EN 15316-4-1:2017
(Main)Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-1: Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion systems (boilers, biomass), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1
Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-1: Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion systems (boilers, biomass), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1
This European Standard is part of a series of standards on the method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies of space heating systems and domestic hot water systems.
This standard (EN 15316 4 1) specifies:
- required inputs;
- a calculation method;
- resulting outputs;
- a method to take into account the energy performance of heat generation devices based on fuel combustion;
for space heating generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers, biomass), including control.
This standard specifies methods for the calculation of:
- thermal losses from the heating and the domestic hot water generation system;
- recoverable thermal losses for space heating from the heating and the domestic hot water generation system;
- auxiliary energy of the heating and the domestic hot water generation systems.
This standard specifies the energy performance calculation of water based heat generation sub-systems including control based on combustion of fuels ("boilers"), operating with conventional fossil fuels as well as renewable fuels. This standard does not cover sizing or inspection of boilers.
This standard is also applicable to heat generators for heating or for combined service as domestic hot water, ventilation, cooling and heating. Generators for domestic hot water only are taken into account into part M8-8.
This European Standard is the general standard on generation by combustion sub-systems (boilers, biomass) and is also intended for generation for domestic hot water production and/or space heating. These values are input data for calculation of the overall energy use according to EN ISO 52000 1 and EN 15316 1.
Table 1 shows the relative position of this standard within the set of EPB standards in the context of the modular structure as set out in EN ISO 52000 1.
NOTE 1 In CEN ISO/TR 52000 2 the same table can be found, with, for each module, the numbers of the relevant EPB standards and accompanying technical reports that are published or in preparation.
NOTE 2 The modules represent EPB standards, although one EPB standard may cover more than one module and one module may be covered by more than one EPB standard, for instance a simplified and a detailed method respectively. See also Clause 2 and Tables A.1 and B.1.
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-1: Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmung, Verbrennungssysteme (Heizungskessel, Biomasse), Modul M3-8-1, M8-8-1
Diese Europäische Norm ist Teil einer Normenreihe für die Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade von Raumheizungsanlagen und Anlagen zur Trinkwassererwärmung.
Diese Norm (FprEN 15316-4-1) legt Folgendes für die Raumwärmeerzeugung durch Verbrennungsteilsysteme (Kessel, Biomasse), einschließlich Regelung, fest:
- erforderliche Energieaufnahmen;
- ein Berechnungsverfahren;
- sich ergebende Ausgaben;
- ein Verfahren zur Berücksichtigung der Gesamtenergieeffizienz von Wärmeerzeugern, die auf der Verbrennung von Kraftstoffen basieren.
Diese Norm legt Verfahren fest, mit denen Folgendes berechnet wird:
- thermische Verluste der Heizungsanlage und der Anlage zur Trinkwassererwärmung;
- rückgewinnbare thermische Verluste zur Raumheizung durch die Heizungsanlage und die Anlage zur Trinkwassererwärmung;
- Hilfsenergie der Heizungsanlagen und der Anlagen zur Trinkwassererwärmung.
Diese Norm legt die Verfahren zur Berechnung der Gesamtenergieeffizienz von wasserbasierten Teilsystemen zur Wärmeerzeugung fest, einschließlich der Regelung basierend auf der Verbrennung von Kraftstoffen („Kessel“), wie herkömmliche fossile Brennstoffe und erneuerbare Brennstoffe. Diese Norm behandelt nicht die Dimensionierung oder die Inspektion von Kesseln.
Diese Norm gilt auch für Wärmeerzeuger zur Raumheizung oder für kombinierte Versorgungsarten wie erwärmtes Trinkwasser, Lüftung, Kühlung und Raumheizung. Erzeuger, die ausschließlich für die Trinkwassererwärmung zuständig sind, werden im Teil M8-8 berücksichtigt.
Diese Europäische Norm ist die allumfassende Norm zur Wärmeerzeugung durch Verbrennungsteilsysteme (Kessel, Biomasse) und gilt auch für die Wärmeerzeugung zur Trinkwassererwärmung und/oder Raumheizung. Diese Werte sind Eingabedaten für die Berechnung des Gesamtenergieverbrauchs nach prEN ISO 52000 1 und prEN 15316-1.
Tabelle 1 zeigt die relative Position dieser Norm innerhalb des EPBD-Normenpakets im Kontext der modularen Struktur wie in prEN ISO 52000-1 dargelegt.
