EN 16214-1:2023

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 16214-1:2022
01-julij-2022
Merila za trajnostnost in zmanjševanje emisij toplogrednih plinov za biomaso za
energijsko uporabo - Načela, merila, kazalniki in preskuševalniki - 1. del:
Terminologija
Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications - Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers - Part 1: Terminology
Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen
Biobrennstoffen für Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien, Indikatoren und Prüfer
- Teil 1: Terminologie
Critères de durabilité pour la production de biocarburants et bioliquides pour des
applications énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et vérificateurs - Partie 1 :
Terminologie
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 16214-1
ICS:
01.040.27 Prenos energije in toplote Energy and heat transfer
(Slovarji) engineering (Vocabularies)
27.190 Biološki viri in drugi Biological sources and
alternativni viri energije alternative sources of energy
oSIST prEN 16214-1:2022 en
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

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oSIST prEN 16214-1:2022


DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 16214-1
NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

July 2022
ICS 01.040.27; 01.040.75; 27.190; 75.160.40 Will supersede EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019
English Version

Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria
for biomass for energy applications - Principles, criteria,
indicators and verifiers - Part 1: Terminology
Critères de durabilité pour la production de Nachhaltigkeitskriterien für die Herstellung von
biocarburants et bioliquides pour des applications Biokraftstoffen und flüssigen Biobrennstoffen für
énergétiques - Principes, critères, indicateurs et Energieanwendungen - Grundsätze, Kriterien,
vérificateurs - Partie 1 : Terminologie Indikatoren und Prüfer - Teil 1: Terminologie
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 383.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.

Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.


EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2022 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 16214-1:2022 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

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Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
Annex A (normative) Guidance on the identification of residues to use . 26
Annex B (informative) Decision tree . 27
Annex C (informative) A–deviations . 29
Bibliography . 30

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European foreword
This document (prEN 16214-1:2022) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 383
“Sustainably produced biomass for energy applications”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 16214-1:2012+A1:2019.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
The document has been updated to be in accordance with the current edition of the sustainability
criteria of the European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of the Renewable Energy
Directive (RED II). In particular, the RED II introduces sustainability criteria for forest biomass and the
directive has also been extended to include solid biomass.
This European Standard comprises the following parts:
— prEN 16214-1, Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 1: Terminology;
— CEN/TS 16214-2, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 2: Conformity assessment
including chain of custody and mass balance;
— prEN 16214-3, Sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 3: Sustainability criteria related
to environmental aspects;
— EN 16214-4, Sustainability criteria for the production of biofuels and bioliquids for energy
applications — Principles, criteria, indicators and verifiers — Part 4: Calculation methods of the
greenhouse gas emission balance using a life cycle analysis approach.

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Introduction
In December 2018, the recast Renewable Energy Directive 2018/2001/EU (RED II) entered into force,
as part of the Clean energy for all Europeans package, helping the EU to meet its emissions reduction
commitments under the Paris Agreement. In RED II, the overall EU target for Renewable Energy
Sources consumption by 2030 has been raised to 32 %.
The RED II defines a series of sustainability and greenhouse gas savings criteria that biomass for energy
applications must comply with to be eligible for financial support by public authorities. Some of these
criteria are the same as in the original RED, while others are new or reformulated. In particular, the
RED II introduces sustainability for forestry feedstocks as well as greenhouse gas savings criteria for
solid and gaseous biomass fuels.
It is widely accepted that sustainability at large encompasses environmental, social and economic
aspects. However, this standard series only cover a selection of environmental aspects since the
standard series has been developed with the aim to assist EU Member States and economic operators
with the implementation of RED II. This standard series is therefore limited to certain aspects relevant
for a sustainability assessment of biomass produced for energy applications. This means that
compliance with this standard series or parts thereof alone does not substantiate claims of the biomass
being produced sustainably.

