés, à positionnement manuel, avec équipements motorisés tels que réglage de la hauteur, stabilisateurs (catégorie C) ;
d) systèmes de mise à niveau automatique (isonivelage) des escaliers pour l'embarquement/le débarquement des passagers.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux escaliers destinés à une utilisation sur les voies publiques.
Il convient également d’entendre par « motorisé » un effort manuel emmagasiné dans des ressorts ou des accumulateurs hydrauliques, etc., susceptible de provoquer un risque ou de le faire durer après arrêt de l’effort manuel, ou un effort manuel direct pour le levage ou l’abaissement de charges.
Les articles applicables du présent document peuvent également servir de guide pour la conception d'escaliers tractés sans équipements motorisés.
Le présent document n’établit pas d’exigences supplémentaires pour :
e) les chutes de personnes d'un aéronef dues au fait que les escaliers passagers ne sont pas en position ;
f) les dangers dus aux escaliers roulants (escalators) ;
g) l’accès à la porte du pont supérieur de l’aéronef.
Le présent document ne spécifie pas d'exigences autres que celles de l’EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 et l’EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 pour les dangers causés par le bruit et les vibrations.
NOTE L’EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 et l’EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 fournissent les exigences générales de bruit et de vibrations des GSE.
Le présent document ne s’applique pas aux escaliers passagers fabriqués avant sa date de publication.
Cette partie de l’EN 12312, lorsqu’elle est utilisée conjointement avec l’EN 1915-1:2023, l’EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, l’EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 et l’EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, fournit les exigences pour les escaliers passagers.
Podporna oprema na tleh za letalski promet - Posebne zahteve - 1. del: Stopnice za potnike
Ta evropski standard določa tehnične zahteve za zmanjšanje nevarnosti, navedenih v točki 4, do katerih lahko pride pri začetku uporabe, delovanju in vzdrževanju stopnic za potnike, kadar se uporabljajo, kot je predvideno, vključno s pričakovano nepravilno uporabo, ki jo določi proizvajalec, ko jih v skladu s specifikacijami izvaja proizvajalec ali njegov zakoniti zastopnik. Upošteva tudi nekatere zahteve, ki jih organi, proizvajalci letal in podporne opreme na tleh (GSE) ter letalske družbe in agencije za oskrbo letal obravnavajo kot bistvene.
Ta evropski standard se uporablja za:
a) samohodne stopnice s sedečim voznikom;
b) stopnice, ki jih upravitelj upravlja stoje;
c) vlečene stopnice s pogonsko enoto, na primer za nastavitev višine, stabilizatorje;
d) sisteme za samodejno izravnavanje stopnic
za vkrcavanje/izkrcavanje potnikov.
Izraz »pogonsko« naj se razume tudi kot ročna sila, shranjena v vzmeteh ali hidravličnih akumulatorjih itd., katerih nevarno delovanje ali nadaljevanje delovanja je mogoče še po prenehanju ročnega proizvajanja sile, ali neposredno uporabljena ročna sila za dvigovanje ali spuščanje bremen.
Veljavne točke tega standarda se lahko uporabljajo tudi kot smernice za projektiranje vlečenih stopnic brez pogonske enote.
Ta evropski standard ne določa dodatnih zahtev za naslednje:
1) padec oseb iz letala, ko stopnice za potnike niso nameščene;
2) nevarnosti, ki lahko nastanejo ob premikajočih se stopnicah (tekoče stopnice);
3) dostop do vrat zgornje etaže.
Ta del standarda EN 12312 se ne uporablja za stopnice za potnike, izdelane pred datumom objave tega standarda s strani CEN.