ANMERKUNG 1 In prCEN ISO/TR 52000-2 findet sich die gleiche Tabelle mit den Nummern (für jedes Modul) der jeweiligen EPB-Normen und den dazugehörigen technischen Berichten, die bereits veröffentlicht wurden oder sich in der Erstellung befinden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Die Module repräsentieren EPB-Normen, auch wenn eine EPB-Norm mehr als ein Modul abdecken kann und ein Modul von mehr als einer EPB-Norm abgedeckt werden kann, zum Beispiel jeweils ein vereinfachtes und ein detailliertes Verfahren. Siehe auch Abschnitt 2 und Tabellen A.1 und B.1.
Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-1 : Systèmes de génération de chauffage des locaux et production d’eau chaude sanitaire, systèmes de combustion (chaudières, biomasse), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1
La présente Norme européenne fait partie d’une série de normes sur la méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes de chauffage des locaux et des systèmes de production d’eau chaude sanitaire.
La présente norme (FprEN 15316 4 1) spécifie :
- les données d’entrée requises ;
- une méthode de calcul ;
- les données de sortie obtenues ;
- une méthode pour la prise en compte de la performance énergétique des équipements de génération de chaleur à combustion de combustibles ;
pour les systèmes de génération pour le chauffage des locaux par des générateurs à combustion (chaudières, biomasse), régulation comprise.
La présente norme spécifie les méthodes de calcul :
- des pertes thermiques du système de chauffage et de production d’eau chaude sanitaire ;
- des pertes thermiques du système de chauffage et de production d’eau chaude sanitaire récupérables pour le chauffage des locaux ;
- de l’énergie des auxiliaires du système de chauffage et de production d’eau chaude sanitaire.
La présente norme spécifie le calcul de la performance énergétique des sous-systèmes de génération de chaleur à eau à combustion (« chaudières »), régulation comprise, fonctionnant aussi bien avec des combustibles fossiles qu’avec des combustibles renouvelables. La présente norme ne traite pas du dimensionnement ni de l’inspection des chaudières.
La présente norme s’applique également aux générateurs de chaleur pour le chauffage ou pour un service combiné de production d’eau chaude sanitaire, de ventilation, de refroidissement et de chauffage. Les générateurs produisant uniquement de l’eau chaude sanitaire ne sont pris en compte que dans la partie M8-8.
La présente Norme européenne est la norme générale sur la génération par des appareils à combustion (chaudières, biomasse) et est également destinée à la génération pour la production d’eau chaude sanitaire et/ou le chauffage des locaux. Ces valeurs sont les données d’entrée pour le calcul de la consommation globale d’énergie conformément au prEN ISO 52000 1 et au prEN 15316 1.
Le Tableau 1 indique la position relative de la présente norme dans l’ensemble des normes PEB dans le cadre de la structure modulaire définie par le prEN ISO 52000 1.
NOTE 1 Le prCEN ISO/TR 52000 2 fournit le même tableau avec, pour chaque module, le numéro des normes PEB pertinentes et les rapports techniques associés qui sont publiés ou en cours d’élaboration.
NOTE 2 Les modules représentent les normes PEB, bien qu’une seule norme PEB puisse couvrir plusieurs modules et qu’un seul module puisse être couvert par plusieurs normes PEB, par exemple une méthode simplifiée et une méthode détaillée respectivement. Voir également l’Article 2 et les Tableaux A.1 et B.1.
Energijske lastnosti stavb - Metoda za izračun energijskih zahtev in učinkovitosti sistema - 4-1. del: Sistemi za pridobivanje toplote za ogrevanje in pripravo tople sanitarne vode, kurilne naprave (kotli, biomasa) - Modula M3-8-1 in M8-8-1
Ta evropski standard je del skupine standardov metode za izračun energijskih zahtev sistema in učinkovitosti sistema v sistemih ogrevanja prostora in sistemih gospodinjske tople vode.
Ta standard (prEN 15316-4-1) določa:
– zahtevane vhode;
– računsko metodo;
– dejanske izhode;
– metodo, ki upošteva energijsko učinkovitost naprav za proizvodnjo toplote, ki temelji na izgorevanju goriva.
za ogrevanje prostora s podsistemi za izgorevanje (kotli, biomasa), vključno z nadzorom.
Ta standard določa tudi metode za izračun:
– termalnih izgub iz sistemov proizvodnje gospodinjske tople vode;
– termalnih izgub za ogrevanje prostora, ki jih je mogoče obnoviti, iz sistemov proizvodnje gospodinjske tople vode;
– pomožne energije sistemov proizvodnje gospodinjske tople vode.
Ta standard določa izračun energijske učinkovitosti podsistemov za proizvodnjo toplote na osnovi vode, vključno z nadzorom, osnovanim na gorivih (»kotli«), ki delujejo na običajnih ter obnovljivih virih goriva. Ta standard ne zajema ugotavljanja velikosti ali nadzora kotlov.