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1 Scope
This document defines the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability and greenhouse gas
emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications. This document specifically considers some
relevant terms and definitions used in European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of the
Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), and the European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC referred to
as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), or in other related European regulations.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
• IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
• ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
accreditation
third-party attestation related to a conformity assessment body (3.29), conveying formal demonstration
of its competence, impartiality and consistent operation in performing specific conformity assessment
(3.28) activities
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020, definition 7.7]
3.2
accreditation body
authoritative body that performs accreditation (3.1)
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020, definition 4.7]
3.3
actual value
greenhouse gas emissions savings (3.58) for some or all of the steps of a specific biofuel (3.13), bioliquid
(3.17) or biomass fuel (3.20) production process (3.86)
Note 1 to entry: Calculated in accordance with the methodology laid down in Part C of Annex V or Part B of
Annex VI of RED II.
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.4
advanced biofuels
biofuels (3.13) that are produced from the feedstock listed in Part A of Annex IX of RED II
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
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3.5
agricultural, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry residues
residues (3.97) that are directly generated by agriculture, aquaculture, fisheries and forestry and that do
not include residues from related industries or processing
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.6
agricultural biomass
biomass (3.19) produced from agriculture
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.7
agrobiodiversity
component of biodiversity that contributes to food and agriculture production, encompassing within
species, species and ecosystem (3.43) diversity
3.8
agroforestry
agroforestry systems which include land-use systems where trees are managed together with crops or
animal production systems in agricultural settings
[SOURCE: Commission Regulation (EU) 1307/2014 Article 1]
3.9
allocation
partitioning the input or output flows of a process (3.86) or a product (3.88) system between the
product system under study and one or more other product systems
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14040:2006, definition 2.17]
3.10
ambient energy
naturally occurring thermal energy and energy accumulated in the environment with constrained
boundaries, which can be stored in the ambient air, excluding in exhaust air, or in surface or sewage
water
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.11
area for nature protection purposes
area designated by law or other equivalent competent authority (3.27) for the long-term conservation of
nature with associated ecosystem (3.43) services and biodiversity values
Note 1 to entry: Within Forest Europe's classification, long-term is minimum 20 years for forests (3.49) and can
be different in other ecosystems and regions.
Note 2 to entry: Some clauses or elements of classification schemes might fall out under this definition, for
example IUCN scheme.
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3.12
audit
systematic, independent and documented process (3.86) for obtaining objective evidence and
evaluating it objectively to determine the extent to which the audit criteria (3.35) are fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: Internal audits, sometimes called first party audits, are conducted by, or on behalf of, the
organization (3.80) itself.
Note 2 to entry: External audits include those generally called second and third party audits. Second party audits
are conducted by parties having an interest in the organization, such as customers, or by other individuals on their
behalf. Third party audits are conducted by independent auditing organizations, such as those providing
certification/registration of conformity or governmental agencies.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 19011:2018, definition 3.1]
3.13
biofuel
liquid fuel for transport produced from biomass (3.19)
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.14
biofuel producer
organization (3.80) or unit responsible for the production of the fuel
Note 1 to entry: The producer can be responsible for any operation with the purpose of changing the biofuel
(3.13) properties.
Note 2 to entry: The producer can also be the supplier of the fuel.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 16559:2022, definition 3.156, modified; term changed to “biofuel producer” instead of
