EN 13491:2013

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Tunneln und damit verbundenen Tiefbauwerken erforderlich sindGéomembranes, géosynthétiques bentonitiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation comme barrière aux fluides dans la construction des tunnels et des structures souterraines associéesGeosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use as a fluid barrier in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures93.060Gradnja predorovTunnel construction59.080.70GeotekstilijeGeotextilesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 13491:2013SIST EN 13491:2013en,fr,de01-december-2013SIST EN 13491:2013SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 13491:2005/A1:2007SIST EN 13491:20051DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 13491
July 2013 ICS 59.080.70; 91.100.50 Supersedes EN 13491:2004English Version
Geosynthetic barriers - Characteristics required for use as a fluid barrier in the construction of tunnels and associated underground structures
Barrières géosynthétiques - Caractéristiques requises pour l'utilisation comme barrière contre les liquides dans la construction des tunnels et des structures souterraines
Geosynthetische Dichtungsbahnen - Eigenschaften, die für die Anwendung beim Bau von Tunneln und damit verbundenen Tiefbauwerken erforderlich sind This European Standard was approved by CEN on 23 May 2013.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
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B-1000 Brussels © 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 13491:2013: ESIST EN 13491:2013

Factory production control  Factory production control scheme . 21 A.1 General . 21 A.2 Product design . 21 A.3 Production . 21 A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials . 21 A.3.2 Production process . 21 A.4 Finished products . 21 A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials . 21 A.4.2 Alternative tests . 24 A.4.3 Equipment . 24 A.5 Provisions applicable to A.2, A.3 and A.4 (to be used where appropriate) . 25 A.5.1 Records . 25 A.5.2 Assessment of results . 25 A.5.3 Traceability . 25 A.5.4 Corrective action for non-conforming materials and products . 25 SIST EN 13491:2013

Durability of geosynthetic barriers . 26 B.1 Introduction . 26 B.1.1 Standards to which this annex is common . 26 B.1.2 Mechanisms of degradation . 26 B.1.3 Service life . 27 B.1.4 Use of rework materials . 27 B.2 Test requirements . 27 B.2.1 General requirement . 27 B.2.2 Requirements for repeat testing . 27 B.2.3 Requirements for individual materials . 28 B.3 Durability tests . 29 B.3.1 Introduction . 29 B.3.2 Weathering . 29 B.3.3 Resistance to micro-organisms . 31 B.3.4 Resistance to environmental stress cracking . 31 B.3.5 Resistance to leaching . 31 B.3.6 Resistance to oxidation . 32 B.3.7 Chemical resistance . 32 B.4 Evaluation tests and acceptance criteria . 32 B.4.1 General. 32 B.4.2 Evaluation by comparison of tensile properties . 32 B.4.3 Evaluation by comparison of Oxidative Induction Time (OIT) values . 33 B.4.4 Evaluation by change in mass . 33 B.4.5 Evaluation by change in water permeability . 33 Annex ZA (informative)
Clauses of this European Standard addressing the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive . 34 ZA.1
Scope and relevant characteristics . 34 ZA.2
Procedure for attestation of conformity of geosynthetic barriers . 35 ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity . 35 ZA.2.2 EC Certificate and Declaration of Conformity . 36 ZA.3 CE marking and labelling . 37 Bibliography . 40
Tests for some non-mandated characteristics are still under study and will be included when the standard is revised. The term “product” used in this document refers to a geosynthetic barrier, including polymeric geosynthetic barriers, clay geosynthetic barriers and bituminous geosynthetic barriers. This document is part of a group of standards, addressing the requirements for geosynthetic barriers when used in a specific application.
Particular application cases can contain requirements about additional properties and - preferably standardised - test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards.
The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
The intended use of these products is to control the leakage of water through the construction wall.
This document is not applicable to geotextiles or geotextile-related products. This document provides for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this document. This document defines requirements to be met by manufacturers and distributors with regard to the presentation of product properties.
This document does not cover applications where the geosynthetic barrier is to be in contact with water that has been treated for human consumption. Where potable water is or may be in direct contact with the product the designer should also refer to other relevant standards, requirements and/or regulations. 2 Normative references The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 495-5, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of foldability at low temperature — Part 5: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1109, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing — Determination of flexibility at low temperature EN 1844, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of resistance to ozone — Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing EN 1849-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of thickness and mass per unit area — Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets EN 12224, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Determination of the resistance to weathering EN 12225, Geotextiles and geotextile-related products — Method for determining the microbiological resistance by a soil burial test EN 12310-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for waterproofing — Determination of resistance to tearing (nail shank) EN 12311-1, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Part 1: Bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing — Determination of tensile properties EN 12311-2, Flexible sheets for waterproofing — Determination of tensile properties — Part 2: Plastic and rubber sheets for roof waterproofing SIST EN 13491:2013

