EN 12158-1:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2022
Nadomešča:
SIST EN 12158-1:2002+A1:2010
Gradbena dvigala za prevoz materiala - 1. del: Dvigala z dostopno dvižno
ploščadjo
Builders' hoists for goods - Part 1: Hoists with accessible platforms
Bauaufzüge für den Materialtransport - Teil 1: Aufzüge mit betretbarer Plattform
Monte-matériaux - Partie 1: Monte-matériaux à plates-formes accessibles
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 12158-1:2021
ICS:
53.020.99 Druga dvigalna oprema Other lifting equipment
91.220 Gradbena oprema Construction equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 12158-1
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 91.140.90; C Supersedes EN 12158-1:2000+A1:2010
English Version
Builders' hoists for goods - Part 1: Hoists with accessible
platforms
Monte-matériaux - Partie 1 : Monte-matériaux à plates- Bauaufzüge für den Materialtransport - Teil 1: Aufzüge
formes accessibles mit betretbarer Plattform
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 17 October 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 12158-1:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 4
Introduction . 5
1 Scope . 6
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 9
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 11
4.1 Design considerations . 11
4.2 Load combinations and calculations. 12
4.2.1 General . 12
4.2.2 Calculation of structure . 12
4.2.3 Proof calculation . 17
4.2.4 Limit states . 17
4.2.5 Proof of competence . 17
4.2.6 Methods for the proof of competence . 18
4.2.7 Stability . 20
4.2.8 Fatigue stress analysis of drive and braking system components . 21
4.3 Base frame . 21
4.4 Mast, ties and buffers . 22
4.4.1 Guide structures and masts . 22
4.4.2 Mast ties. 22
4.4.3 Buffers . 22
4.5 Hoistway protection and landing access . 22
4.5.1 General . 22
4.5.2 Hoist base enclosure . 23
4.5.3 Landing access . 23
4.5.4 Materials for enclosure and guarding . 29
4.5.5 Landing gate locking devices . 30
4.5.6 Clearances. 31
4.6 Platform . 32
4.6.1 General requirements . 32
4.6.2 Overspeed safety devices against falling of the platform . 36
4.6.3 Overload detection device . 37
4.7 Drive unit . 38
4.7.1 General provisions . 38
4.7.2 Protection and accessibility . 38
4.7.3 Suspension system . 39
4.7.4 Braking system . 44
4.8 Electric installations and appliances . 45
4.8.1 General . 45
4.8.2 Protection against electric faults . 45
4.8.3 Protection against the effects of external influences . 46
4.8.4 Electric wiring . 46
4.8.5 Contactors, relay-contactors . 46
4.8.6 Electrical safety devices. 47
4.8.7 Safety contacts . 48
4.8.8 Travel-limit switches . 48
4.8.9 Slack rope/chain device . 49
4.8.10 Erection accessories . 49
4.8.11 Stopping devices . 49
4.8.12 Stopping the machine . 50
4.8.13 Control modes . 50
4.9 Breakdown conditions . 51
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 51
5.1 Verification of design . 51
5.2 Verification tests of overspeed safety device and overspeed governors . 53
5.2.1 General provisions . 53
5.2.2 Method of test . 53
5.2.3 Test report . 54
5.3 Verification tests on each machine before first use . 54
6 Information for use . 55
6.1 Instruction handbook . 55
6.1.1 Comprehensive information . 55
6.1.2 Contents of the instruction handbook . 55
6.2 Markings . 60
Annex A (informative) European stormwind map . 62
Annex B (normative) Performance levels for safety devices . 64
Annex C (informative) List of significant hazards . 65
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 67

European foreword
This document (EN 12158-1:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 10 “Lifts,
escalators and moving walks”, the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2022, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by December 2023.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document supersedes EN 12158-1:2000+A1:2010.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
a) static calculations;
b) out-of-service wind;
c) safety requirements for platform locking;
d) enclosures for platform and landing gates;
e) requirements for platform inclination on twin-masted units;
f) integration of performance levels according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015;
g) monitoring of the inadvertent brake release.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part
of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is one of a series of standards produced by CEN/TC 10/SC 1 “Building hoists” as part of
the CEN programme of work to produce machinery safety standards.
The document is a type-C standard relating to safety for builder’s hoists for goods.
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance, etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document. In addition, machinery shall comply as appropriate
with EN ISO 12100:2010 for hazards which are not covered by this document.
When provisions of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or -
B standards, the provisions of this type-C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
1.1 This document deals with power-operated temporarily installed builder’s hoists (referred to as
“hoists” in this document) intended for use by persons who are permitted to enter sites of engineering
and construction, serving landing levels, having a load-carrying device:
— designed for the transportation of goods only;
— guided;
— travelling vertically or along a path within 15° max. of the vertical;
— supported or sustained by drum-driven wire rope, chain, rack and pinion or an expanding linkage
mechanism;
— where masts, when erected, require or do not require support from separate structures;
— which permits the access of instructed persons during loading and unloading;
— which are driven by appointed persons;
— which permits, if necessary, during erection, dismantling, maintenance and inspection, the access
and travel by persons who are competent and authorized.