“producer”]
3.15
biofuel production
transformation of biomass (3.19) or of an intermediate product (3.88) derived from biomass into a
biofuel (3.13)
3.16
biogas
gaseous fuels produced from biomass (3.19)
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.17
bioliquid
liquid fuel for energy purposes other than for transport, including electricity and heating and cooling,
produced from biomass (3.19)
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.18
bioliquid production
transformation of biomass (3.19) or of an intermediate product (3.88) derived from biomass into a
bioliquid (3.17)
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3.19
biomass
biodegradable fraction of products (3.88), waste (3.118) and residues (3.97) from biological origin from
agriculture, including vegetal and animal substances, from forestry and related industries, including
fisheries and aquaculture, as well as the biodegradable fraction of waste, including industrial and
municipal waste of biological origin
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.20
biomass fuel
gaseous and solid fuel produced from biomass (3.19)
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.21
biowaste
biodegradable garden and park waste (3.118), food and kitchen waste from households, restaurants,
caterers and retail premises and comparable waste from food processing plants
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2008/98/EC]
3.22
blending
process (3.86) of defined intentional mixing of a biofuel (3.13) or a bioliquid (3.17) with a fossil fuel
(3.52) or of a biofuel with a biofuel or a bioliquid with a bioliquid
Note 1 to entry: See also mixture (3.77).
3.23
certificate
attestation document issued by an independent third-party certification body
[SOURCE: ISO 22222:2005, definition 2.2]
3.24
chain of custody
process (3.86) by which inputs and outputs and associated information are transferred, monitored and
controlled as they move through each step in the relevant supply chain (3.110)
[SOURCE: ISO 22095:2020, definition 3.1.1]
3.25
CO equivalent
2
unit for comparing the radiative forcing of a GHG (3.56) to that of carbon dioxide
Note 1 to entry: The carbon dioxide equivalent is calculated using the mass of a given GHG multiplied by its global
warming potential (3.54).
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14064-1:2019, definition 3.1.13]
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3.26
combined heat and power
CHP
cogeneration
simultaneous generation in one process (3.86) of thermal energy and electrical and/or mechanical
energy
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2004/8/EC]
3.27
competent authority
regulatory body, authority or organization (3.80) which implement the requirements of legislation and
has the legally delegated (or invested) authority, capacity, or power to perform a designated function
3.28
conformity assessment
demonstration that specified requirements are fulfilled
Note 1 to entry: The process (3.86) of conformity assessment as described in the functional approach in Annex A
of EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020 can have a negative outcome, i.e. demonstrating that the specified requirements are
not fulfilled.
Note 2 to entry: Conformity assessment includes activities defined elsewhere in this document, such as but not
limited to testing, inspection, validation, verification, certification, and accreditation (3.1).
Note 3 to entry: Conformity assessment is explained in Annex A of EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020 as a series of
functions. Activities contributing to any of these functions can be described as conformity assessment activities.
Note 4 to entry: This document does not include a definition of “conformity”. “Conformity” does not feature in the
definition of “conformity assessment”. Nor does this document address the concept of compliance.
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020, definition 4.1]
3.29
conformity assessment body
body that performs conformity assessment (3.28) activities, excluding accreditation (3.1)
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020, definition 4.6]
3.30
consignment
quantity of unfinished or finished product (3.88), consisting of one or more batches of the same
sustainability characteristics, which is transferred from one economic operator (3.42) to another one at
the same time
Note 1 to entry: Transfer from/to two economic operators involves two consignments.
3.31
continuously forested area
forest (3.49) with a canopy cover more than 30 %
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001 and Communication from the Commission
2010/C 160/02]
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3.32
conversion
chemical, biological or physical process (3.86) whereby biomass (3.19) or an intermediate product is
converted into a finished biofuel (3.13)/bioliquid (3.17) or into an intermediate product
3.33
co-processing
simultaneous conversion (3.32) of feedstocks and/or materials of different origins in one process (3.86),