Ta del standarda EN 12312 skupaj z deli EN 1915-1, EN 1915-2, EN 1915-3 in EN 1915-4 določa zahteve za stopnice za potnike.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2024
Podporna oprema na tleh za letalski promet - Posebne zahteve - 1. del: Stopnice za
potnike
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific requirements - Part 1: Passenger stairs
Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen - Teil 1: Fluggasttreppen
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières - Partie 1 : Escaliers passagers
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12312-1:2024
ICS:
49.100 Oprema za servis in Ground service and
vzdrževanje na tleh maintenance equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
EN 12312-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
July 2024
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 49.100 Supersedes EN 12312-1:2013
English Version
Aircraft ground support equipment - Specific
requirements - Part 1: Passenger stairs
Matériel au sol pour aéronefs - Exigences particulières Luftfahrt-Bodengeräte - Besondere Anforderungen -
- Partie 1 : Escaliers passagers Teil 1: Fluggasttreppen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 May 2024.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2024 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12312-1:2024 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 7
3 Terms and definitions . 8
4 List of hazards . 9
5 Safety requirements and/or measures . 9
5.1 General requirements . 9
5.2 Safeguards against falling . 10
5.3 Stair flight . 11
5.4 Platforms . 12
5.5 Guard rails . 13
5.6 Raising devices and stability . 14
5.7 Controls, monitoring devices and displays for Category A and Category B passenger
stairs . 15
5.8 Auxiliary means for powered passenger stairs . 15
5.9 Canopy . 15
5.10 Automatic levelling system . 16
5.11 Optional Aircraft two stages approach system. 16
6 Verification of requirements . 17
6.1 General . 17
6.2 Guard rails . 17
6.3 Barrier . 17
6.4 Platforms and steps . 17
6.5 Manual movement of Category C stairs . 17
7 Information for use . 18
7.1 Marking . 18
7.2 Warnings . 18
7.3 Instructions . 18
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 19
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 22
Bibliography . 28
European foreword
This document (EN 12312-1:2024) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 274 “Aircraft
ground support equipment”, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by January 2025, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by January 2025.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12312-1:2013.
This document has been prepared under a standardization request addressed to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
The main technical changes compared to the previous version of this document are the following:
a) the Scope was updated;
b) Clause 2, Normative references, was updated;
c) Clause 5, Safety requirements and/or measures, has been completely revised including the following:
d) 5.1, General requirements, has been revised with the deletion of the former subclauses 5.1.3, 5.1.12
and 5.1.13 as well as the addition of the new subclauses 5.1.9, 5.1.13, 5.1.14 and 5.1.15 concerning
new requirements for standing drivers positions, the design of towable stairs for the pushing or
pulling effort, the marking and the placement of handles on all other manually moved passenger
stairs, performance levels changed in several places in the document;
e) 5.4, Platforms, has been updated with the addition of subclause 5.4.8 concerning safety clearances
for all doors/aircrafts of GSE;
f) Clause 7, Information for use, was updated with the addition of a new requirement for markings on
passenger stairs;
g) Annex A, List of significant hazards, has been updated;
h) the Bibliography was updated.
EN 12312, Aircraft ground support equipment — Specific requirements, consists of the following parts:
— Part 1: Passenger stairs (the present document);
— Part 2: Catering vehicles;
— Part 3: Conveyor belt vehicles;
— Part 4: Passenger boarding bridges;
— Part 5: Aircraft fuelling equipment;
— Part 6: Deicers and deicing/anti-icing equipment;
— Part 7: Aircraft movement equipment;
— Part 8: Maintenance or service stairs and platforms;
— Part 9: Container/Pallet loaders;
— Part 10: Container/Pallet transfer transporters;
— Part 11: Container/Pallet dollies and loose load trailers;
— Part 12: Potable water service equipment;
— Part 13: Lavatory service equipment;
— Part 14: Disabled/incapacitated passenger boarding vehicles;
— Part 15: Baggage and equipment tractors;
— Part 16: Air start equipment;
— Part 17: Air conditioning equipment;
— Part 18: Nitrogen or Oxygen units;
— Part 19: Aircraft jacks, axle jacks and hydraulic tail stanchions;
— Part 20: Electrical ground power units.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document defines health and safety requirements, for stairs including a built-in source of power (see
Clause 1, Scope) intended for passengers embarking/disembarking aircraft.
The minimum essential criteria are considered to be of primary importance in providing safe, serviceable,
economical, and practical passenger stairs. Deviations should occur only after careful consideration,
extensive testing, risk assessment and service evaluation have shown alternative methods or conditions
to be satisfactory. Such deviations are outside the scope of this document and a manufacturer should be
able to demonstrate an equivalent level of protection.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous
situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the Scope of this document. When
requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
This document specifies the technical requirements to minimize the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can
arise during the commissioning, the operation and the maintenance of passenger stairs when used as
intended, including misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, when carried out in accordance
with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorized representative. It also takes into
account some requirements recognized as essential by authorities, aircraft and ground support
equipment (GSE) manufacturers as well as airlines and ground handling agencies.