1.2 The document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events
relevant to the machine as listed in Annex C which arise during the various phases in the life of the
machine and describes methods for the elimination or reduction of these hazards when it is used as
intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer.
1.3 This document does not specify the additional requirements for:
— hydraulic installations;
— operation in severe conditions (e.g. extreme climates, strong magnetic fields);
— lightning protection;
— operation subject to special rules (e.g. potentially explosive atmospheres);
— electromagnetic compatibility (emission, immunity);
— handling of loads the nature of which could lead to dangerous situations (e.g. molten metal,
acids/bases, radiating materials, fragile loads);
— the use of combustion engines;
— the use of remote controls;
— hazards occurring during manufacture;
— hazards occurring as a result of mobility;
— hazards occurring as a result of being erected over a public road;
— earthquakes;
— noise;
— ergonomics;
— fixed guards;
— operator intervention.
1.4 This document does not apply to:
— builder’s hoists for persons and materials;
— lifts according to EN 81-3:2000+A1:2008 and EN 81-20:2020;
— inclined hoists according to EN 12158-2:2000+A1:2010;
— work cages suspended from lifting appliances;
— work platforms carried on the forks of fork trucks;
— transport platforms according to EN 16719:2018;
— work platforms;
— funiculars;
— lifts specially designed for military purposes;
— mine lifts;
— theatre elevators;
— special purpose lifts.
1.5 This document deals with the hoist installation. It includes the base frame and base enclosure but
excludes the design of any concrete, hard core, timber or other foundation arrangement. It includes the
design of mast ties but excludes the design of anchorage bolts to the supporting structure. It includes the
landing gates and their frames but excludes the design of any anchorage fixing bolts to the supporting
structure.
1.6 This document does not apply to builders' hoists for goods (hoists with accessible platforms)
manufactured before the date of publication of this document by CEN.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-20:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts — Lifts for the transport of persons
and goods — Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts
EN 1999-1-1:2007, Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures — Part 1-1: General structural rules
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 1: General
requirements
EN 60204-32:2008, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — Part 32: Requirements for
hoisting machines
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN IEC 60947-4-1:2019, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 4-1: Contactors and motor-
starters — Electromechanical contactors and motor-starters
EN 60947-5-1:2017, Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear — Part 5-1: Control circuit devices and
switching elements — Electromechanical control circuit devices
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13849-2:2012, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 2: Validation
(ISO 13849-2:2012)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop function — Principles for design
(ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14118:2018, Safety of machinery — Prevention of unexpected start-up (ISO 14118:2017)
EN ISO 14119:2013, Safety of machinery — Interlocking devices associated with guards — Principles for
design and selection (ISO 14119:2013)
ISO 2394:2015, General principles on reliability for structures
ISO 2408:2017, Steel wire ropes — Requirements

As impacted by EN 1999-1-1:2007/A1:2009 and EN 1999-1-1:2007/A2:2013.
As impacted by EN 60529:1991/corrigendum May 1993, EN 60529:1991/A1:2000, EN 60529:1991/A2:2013,
EN 60529:1991/AC:2016-02 and EN 60529:1991/A2:2013/AC:2019-02.
ISO 4302:2016, Cranes — Wind load assessment
ISO 4309:2017, Cranes — Wire ropes — Care and maintenance, inspection and discard
ISO 6336-1:2019, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 1: Basic principles,
introduction and general influence factors
ISO 6336-2:2019, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 2: Calculation of surface
durability (pitting)
ISO 6336-3:2019, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 3: Calculation of tooth
bending strength
ISO 6336-5:2016, Calculation of load capacity of spur and helical gears — Part 5: Strength and quality of
materials
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010 and the
following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
builder’s hoist
temporary lifting machine serving landing levels on sites of engineering and construction with a platform,
cage or other load-carrying device which is guided
3.2
working load
rated load
maximum load which the hoist has been designed to carry in service
3.3
rated speed
speed of the platform for which the equipment has been designed
3.4
wire rope hoist
hoist which uses wire rope as the load suspension system
3.5
positive drive
drive using means other than friction
3.7
rack and pinion hoist
hoist which uses a toothed rack and pinion as the load suspension system
3.8
expanding linkage mechanism
mechanical linkage system which supports and guides the platform by means of expansion or contraction
under the control of an actuator
EXAMPLE Scissors.