Ta standard se uporablja tudi za generatorje toplote za ogrevanje ali za kombinirano storitev kot gospodinjska topla voda, prezračevanje, hlajenje in ogrevanje. Generatorji za gospodinjsko toplo vodo so upoštevani samo v delu M8-8.
Ta evropski standard je splošni standard za proizvodnjo s podsistemi izgorevanja (kotli, biomasa) in je namenjen tudi proizvodnji gospodinjske tople vode in/ali ogrevanja prostora. Te vrednosti so vhodni podatki za izračun splošne uporabe energije v skladu s standardoma prEN 15603 in prEN 15316-1.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden - Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen - Teil 4-1: Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmung, Verbrennungssysteme (Heizungskessel, Biomasse), Modul M3-8-1, M8-8-1Performance énergétique des bâtiments - Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes - Partie 4-1 : Systèmes de génération de chauffage des locaux et production d’eau chaude sanitaire, systèmes de combustion (chaudières, biomasse), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-1Energy performance of buildings - Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies - Part 4-1: Space heating and DHW generation systems, combustion systems (boilers, biomass), Module M3-8-1, M8-8-191.140.65Oprema za ogrevanje vodeWater heating equipment91.140.10Sistemi centralnega ogrevanjaCentral heating systemsICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15316-4-1:2017SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018en,fr,de01-maj-2018SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 15316-4-7:2009SIST EN 15316-4-1:2008SIST EN 15316-3-3:20071DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15316-4-1
May
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{ sä s v rä x w Supersedes EN
s w u s xæ uæ uã t r r yá EN
s w u s xæ væ sã t r r zá EN
s w u s xæ væ yã t r r zEnglish Version
Energy performance of buildings æ Method for calculation of system energy requirements and system efficiencies æ Part
væ sã Space heating and DHW generation systemsá M zæ zæ s Performance énergétique des bâtiments æ Méthode de calcul des besoins énergétiques et des rendements des systèmes æ Partie
væ s ã Systèmes de génération de chauffage des locaux et production d 5eau chaude
Energetische Bewertung von Gebäuden æ Verfahren zur Berechnung der Energieanforderungen und Nutzungsgrade der Anlagen æ Teil
væ sã Wärmeerzeugung für die Raumheizung und Trinkwassererwärmungá Verbrennungssysteme This European Standard was approved by CEN on
t y February
t r s yä
egulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alterationä Upætoædate lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN memberä
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CENæCENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versionsä
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austriaá Belgiumá Bulgariaá Croatiaá Cyprusá Czech Republicá Denmarká Estoniaá Finlandá Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedoniaá Franceá Germanyá Greeceá Hungaryá Icelandá Irelandá Italyá Latviaá Lithuaniaá Luxembourgá Maltaá Netherlandsá Norwayá Polandá Portugalá Romaniaá Serbiaá Slovakiaá Sloveniaá Spainá Swedená Switzerlandá Turkey and United Kingdomä
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels
t r s y CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Membersä Refä Noä EN
s w u s xæ væ sã t r s y ESIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler efficiency method . 29 A.1 Information on the method . 29 A.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses . 29 A.1.2 Auxiliary energy . 33 A.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location . 34 A.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers . 34 A.3 Deviation from default values . 35 A.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants . 35 A.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off . 37 A.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers . 38 A.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses . 39 A.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters. 39 Annex B (informative)
Additional formulas and default values for parametering the boiler efficiency method . 40 B.1 Information on the method . 40 B.1.1 Generator efficiencies and stand-by losses . 40 B.1.2 Auxiliary energy . 44 B.1.3 Recoverable generation thermal losses and boiler location . 46 B.2 Conversion of the energy content of energy carriers . 46 B.3 Deviation from default values . 47 B.4 Fuel constants for flue gas measurement depending on Siegert constants . 47 B.5 Default values for calculation of thermal losses through the chimney with the burner off . 49 B.6 Additional default data and calculation for condensing boilers . 50 B.7 Additional default data for generator output and losses . 51 B.8 Additional default data and calculation for water heaters. 51 Annex C (informative)
General part default values and information . 53 Bibliography . 54
the regulators will specify the choices; — the individual user will apply the standard to assess the energy performance of a building, and thereby use the choices made by the regulators. Topics addressed in this standard can be subject to public regulation. Public regulation on the same topics can, for certain applications, override the default values in Annex B of this standard. Public regulation on the same topics can even, for certain applications override the use of this standard. Legal requirements and choices are in general not published in standards but in legal documents. In order to avoid double publications and difficult updating of double documents, the National Annex may refer to the legal texts where national choices have been made by public authorities. SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
Building (as such) Technical Building Systems
Descriptions
Descriptions
Descriptions Heating Cooling Ventilation Humidification Dehumidification Domestic Hot water Lighting Building automation and control Electricity
production sub1
M1 sub1 M2 sub1
M3 M4 M5 M6 M7 M8 M9 M10 M11 1 General
1 General 1 General 15316–1
15316–1
2 Common terms and definitions; symbols, units and subscripts
2 Building Energy Needs 2 Needs
12831–3 ?