This document applies to:
a) self-propelled passenger stairs with seated or standing driver with top speed above 6 km/h
(Category A);
b) towable passenger stairs, with self-propelled function at docking with top speed up to 6 km/h with
drive controls from ground, remote control or standing driver position (Category B);
c) towable stairs, with manual positioning, equipped with powered means, e.g. for height adjustment,
stabilizers (Category C);
d) automatic levelling systems of stairs for embarking/disembarking of passengers.
This document does not apply to stairs to be moved on public roadways.
“Powered” is also understood as manual effort stored in springs or hydraulic accumulators, etc., the
dangerous action of which can be produced or can continue after the manual effort has ceased or directly
applied manual effort for lifting or lowering loads.
Those clauses of this document that can apply can also be used as a guideline for the design of towable
stairs without powered means.
This document does not establish additional requirements for the following:
e) persons falling out of an aircraft with the passenger stairs not in position;
f) hazards resulting from a moving stairway (escalator);
g) aircraft upper deck door access.
No extra requirements on noise and vibration are provided other than those in EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009
and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009.
NOTE EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 provide the general GSE vibration and noise
requirements.
This document is not applicable to passenger stairs which are manufactured before the date of its
publication.
This part of EN 12312, when used in conjunction with EN 1915-1:2023, EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009,
EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, provides the requirements for passenger
stairs.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1175:2020, Safety of industrial trucks — Electrical/electronic requirements
EN 1837:2020, Safety of machinery — Integral lighting of machines
EN 1915-1:2023, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 1: Basic safety
requirements
EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 2: Stability
and strength requirements, calculations and test methods
EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 3:
Vibration measurement methods and reduction
EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009, Aircraft ground support equipment — General requirements — Part 4: Noise
measurement methods and reduction
EN 16165:2021, Determination of slip resistance of pedestrian surfaces — Methods of evaluation
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
(ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 14122-3:2016, Safety of machinery — Permanent means of access to machinery — Part 3: Stairs,
stepladders and guard-rails (ISO 14122-3:2016)
ISO 7718-1:2016, Aircraft — Passenger doors interface requirements for connection of passenger boarding
bridge or passenger transfer vehicle — Part 1: Main deck doors
ISO 7718-2:2016, Aircraft — Passenger doors interface requirements for connection of passenger boarding
bridge or passenger transfer vehicle — Part 2: Upper deck doors
ISO 10254:2016, Air cargo and ground equipment — Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 1915-1:2023,
EN ISO 12100:2010, ISO 10254:2016 and ISO 7718-1:2016 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
3.1
passenger stair
stair designed for the embarking and disembarking of passengers between the aircraft and the ground
3.2
stair flight
series of steps between ground level and platform or between two platforms
3.3
riser height
R
distance between the surface of the tread of one step and the surface of a step above or below when
measured perpendicularly between the tread surfaces
3.4
tread depth
T
distance from one step nosing to the adjacent step nosing when measured parallel to the tread surface
3.5
step width
maximum usable width measured along the nose of the step
3.6
handrail height
distance to the top surface of the handrail as measured at the nose of the step or platform and
perpendicular to the tread surface
3.7
upper (main) platform
platform at the upper end of a stair flight with access to the aircraft
3.8
intermediate platform
platform between two stair flights
3.9
incline
angle of stair flight to a horizontal plane, measured across the noses of the steps
3.10
inclination
angle of the platforms and steps surfaces to a horizontal plane, measured at a right angle to the noses of
the steps
3.11
bottom hinged step
foldable step at the bottom end of the stair to provide sufficient ground clearance during movement
3.12
leading edge
front end of the upper (main) platform at the aircraft door interface
3.13
auxiliary system
independent system for the operation of the passenger stair in case of power loss
3.14
barrier
movable element to prevent access into the area
4 List of hazards
The list of risks and hazards (given in Annex A, Table A.1) is based on EN ISO 12100:2010 and contains
the hazards and hazardous situations, as far as they are dealt with in this document, identified by risk
assessment as significant for passenger stairs and which require action to eliminate or reduce risks. Not
covered are hazards due to a standard automotive chassis, the traffic and repair.