e.g. biomass (3.19) and fossil feedstocks
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 98/70/EC]
3.34
co-product
substance or object resulting from a production process (3.86) not being a product (3.88), residue (3.97)
or waste (3.118)
Note 1 to entry: See also product (3.88), residue (3.97) and waste (3.118).
3.35
criterion
requirement that describes what is to be assessed
Note 1 to entry: A criterion adds meaning and operability to a principle (3.85) without itself being a direct
measure of performance.
Note 2 to entry: A criterion is characterized by a set of related indicators (3.66).
[SOURCE: ISO 13065:2015, definition 3.11]
3.36
default value
value derived from a typical value (3.114) by the application of pre-determined factors and that may, in
circumstances specified in RED II, be used in place of an actual value (3.3)
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.37
degraded
state characterised by long-term loss of biodiversity due to
for instance overgrazing, mechanical damage to the vegetation, soil erosion or loss of soil quality (3.104)
Note 1 to entry: The term “degraded” is applied in the context of the high biodiverse value status of an area,
namely for highly biodiverse forest and other wooded land (3.62) and for highly biodiverse non-natural grassland
(3.64) and forest (3.49).
Note 2 to entry: The term “degraded” defined here is not related to the term “severely degraded land” used in the
methodology for greenhouse gas emissions (3.57) calculation (see Annex C 9. of RED II).
[SOURCE: COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 1307/2014, Art 1, (4) (b), modified to fit the structure of
a definition in a European Standard]
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3.38
disaggregated default value
greenhouse gas emission (3.57) for a specific part of the supply chain (3.110) derived from a default
value (3.36)
Note 1 to entry: See also actual value (3.3), default value (3.36), typical value (3.114)
3.39
distribution
set of operations or activities to supply biofuels (3.13) or bioliquids (3.17) or their blends from their
delivery to the fuel supplier (3.53) and up to the final customer
3.40
district cooling
distribution (3.39) of thermal energy in the form of chilled liquids, from central or decentralised sources
of production through a network to multiple buildings or sites (3.100), for the use of space or process
(3.86) cooling
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.41
district heating
distribution (3.39) of thermal energy in the form of steam or hot water, from central or decentralised
sources of production through a network to multiple buildings or sites (3.100), for the use of space or
process (3.86) heating
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.42
economic operator
individual or organization (3.80) which has ownership or physical control of biomass (3.19),
intermediate products and products (3.88) produced thereof, from the origin to the market availability
of the biofuel (3.13) or bioliquid (3.17) for one or several steps in the (biofuel or bioliquid) chain of
custody (3.24)
3.43
ecosystem
dynamic complex of plant, animal and micro-organism communities and their non-living environment
interacting as a functional unit
3.44
efficient district heating and cooling
district heating (3.41) or district cooling (3.40) system using at least 50 % renewable energy, 50 %
waste heat, 75 % cogenerated heat or 50 % of a combination of such energy and heat
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2012/27/EU]
3.45
energy from renewable sources
energy from renewable non-fossil sources, namely wind, solar (solar thermal and solar photovoltaic)
and geothermal energy, ambient energy (3.10), tide, wave and other ocean energy, hydropower, biomass
(3.19), landfill gas, sewage treatment plant gas, and biogas (3.16)
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
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3.46
first gathering point
road-side point where the agricultural biomass (3.6) or forest biomass (3.50) is stored before transport
3.47
first-party conformity assessment activity
conformity assessment (3.28) activity that is performed by the person or organization (3.80) that
provides or that is the object of conformity assessment
Note 1 to entry: The first-, second- and third-party descriptors used to characterize conformity assessment
activities in relation to a given object are not to be confused with the legal identification of the relevant parties to a
contract.
EXAMPLE Activities performed by providers, designers or owners of the object, investors in the object, and
advertisers or promoters of the object.
Note 2 to entry: If an activity is performed by an external body acting on behalf of and controlled by a person or
organization that provides or is the object, the activity is still called a first-party conformity assessment activity
(3.47) (e.g. internal audits (3.12) performed by a consultant who is not part of the organization).
[SOURCE: EN ISO/IEC 17000:2020, definition 4.3]
3.48
food and feed crops