3 Applications
3 (Free) Indoor Conditions without Systems 3 Maximum Load and Power 12831–1
12831–3
4 Ways to Express Energy Performance
4 Ways to Express Energy Performance 4 Ways to Express Energy Performance 15316–1
15316–1
5 Building Functions and Building Boundaries
5 Heat Transfer by Transmission 5 Emission and control 15316–2 15316–2
6 Building Occupancy and Operating Conditions
6 Heat Transfer by Infiltration and Ventilation 6 Distribution and control 15316–3 15316–3
15316–3
7 Aggregation of Energy Services and Energy Carriers
7 Internal Heat Gains 7 Storage and control 15316–5
15316–5 15316–4-3
8 Building Partitioning
8 Solar Heat Gains 8 Generation
8–1 Combustion boilers 15316–4-1
15316–4-1
8–2 Heat pumps 15316–4-2 15316–4-2
15316–4-2
8–3 Thermal solar Photovoltaics 15316–4-3
15316–4-3
15316–4-3
8–4 On-site cogeneration 15316–4-4
15316–4-4
15316–4-4
8–5 District heating and cooling 15316–4-5 15316–4-5
15316–4-5
15316–4-5
8–6 Direct electrical heater 15316–4-6
15316–4-6
8–7 Wind turbines
15316–4- 10
8–8 Radiant heating, stoves 15316–4-8
9 Calculated Energy Performance
9 Building Dynamics (thermal mass) 9 Load dispatching and operating conditions
10 Measured Energy Performance
10 Measured Energy Performance 10 Measured Energy Performance 15378–3
15378–3
11 Inspection
11 Inspection 11 Inspection 15378–1
15378–1
12 Ways to Express Indoor Comfort
12 – 12 BMS
13 External Environment Conditions
14 Economic Calculation 15459–1
condition of 15 °C, 1 013,25 mbar, if there are no other information 4 Symbols and abbreviations 4.1 Symbols For the purposes of this document, the symbols and indices of EN ISO 52000-1 and the symbols and units of Table 2 applies. Table 2 — Symbols and units Symbol Name of quantity Unit D day d/mth h specific latent heat kJ/kg or Wh/kg =Heat transfer coefficient W/(m2 K) =load factor - =expenditure factor - Í=Temperature °C SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
rå » M 3–1 YES Recoverable generation heat losses for heating system (in the calculation interval) Qgen;ls;rbl kWh see 6.5
rå » M 3–1 YES generation heat losses (in the calculation interval) Qgen;ls; kWh see 6.4
rå » M 3–1 YES Expenditure factor of the generator for the whole service gen=- See 6.1 1 - 10 M 3–1 YES Expenditure factor of the generator for heating H;gen=- see 6.1 2 - 10 M 3–1 YES Expenditure factor of the generator for cooling C;gen=- see 6.1 3 - 10 M 3–1 YES Expenditure factor of the generator for ventilation V;gen=- see 6.1 4 - 10 M 3–1 YES Expenditure factor of the generator for DHW W;gen=- see 6.1 5 - 10 M 3–1 YES heat generation auxiliary energy for the heating system (in the calculation interval) Wgen, kWh see 6.3
rå » M 3–1 YES Fuel type
List
not relevant M 3–1 NO 5.2 General description of the method The calculation method of the generation sub-system takes into account heat losses and/or recovery due to the following physical factors: — heat losses to the chimney (or flue gas exhaust) and through the envelope of the storage tank and the generator(s) during total time of generator operation (running and stand-by); — auxiliary energy. The calculation is independent from the time steps. There are a basic calculation for — boilers at all (Clause 6.); — direct heated domestic hot water heaters (6.11) and — domestic hot water appliance tested with 24 h tapping cycles (6.12). There are three possibilities inputs for the generation efficiency calculation: — default values (5.5); — product values (5.6); SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
rå » M 3–1 YES number of peak tappings per day nSp -
rå » M 3–1 YES Heat load h=kW
rå » M 3–3 YES Rated output for cooling system Pn,C kW
rå » M 4–3 YES Rated output for ventilation system Pn,V kW
rå » M 5–3 YES Rated output for DHW system Pn,W kW
rå » M 8–3 YES Heat input to the heating distribution system (in the respective time) QH,dis;in kWh
rå » M 3–6, Yes Heat input to the cooling distribution system (in the respective time) QC,dis;in kWh
rå » M 4–6 YES Heat input to the ventilation distribution system (in the respective time) QV,dis;in kWh
rå » M 5–6, YES daily energy need for domestic hot water, QW,b,d kWh
rå » M 8–6 YES Heat input to the domestic hot water distribution system (in the respective time) QW,dis;in kWh
rå » M 8–6 YES Usage period for heating (in the tH;use h or d 0…8760 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