4.2.1 Application 1: "seepage water tunnel" Application where the geosynthetic barrier is used as a stand-alone seepage (moisture) barrier. Figure 1 shows a typical cross-section.
Key 1 rock 2 shotcrete 3 geotextile 4 geosynthetic barrier 5
concrete Figure 1 — A geosynthetic barrier in a drilled seepage water tunnel SIST EN 13491:2013

Key 1 rock 2 shotcrete 3 geotextile 4 geosynthetic barrier 5 concrete Figure 2 — A geosynthetic barrier in a drilled pressurised water tunnel
Key 1 soil 2 protection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 geotextile 5 concrete Figure 3 — A geosynthetic barrier in a cut and cover seepage water tunnel
Key 1 soil 2 protection layer 3 geosynthetic barrier 4 geotextile 5 concrete Figure 4 — A geosynthetic barrier in a cut and cover pressurised water tunnel 4.3 Relevant characteristics The characteristics and the test methods to be used are given in Table 1. The list of characteristics in Table 1 includes those relevant to all conditions of use and subject to harmonisation (H) (see Annex ZA), those relevant to all conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (A), and those relevant to specific conditions of use and not subject to harmonisation (S).
The functions and conditions of use, corresponding with the characteristics, marked with “S” in Table 1, are specified in 4.4.
The manufacturer shall provide the data based on the results of tests specified in this document and, where relevant, in accordance with 5.1. The manufacturer shall provide information on how functioning joints can be made. Where products are jointed in the factory, the water permeability and, if relevant, the strength of the joints shall be tested and data presented. SIST EN 13491:2013

Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C
Physical properties
1 Thickness A A - EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 -
2 Mass per unit area A A A EN 1849-2 EN 1849-1 EN 14196
Hydraulic properties
3 Water permeability (liquid tightness)
H H H EN 14150 EN 14150 EN 16416 Report index flux for GBR-C
4 Swell Index - - A - - ASTM D5890
5 Gas permeability S S S ASTM D1434 ASTM D1434 EN ISO 10773
See 4.4.9.
Mechanical properties
6 Tensile strength
H H H EN ISO 527-1,
EN ISO 527-3,
EN ISO 527-4 or EN 12311-2 EN 12311-1 EN ISO 10319 For non reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3:1995, test specimen type 5 at a speed of 100 mm/min.
For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-4:1997, specimen type 2 with width 50 mm, at a speed of 5 mm/min. EN 12311-2 should only be used for non-polyolefinic GBR-P. Report in all cases the maximum strength measured according to the test method. 7 Elongation A A A EN ISO 527-1,
EN ISO 527-3,
EN ISO 527-4 or EN 12311-2 EN 12311-1 EN ISO 10319 For non-reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-3:1995, test specimen type 5 at a speed of 100 mm/min.
For reinforced GBR-P use EN ISO 527-1 and EN ISO 527-4:1997, specimen type 2, width 50 mm, at a speed of 5 mm/min. Calculation of elongation as defined in EN ISO 527-1:2012, 10.2, using grip separation measurement. EN 12311-2 should only be used for non-polyolefinic GBR-P. SIST EN 13491:2013