3.9
base frame
lowest framework of the hoist upon which all other components are mounted
3.10
guides
rigid elements which determine the travel way of the platform
3.11
mast
structure that supports and guides the platform
3.12
mast section
indivisible piece of mast, between two adjacent mast joints
3.13
mast tie
connection system between the mast and any building structure, providing lateral support for the mast
3.14
hoistway
total space which is travelled by the platform and its load
3.15
platform
load-carrying device including the floor, sides and entrances
3.16
stopping distance
distance the platform moves from the moment when the control or safety circuit is broken until the
platform has come to a full stop
3.17
overspeed safety device
mechanical device for stopping and maintaining stationary the platform in the event of overspeed in
down direction
3.18
slack rope
rope, normally under tension, from which all external loads have been removed
3.19
wire rope termination
adaptation at the end of a wire rope permitting attachment
3.20
landing
level in a building or construction intended for loading and unloading the platform
3.21
safety distance
minimum acceptable distance between any moving part of a hoist and any point of access
3.22
guard rail
fixed equipment, other than gates, which is used to prevent people from falling or from reaching
hazardous areas
3.23
normal operation
usual operating conditions for the equipment when in use for carrying loads but excluding routine
maintenance, erection, dismantling
3.24
in service
condition during use of the hoist when the platform is in any position, laden or unladen, moving or
stationary
3.25
out of service
installed condition when the unladen platform is positioned such that it is provided with the most shelter
from the wind (normally, but not necessarily, on the ground level)
3.26
competent person
designated person, suitably trained, qualified by knowledge and practical experience, and provided with
the necessary instructions to enable the required procedures to be carried out
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures
4.1 Design considerations
The design of the hoist shall consider safe use, erection, dismantling and maintenance. It shall be possible
to erect the hoist using safe access methods such as those offered by the platform or equivalent facilities.
The design of all components that have to be handled during erection, e.g. mast sections, shall have their
weight assessed against manual handling. Where the permissible weight for manual handling is exceeded,
the manufacturer shall make available suitable lifting equipment. All removable and detachable covers
shall be retained by captive fastenings.
Builders' hoists for goods shall comply with the safety requirements and/or protective measures of this
clause. In addition, the machine shall be designed according to the principles of EN ISO 12100:2010 for
relevant, but not significant hazards, which are not dealt with by this document (e.g. sharp edges).
4.2 Load combinations and calculations
4.2.1 General
The structure of the hoist shall be designed and constructed in such a way that its strength is satisfactory
under all intended operating conditions, including erection and dismantling and e.g. low temperature
environments.
The design of the structure as a whole and each part of it shall be based on the effects of any possible
combination of loads as specified in this 4.2. The load combinations shall consider the least favourable
locations of the platform and load relative to the mast and its ties, both during the vertical passage of the
platform and any horizontal movement, e.g. swivelling of the platform. Ties between the mast and the
supporting structure are considered to be part of the hoist structure.
In cases not covered by this document (e.g. where two hoist cars are running on one mast tower or
multiple machines are running on one or more mast towers), the load cases may be combined based on
state of the art approaches which are taking probabilities of occurrence into consideration.
4.2.2 Calculation of structure
When calculating the hoist structure and every related component, the following forces and loads shall
be taken into account:
a) all dead weights with the exception of the platform and equipment which moves together with the
platform;
b) dead weights of the unladen platform and all equipment which moves together with the platform;
c) dead weight of landing platforms and gates if supported by the hoist;
d) rated load on the platform.
The effect of the forces on the platform and mast resulting from the application of the rated load shall
be allowed for in one of the two following ways which reflect the chosen density of loading on the
platform:
m
r
< 300 kg /²m
Ax 0,75
1) if ,
where
m is the rated load [kg] and
r
A is the total floor area [m ],
the rated load shall be assumed to be distributed over a reduced area (A ) which results in a
distribution of 300 kg/m . The format and the location of this area shall be taken as that which
gives the least favourable stress for the mast and also for the platform. One example is shown in
Figure 1;
Key
A total floor area [m ]
A = m /300 [kg/m ]
1 r
Figure 1 — Example of loading according to 4.2.2 d) 1)
m
r
≥ 300 kg / m
A × 0,75
2) if ,
the rated load shall be assumed to be distributed over an area (A ) equivalent to 75 % of the
total floor area of the platform. The format and the location of this area shall be taken as that
which gives the least favourable stress for the mast and also for the platform. One example is
shown in Figure 2;
Key
A = 0,75 A
Figure 2 — Example of loading according to 4.2.2 d) 2)
e) where the uniform distribution of the rated load over the full area of the platform is less than
2 2
250 kg/m , then for calculation purposes, a minimum of 250 kg/m shall be placed over the whole
area (A ) of the platform (see Figure 3);
Key
A total floor area [m ]
Figure 3 — Evenly distributed load case according to 4.2.2 e)
f) forces during loading and unloading shall be considered as the concurrent effect of a vertical force
and a horizontal force, illustrated by Figure 4, each calculated as follows:
1) a vertical force F with an amplitude of
v
F = m ⋅ g
v v
where
F is the vertical force [N]
v
g is the gravitational acceleration (9,81 m/s )
m is a mass [kg] used for vertical force and is calculated as a function of the rated load (m ):
v r
if m < 400 kg
r
m = 200 kg
v
if m > 2 000 kg
r
m = 400 + 0,3 ⋅ m
v r
other load ratings
m = 0,5 ⋅ m
v r
2) horizontal force F shall be applied in the direction of loading and with an amplitude
H
F = m ⋅ g
H h
where
F is the horizontal force [kN]
H
g is the gravitational acceleration (9,81 m/s )
m is a mass [kg] used for horizontal force and is calculated as a function of the rated load (m ):
h r
if m < 200 kg
r
m = 30 kg
h
if m > 1 700 kg
r
m = 255 kg
h
other load ratings
= 0,15 ⋅ m
m
h r
both forces acting at 1/3 of the width of the platform entrance, at floor level, in the least favourable
direction and location. The stresses in the mast and also in the platform shall be calculated for at least
the following application points of the loading and unloading forces:
1) the platform threshold;
2) the leading edge of any ramp or other extension which is not supported by the landing.