starch-rich crops (3.108), sugar crops or oil crops produced on agricultural land as a main crop
excluding residues (3.97), waste (3.118) or ligno-cellulosic material (3.72) and intermediate crops, such
as catch crops and cover crops, provided that the use of such intermediate crops does not trigger
demand for additional land
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.49
forest
forest land spanning more than 1 ha with trees higher than 5 m and a canopy cover of more than 10 %,
or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ, not including land that is predominantly under
agricultural or urban land use (3.67)
Note 1 to entry: “Forest” includes continuously forested areas (3.31) and sparsely forested areas (3.106).
Note 2 to entry: The FAO source document contains a value of 0,5 ha. The value has been changed into 1 ha to be
adapted according to the RED II.
Note 3 to entry: Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land
uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m in situ.
Note 4 to entry: Includes areas with young trees that have not yet reached but which are expected to reach a
canopy cover of 10 % and tree height of 5 m. It also includes areas that are temporarily unstocked due to clear
cutting as part of a forest management practice or natural disasters, and which are expected to be regenerated
within five years. Local conditions may, in exceptional cases, justify that a longer time frame is used.
Note 5 to entry: Includes forest roads, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest in national parks, nature
reserves and other protected areas such as those of specific environmental, scientific, historical, cultural or
spiritual interest.
Note 6 to entry: Includes windbreaks, shelterbelts and corridors of trees with an area of more than 0,5 ha and
width of more than 20 m.
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Note 7 to entry: Includes abandoned shifting cultivation land with a regeneration of trees that have, or is expected
to reach, a canopy cover of 10 % and tree height of 5 m.
Note 8 to entry: Includes areas with mangroves in tidal zones, regardless whether this area is classified as land
area or not.
Note 9 to entry: Includes rubber-wood, cork oak and Christmas tree plantations.
Note 10 to entry: Includes areas with bamboo and palms provided that land use, height and canopy cover
criteria (3.35) are met.
Note 11 to entry: Includes areas outside the legally designated forest land which meet the definition of
“forest”.
Note 12 to entry: Excludes tree stands in agricultural production systems, such as fruit tree plantations, oil
palm plantations, olive orchards, and agroforestry (3.8) systems when crops are grown under tree cover.
Note 13 to entry: Some agroforestry (3.8) systems such as the “Taungya” system where crops are grown
only during the first years of the forest rotation should be classified as forest.
[SOURCE: FAO-report on terms and definitions from 2020, modified; 0,5 ha changed to 1 ha and Notes 1
and 2 to entry added]
3.50
forest biomass
biomass (3.19) produced from forestry
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.51
forest regeneration
the re-establishment of a forest (3.49) stand by natural or artificial means following the removal of the
previous stand by felling or as a result of natural causes, including fire or storm
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.52
fossil fuel
fuel derived from crude oil, natural gas or coal
3.53
fuel supplier
an entity supplying fuel to the market that is responsible for passing fuel through an excise duty point
or, in the case of electricity or where no excise is due or where duly justified, any other relevant entity
designated by a Member State
[SOURCE: European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001]
3.54
global warming potential
GWP
index, based on radiative properties of GHGs (3.56), measuring the radiative forcing following a pulse
emission of a unit mass of a given GHG in the present-day atmosphere integrated over a chosen time
horizon, relative to that of carbon dioxide (CO )
2
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Note 1 to entry: GHG values are provided in Directive 2018/EU/2001.
[SOURCE: EN ISO 14064-1:2019, definition 3.1.12, modified, Note 1 to entry added]
3.55
grassland
terrestrial ecosystems (3.43) dominated by herbaceous or shrub vegetation for at least 5 years
continuously
Note 1 to entry: Grasslands differ among climatic zones and may include, inter alia, heaths, pastures, meadows,
savannahs, steppes, scrublands, tundra and prairies.
Note 2 to entry: It includes meadows or pasture that is cropped for hay but excludes land cultivated for other
crop production and cropland lying temporarily fallow.
Note 3 to entry: It further excludes continuously forested areas (3.31) as defined in Article 29(4)(b) of
Directive 2018/2001 unless these are agroforestry (3.8) systems which include land-use systems where trees are
managed together with crops or animal production systems in agricultural settings.
Note 4 to entry: The dominanc
...