Table 1 (continued)
Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C
8 Static puncture H H H EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236 EN ISO 12236
9 Burst strength S S S EN 14151
EN 14151 EN 14151 This test applies to GBR-C only if they contain a polymeric or bituminous barrier element. 10 Tear strength S S - ISO 34-1 EN 12310-1 - For GBR-P use ISO 34-1:2010, Method B, angle specimen (Figure 2) without nick at a speed of 50 mm/min.
Thermal properties
11 Low temperature behaviour (flexure) S S - EN 495-5 EN 1109 -
12 Thermal expansion A A - ASTM D696 - -
Durability and chemical resistance
13 Weathering S S - EN 12224 EN 12224 - GBR-C: see 4.4.5. 14 Micro organisms S S S EN 12225 EN 12225 EN 12225
15 Oxidation H H H EN 14575 EN 14575
EN ISO 13438
For the geotextile elements and reinforcement yarns of GBR-C barriers, EN ISO 13438 is applicable. SIST EN 13491:2013

Geosynthetic barrier Test methods Remarks Nr Property to be tested GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C GBR-P
GBR-B GBR-C
16 Environmental stress cracking H - S EN 14576 - EN 14576 EN 14576 is not applicable to GBR-P with a non-crystalline structure. If GPR-P is greater 0,5 mm and less 1,0 mm the test EN 14576 shall be performed with the same composition at a thickness between 1,0 mm and 1,5 mm. In order to estimate exposure durability of thermoset elastomers, as non-crystalline materials cannot be tested following the environmental stress cracking test (EN 14576), the ozone stress cracking test shall be performed according to EN 1844 and evaluated with tensile strength measurements of the reference and the exposed specimen in accordance with B.4.1. 17 Chemical resistance S S S EN 14414 EN 14414 EN 14414
18 Wetting/drying - - S - - CEN/TS 14417
19 Freezing / thaw - - S - - CEN/TS 14418
20 Root penetration S S S CEN/TS 14416 CEN/TS 14416 CEN/TS 14416
21 Reaction to fire A A A EN ISO 11925-2 EN ISO 11925-2 EN ISO 11925-2 GBR should be tested in metal frame only. Relevancy:
H : required for harmonisation;
A : relevant to all conditions of use; S : relevant to specific conditions of use;
-: not relevant Particular application cases may contain requirements about additional properties and - preferably standardised - test methods, if they are technically relevant and not conflicting with European Standards. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
4.4.4 Low temperature behaviour Data on low temperature behaviour are required for applications where polymer and bituminous products may be exposed to low temperatures in storage, construction and use.
Tests which set simple pass/fail criteria at a single temperature condition may not be appropriate for this purpose.
Prehydrated GBR-C should not be stored or installed when the ambient temperature is below 0 °C. 4.4.5 Weathering Data on weathering (combined effects of cycles of wetting, temperature change and exposure to UV light) are required for applications where the GBR-C barrier will be exposed to weathering without adequate protective cover. It should be noted that in all normal situations GBR-C barriers should be covered with soil or other revetment on the same working day or prior to any circumstances which could cause a hydration of the clay component. 4.4.6
Resistance to wetting and drying Data on the resistance of GBR-C to repeated wetting and drying is required when the conditions of use will subject the product to this sequence of actions. 4.4.7 Freeze-thaw cycle resistance Data on the resistance of GBR-C to freeze/thaw is required when the conditions of use will subject the product to this sequence of actions. 4.4.8 Resistance to root penetration Data on root penetration is required in all applications where the geosynthetic barrier is exposed to soils containing restorative vegetation.
Whenever a GBR-C is used as sole gas barrier it shall be ensured that the GBR-C remains hydrated in use to act as a gas barrier. 4.5 Release of dangerous substances National regulations on dangerous substances may require verification and declaration on release, and sometimes content, when construction products covered by this standard are placed on those markets. In the absence of European harmonised test methods, verification and declaration on release/content should be done taking into account national provisions in the place of use. NOTE An informative database covering European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web site on EUROPA accessed through: http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/construction/cpd-ds/. 5 Evaluation of conformity 5.1 Presentation of characteristics The characteristics specified in Table 2, except for durability, expressed as mean values and tolerance limit(s) corresponding to the 95 % confidence level, shall be given by the manufacturer, based on the statistical interpretation of his internal quality control measurements. Physical examination or preliminary testing, according to one of the test methods referenced in Table 1, may indicate that values obtained for a product lie below (or above) the sensitivity threshold established for that test method. In these particular circumstances the manufacturer may declare a value as being less (or greater) than this sensitivity threshold value. Information about durability shall be expressed in accordance with Annex B. 5.2 Verification of values The marking and labelling of the rolls and of the products shall be checked. The marking of the products shall be according to EN ISO 10320. NOTE The method described in this clause is not compulsory for an on-site control procedure. The compliance of characteristics with the values defined in 5.1 shall be based on measurements made on two representative samples (A and B), taken from two different rolls. Sampling shall be made in accordance with EN ISO 9862. The characteristics given in Table 2 shall be measured in accordance with the corresponding European Standards on specimens prepared from sample A.
If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) within the tolerance limit(s) given by the manufacturer, the product is accepted as complying with respect to this characteristic. If the test result(s) for a particular characteristic is (are) outside the tolerance limit(s), specimens prepared from sample B shall be tested. If the test result(s) of the sample B specimens for the same characteristic are within the given tolerance limit(s), the product is accepted as complying with respect to that characteristic. If the test result(s) is (are) outside the tolerance limit(s), the product is not accepted. SIST EN 13491:2013