5 Safety requirements and/or measures
5.1 General requirements
5.1.1 Passenger stairs shall conform to the relevant requirements of EN 1915-1:2023,
EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009, EN 1915-3:2004+A1:2009 and EN 1915-4:2004+A1:2009 unless otherwise
specified in this document. The specific requirements of this document take precedence over those of the
EN 1915 series.
5.1.2 Stability and strength calculations shall be carried out in accordance with
EN 1915-2:2001+A1:2009.
5.1.3 Passenger stairs shall have an upper (main) platform and, where the number of risers exceeds
18, an intermediate platform shall be provided at least after every 18 risers. The number of risers should
not exceed 40.
5.1.4 Step and platform inclination in all intended operating positions shall not exceed ± 3° (5 %) when
the passenger stair rests on a horizontal plane.
5.1.5 The step and platform cover material shall provide the possibility of easy elimination of water
and snow, and shall be selected to minimize wear. As a deviation to EN 1915-1:2023, 5.13.1, the flooring
materials shall provide a durable slip-resistant surface with a minimum R11 slip-resistance classification
in the walking direction.
Slip resistance classification shall be measured in accordance with EN 16165:2021, Annex B.
5.1.6 With the passenger stair fully stowed for movement, the lowest point in the front and in the back
of the GSE shall not be less than 150 mm above a horizontal ground surface. In addition, the clearance
shall allow without interference the traversing of two surfaces intersecting at an angle of 3° (5 %) either
in bridging or in cresting.
5.1.7 The passenger stair shall be constructed so that the driver/operator is able to see the leading
edge throughout its operating range.
5.1.8 Where an operator's workplace is provided on the upper (main) platform, for Category A and
Category B passenger stairs, the following requirements shall apply:
a) the workplace shall be entirely protected against the risk of falling in accordance with 5.2;
b) the operator's position shall provide an unobstructed view of the platform's leading edge and the full
flight of stairs.
5.1.9 The following requirements apply for a standing driver position:
a) the passenger stair shall be limited to a travelling speed of 15 km/h;
b) the minimum free space shall be 600 mm wide by 500 mm deep;
c) a rest pad, a handhold and where needed a lateral mechanical restraint means shall be provided for
a standing driver;
d) an activation means shall ensure human control while operating.
5.1.10 Stair flights and platforms shall have illumination of a non-glare quality for floor and step treads.
A minimum illumination of 50 lx shall be provided, as measured at the centre line of the stair flight and
platforms, parallel to and on the tread surface.
5.1.11 The electrical system of battery powered passenger stairs shall conform to EN 1175:2020.
5.1.12 The minimum field of view from the driver's position shall include the ground area immediately
aft of the unit up to the first steps. This can be achieved either by using see-through risers on the stair
flight, or indirect means such as mirrors or closed circuit TV. It is further recommended to consider
providing indirect means for seeing the stairs upper platform from the driver's position.
5.1.13 Category C stairs shall be designed so that the pushing or pulling effort for their movements
requires less than 230 N per operator. See 6.5 for verification for non-self-propelled stairs.
NOTE The 230 N value results from ISO 11228-2:2007 for a male population of operators.
5.1.14 Manufacturer shall define and explicitly mark the minimum number of required operators for
safe movement and the operators’ positions so as to achieve a proper monitoring of the movements of
the stairs, in good ergonomic postures.
5.1.15 Handles shall be placed for each position required to move the stairs manually. Handles shall be
designed to be operable by gloved hands.
5.2 Safeguards against falling
5.2.1 Provisions shall be made for eliminating or reducing the risk of falling of persons from the front
edge of the stairs' upper platform when the stair is not completely connected to the aircraft or is being
removed.
Such provisions shall consist of:
a) for passenger stairs with a maximum height of the upper (main) platform from 1 000 mm up to
2 000 mm: one barrier at the upper (main) platform of the passenger stairs;
b) for passenger stairs with a maximum height of the upper (main) platform in excess of 2 000 mm: two
barriers, one at the bottom end of the passenger stairs, one at the upper (main) platform.