«30 . . +30 see external climate data, M 3–4, M 8–4 YES daily average design temperature Íe;min=°C
«30 . . +31 see external climate data, M 3–4, M 8–5 YES generator average water temperature (or return temperature to the generator for condensing boilers) as a function of the specific operating conditions ÍHc;mn=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES average return temperature to the generator for condensing boilers as a function of the specific operating conditions ÍHc;RT=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES generator average water temperature as a function of the specific operating conditions for cooling systems - when connected ÍCc;mn=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES generator average water temperature as a function of the specific operating conditions for ventilation systems - when connected ÍVc;mn=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES generator average water temperature as a function of the specific operating conditions for DHW systems - when connected ÍWc;mn=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES average return temperature to the generator for condensing boilers as a function of the specific operating conditions for cooling systems - when connected ÍCc;RT=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES average return temperature to the ÍVc;RT=°C 0 . . 110 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
«30 . . +30 measured YES ambient temperature Íbrm=°C
«30 . . +31 M 3–4, M 8–4 YES cold water temperature Ík °C 0 . . 95 M 3–4 YES Delivered energy input of the generation sub-system (measured fuel input) (in the calculation interval) Egen;del;in kg, m3
rå » M 3t1 YES generator output at full load Pn kW
rå » M 3–2 YES generator output at intermediate load Pint kW
rå » M 3–3 YES temperature difference between boiler return water temperature and flue gas temperature at part load Íwfg °C
«30 . . +30 measured YES external air temperature Íe °C
«30 . . +30 see external climate data, M 3–4, M 8–4 YES ambient temperature Íbrm °C
«30 . . +31 see external climate data, M 3–4, M 8–5 YES out of additional tests
full load efficiency with mean water temperature gen;test;Pn;add
- 0 . . 1 measured YES mean water temperature at full load ÍgenâtestâPnâadd °C
«30 . . +30 measured YES part load efficiency with mean water temperature gen;test;Pint;add
- 0 . . 1 measured YES mean water temperature at part load ÍgenâtestâPintâadd °C
«30 . . +31 measured YES 5.4 Boundaries between distribution and generation sub-system Boundaries between generation sub-system and distribution sub-system should be defined (see description in CEN/TR 15316-6-4). SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
(20) If mH2O;cond is negative, there is no condensation. Then mH2O;cond = 0 and fcond = 0. SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
(21) or ϑ=cond;fg694,61-0,6764*fgh (22) NOTE Use Formula (21) or (22) according to the choice of units for energy and time. The specific condensation heat Qcond in kJ/kg or kJ/m3 is calculated with Formula (23): =condH2O;condcond;fg*Qmh (23) The calculation is based on gross calorific values to get positive values, so the recovered latent heat of condensation Pcond is calculated with Formula (24) (see Table A.13 and Table B.13): =⋅condcond;sgendelQPPH (24) 5.7.4 Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on at full load fch;on Thermal losses through the chimney with the burner on fch;on can be calculated according to the flue gas analysis results (Formula (25)): measuring O2. (Φϑϑ=−⋅+−210;;1121%chonmeasfgbrmOcfcX (25) The constants c10 and c11 are given in Table A.10 and Table B.10. The measured value shall be corrected to reference conditions according to water temperature using the Formula (26): (Φϑϑ=−−⋅ch;onch;on;measgen;refgen;meascorr;ch;onfff (26) where Default values for fcorr;ch;on = 0,045 [%/°C] 5.7.5 Thermal losses through the generator envelope fgen;env If there is no measurement possible the part of stand-by heat losses attributed to heat losses through the generator envelope is given by fgen;env. Default values of fgen;env are given in Table A.7 and Table B.7. Actual specific thermal losses through the generator envelope fgen;env are given by measurement in site (Formula (27)): (Φαϑ∑⋅⋅∆=⋅,;;1000papagenenvgendelAfP (27) SIST EN 15316-4-1:2018
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