Characteristic a Functions Tensile strength Fluid barrier Static puncture (CBR test) Fluid barrier Liquid tightness Fluid barrier Durability Fluid barrier a For the durability aspects of these characteristics, see Table 1, 4.4 and Annex B.
The results of initial type tests shall be recorded and be available for inspection. The sample for the type tests shall be drawn according to EN ISO 9862 from a normal production run using the materials and forming processes to be used for the full production process. The size of the sample shall be big enough to allow the determination of the characteristics specified in Table 2. Handmade samples, short trial batches and other development prototypes may be tested by the same methods, but shall not be used for establishing characteristic values in type tests.
5.4 Factory production control A factory production control scheme shall be established and documented in a manual prior to a product type being placed on the market. Subsequently, any fundamental changes in raw materials and additives, manufacturing procedures or the control scheme that affects the properties or use of a product shall be recorded in the manual. The manual shall include the factory production control procedures relevant to the declared properties, as confirmed by the initial type tests.
The factory production control procedures shall consist of a system for the permanent internal control of the production of the products to ensure that such products comply with this document and that the measured values conform with the declared values.
Annex A (normative) lists all the items that shall be considered to determine which is appropriate for the control exercised for a product. The manufacturer shall establish the applicable items and record them in his factory production control manual.
When relevant the procedure given in 5.2 shall be used to check the conformity of the product, for one or more of the characteristics. SIST EN 13491:2013

When required, inspection of the factory and of the factory production control shall be made on the provisions contained in 5.4 and Annex A. 6 Marking
The manufacturer shall clearly and indelibly mark the geosynthetic barrier with the information specified in EN ISO 10320. NOTE For CE Marking, see ZA.3. SIST EN 13491:2013

Factory production control  Factory production control scheme A.1 General The items to be addressed in the factory production control manual relating to the system of control determined from 5.4 are given in Annex A. A.2 Product design The manufacturer shall describe how design requirements and criteria are identified, checked, controlled and updated to be unambiguous and relevant to the use of the product and its specification. The manufacturer shall describe the communication of the design to the internal production departments or external sub-contractors. A.3 Production A.3.1 Raw or incoming materials The manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. A.3.2 Production process
The relevant features of the plant and production process shall be defined giving the frequency of the inspections, checks and tests, together with the values or criteria required both on equipment and on work in the process. The action to be taken when control values or criteria are not obtained shall be recorded. These records shall be available for inspection by relevant parties. A.4 Finished products A.4.1 Raw or incoming materials The manufacturer shall define the acceptance criteria of incoming materials and the procedures that he operates to ensure that these are met. Table A.1 to Table A.3 specify testing frequencies for harmonised (mandatory) properties; for other purposes than CE-marking other frequencies may be appropriate. SIST EN 13491:2013

EN 14576 is not applicable to GBR-P with a non-crystalline structure a For other purposes than CE-marking other frequencies may be appropriate. For instance, by increasing the frequency of
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