5.2.2 Upper (main) platform barriers shall:
a) consist of an upper element with a height of at least 1 100 mm and at least one intermediate element
500 mm below the upper element;
b) use additional elements as necessary to prevent the free vertical height between adjacent elements
exceeding 500 mm;
c) be designed so that when in the position giving protection they have a maximum deflection not
exceeding at any point 5 % of the unsupported span when subjected to a horizontal load F of 1 000 N
at the most unfavourable location, without causing any permanent deformation. See 6.3 for
verification;
d) be clearly visible from either side, including at night and in fog;
e) be padded to avoid any damage where it may interface with open aircraft doors or doors being
opened;
NOTE Recommended practices for aircraft protective padding are contained in SAE ARP 1558; see
Bibliography.
f) be sufficiently movable for safe person transfer when the platform is in position against the aircraft.
Movable sections shall be easy to handle by one person with a force not exceeding 62 N, and able to
be stowed safely, i.e. retained in the stowed position by a positive fit device requiring intentional
human action for release.
5.2.3 Bottom end barriers shall at least consist of a strap, e.g. a strap with an inertia reel, and a device
for securing the strap in the “stair-closed” position.
5.2.4 On Category A and Category B passenger stairs, stabilizers retraction and movement of the stairs
shall be prevented unless the barriers are in their protective position. The related interlocking systems
shall achieve performance level “c” according to EN ISO 13849-1:2023.
5.2.5 To warn of impending stairs removal, the Category A and Category B passenger stair shall be
equipped with both an audible warning (intermittent single-frequency tone in accordance with
EN 1915-1:2023, 5.12 and a flashing red light highly unmistakable from the aircraft doorway under all
circumstances. These signals shall be activated automatically at least 5 s before the stair can be removed,
or by the start of the stabilizer’s retraction, and shall remain active during the complete undocking.
Where possible, the design of the stair should prevent its removal before the aircraft door is closed.
5.3 Stair flight
5.3.1 All steps of a stair flight shall be designed with the same riser height and the same tread depth.
5.3.2 Riser height and tread depth dimensions shall meet the following geometry criteria:
Riser height (R) + Tread depth (T) = 460 mm ± 10 mm
The riser height (R) shall be between 140 mm and 210 mm, the tread depth (T) shall be between 250 mm
and 320 mm.
5.3.3 The incline for the stair flight when set for embarking/disembarking shall be between 24° and
40°.
NOTE The optimum angle for the stair flight incline is between 30° and 38°.
5.3.4 The minimum usable clear width of a stair flight shall be 1 000 mm; see 5.9.2 for minimum
headroom required where a canopy is installed.
5.3.5 Any hinged step that may be fitted at the bottom of the stair shall meet the criteria in 5.1.6 and
5.3.1. This step shall be easy to handle and be able to be stowed safely.
5.3.6 The distance from the ground to the tread surface of the bottom step shall not exceed 260 mm,
when the stair is positioned on a horizontal supporting surface and set for embarking/disembarking.
5.3.7 Each step shall withstand the following unfactored loads:
a) if the step’s width is less than 1 200 mm, then 1 500 N shall be distributed over a 100 mm × 100 mm
area at the leading edge of the step and in the middle of the stair's width,
b) if the step’s width is equal to or greater than 1 200 mm, then 1 500 N shall be distributed over each
of two 100 mm × 100 mm areas at the leading edge of the step, applied at the most unfavourable
points and spaced 800 mm.
th
In either case, the total measured elastic deflection shall not exceed 1/200 of the step's span. There shall
be no permanent deformation.
5.4 Platforms
5.4.1 The upper (main) platform shall have a minimum usable depth of 1 200 mm. Where allowed by
the local airport regulations regarding vehicles’ overall width (see EN 1915-1:2023, Introduction, f) -
negotiation), the minimum clear width dimension between the inner faces of guard rails/side panels
should be equal to the cumulative widths of the aircraft door in the open and closed positions plus a
200 mm minimum clearance, in order to allow full door opening and closing while remaining within the
boundaries of guard rails/side panels.
NOTE See 7.3, Instructions, for listing by the manufacturer of the aircraft types and doors the stairs are
intended to serve.
5.4.2 The upper (main) platform shall be designed in a way where:
a) the final gap between the upper (main) platform and the aircraft fuselage shall be less than 120 mm;
b) the leading edge of the upper (main) platform shall be entirely covered by a full width bumper
designed to protect the aircraft;
c) maximum bumper pressure exerted to aircraft fuselage shall not exceed 20 kPa (e.g. 1 500 N on a
surface of 3 m x 25 mm);
d) is of a non-marking semi-soft material.
The aircraft interface device may include a contact detection feature able to provide an electr
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