CEN/TR 16999:2019

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2019
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Solar energy systems for roofs: Requirements for structural connections to solar panels
Solare Energiesysteme für Dächer: Anforderungen an konstruktive Verbindungen zu
Sonnenkollektoren
Systèmes d'énergie solaire pour les toits : Exigences relatives aux raccordements des
panneaux solaires à la charpente
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16999:2019
ICS:
27.160 6RQþQDHQHUJLMD Solar energy engineering
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 16999
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
February 2019
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 27.160
English Version
Solar energy systems for roofs - Requirements for
structural connections to solar panels
Systèmes d'énergie solaire pour les toits : Exigences Solare Energiesysteme für Dächer: Anforderungen an
relatives aux raccordements des panneaux solaires à la konstruktive Verbindungen zu Sonnenkollektoren
charpente
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 26 November 2018. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC
128.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2019 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16999:2019 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 7
Introduction . 8
1 Scope . 9
2 Normative references . 9
3 Terms and definitions . 10
4 Symbols . 10
5 Configuration of solar panel installation . 10
6 Design responsibility . 10
7 Thermal solar collectors and PV solar panels . 10
8 Principles of limit state structural design . 11
8.1 General . 11
8.2 Design situations . 11
8.3 Ultimate limit state . 11
8.4 Serviceability limit state . 11
9 Determination of actions . 11
9.1 Permanent actions (G) . 11
9.2 Variable actions (Q) . 11
9.2.1 General . 11
9.2.2 Imposed loads . 12
9.2.3 Snow loads . 12
9.2.4 Wind loads . 12
9.2.5 Critical load combinations . 13
9.2.6 Load combination factor ψ . 13
9.2.7 Partial safety factors for actions . 13
9.2.8 Consequence of structural failure . 13
10 Structural resistance of connections . 14
10.1 Configuration and type of connectors . 14
10.2 Design by calculation . 14
10.3 Design assisted by testing . 14
11 Design for accidental action . 15
12 Design for seismic action . 15
Annex A (informative) Examples of connection design . 17
A.1 Fixing hook for PV solar panels mounted above tiled roof . 17
A.1.1 Description of the system . 17
A.1.2 Climate zone . 17
A.1.3 Loads . 17
A.1.3.1 Dead loads. 17
A.1.3.2 Imposed load . 18
A.1.3.3 Wind and snow loads . 18
A.1.3.4 Calculation of the wind load acting on the panels . 18
A.1.3.5 Snow loads . 19
A.1.3.6 Summary of loads acting on a single panel, in directions normal to the roof and down the
roof . 19
A.1.4 Factored load combinations for the ultimate limit state . 20
A.1.5 Factored load combinations for the serviceability limit state . 21
A.1.6 Structural resistance (by test) . 22
A.1.6.1 General . 22
A.1.6.2 Characteristic Resistance . 23
A.1.6.3 Safety factors and design resistance . 24
A.1.6.3.1 General . 24
A.1.6.3.2 Ultimate Limit State for characteristic resistance by test . 24
A.1.6.3.3 Serviceability Limit State for resistance by test . 24
A.1.6.3.4 Design structural resistance values: . 24
A.1.7 Design verification – derivation of the number of hooks required . 25
A.2 Thermal solar collector on flat roof stabilized with dead weight . 27
A.2.1 Description of the system . 27
A.2.2 Climate zone . 27
A.2.3 Loads . 27
A.2.3.1 Dead loads . 27
A.2.3.2 Wind load at roof height Z . 27
A.2.4 Ultimate load case for uplift and sliding . 28
A.2.5 Serviceability limit state . 28
A.2.6 Ultimate resistance to uplift and sliding . 28
A.2.7 Design downward load on roof (concrete blocks + collector + downward wind + snow,
excluding self weight of roof structureConcrete blocks: 14x0,35x1,35 = 6,62kN
(γ = 1,35) . 29
G
A.2.8 Verify the design load and compression strength of the aluminium member BD . 30
A.2.8.1 Critical load case: Snow + downward wind . 30
A.2.8.1.1 Snow: In accordance with EN 1991-1-3: . 30
A.2.8.1.2 Wind: Downward pressure coefficient c = +1,2 . 30
p,net
A.2.8.1.3 Factored snow, wind and dead loads . 30
A.2.8.2 Compression strength of member BD . 33
A.2.9 Summary of design verification for compression member BD . 34
A.3 Connections for an in-roof solar PV system. 35
A.3.1 Description of the system . 35
A.3.2 Climate zone . 35
A.3.3 Loads . 35
A.3.3.1 Dead load . 35
A.3.3.2 Imposed loads . 35
A.3.3.3 Wind loads . 35
A.3.3.3.1 General . 35
A.3.3.3.2 External pressure coefficient .
...