At the same time, any remaining part of the rated load shall be applied in the centre of the platform
(F = (m - m ) ⋅ g).
V1 r v
Equivalent forces shall be used to design the landing threshold and all relevant supporting structures.
Information shall be given in the instruction handbook with regard to these forces;

Key
F vertical force resulting from the remaining part of the rated load applied in the centre of the platform
V1
[kN]
F vertical force [kN]
v
F horizontal force [kN]
H
Figure 4 — Example of forces during loading and unloading
g) for hoists according to 4.8.8.2.5, the design of the hoist shall consider failure of the upper terminal
stopping switch in combination with impact with the upper buffers both with and without load. The
stalling torque and inertia of the drive system shall be taken into account;
h) the effect of moving loads shall be determined by taking the weight of all actual loads (platform, rated
load, wire ropes, etc.) and multiplying them by a dynamic factor μ = (1,1 + 0,264 v) where v is the
rated speed in m/s. Alternative factors may be used if they can be proved to be more accurate;
i) to determine the forces produced by an operation of the overspeed safety device, the sum total of the
travelling load shall be multiplied by a dynamic factor (μ ) 2,5.
A lower factor, but not less than 1,2 can be used if it can be verified by test under all conditions of
loading up to 1,3 times rated load including any inertia effects of the drive system;
j) the platform floor surface shall be designed to withstand without permanent deformation a static
load of 150 kg or 25 % of the rated load, whichever is the greater, but in no case more than 300 kg,
the force applied on the least favourable square area of 0,1 m × 0,1 m;
k) design wind conditions: the aerodynamic pressure q is given by the general formula:
v
w
q=
16,
where
q is the pressure in N/m and v the wind velocity in m/s.
W
In all cases, it shall be assumed that the wind can blow horizontally in any direction, and the least
favourable direction shall be taken into account.
The calculation shall be done according to ISO 4302:2016 with the exception of the following:
1) action of the wind on the platform: when calculating wind pressure on the platform, it shall be
assumed that the platform sides and any guards are solid and an aerodynamic coefficient of
c = 1,2 shall be applied. The factor 1,2 covers both the shape factor and the shielding factor;
2) wind pressure: three design wind conditions shall be taken into account when calculating wind
pressure on hoists:
i. in-service wind: irrespective of height, the minimum value for wind pressure shall be
q = 250 N/m which corresponds to a wind velocity of v = 20 m/s;
w
ii. out-of-service wind: the out-of-service wind pressure depends on the height above ground
and the area where the hoist is installed. The minimum wind pressure shall be based on the
wind speed calculated according to ISO 4302:2016 with a recurrence interval R = 10. The
recommended minimum out-of-service wind pressure for general use is given in Table 1
(values based on ISO 4302:2016, Formula (11)). The minimum design wind pressures shall
be taken into account;
Table 1 — Minimum design wind pressure
Height H of parts of hoist Wind pressure q for geographical Region A-E
above ground level N/m
m A/B C D E
0 < H ≤ 10 527 718 938 1 187
10 < H ≤ 20 607 826 1 079 1 366
20 < H ≤ 50 735 1 000 1 307 1 654
50 < H ≤ 100 853 1 161 1 516 1 919
100 < H ≤ 150 932 1 268 1 657 2 097

The regions A-E are taken from the European Stormwind Map (see Annex A).
Local terrain factors and detailed reference wind speed maps are allowed to use if such
detailed information is available.
iii. erection and dismantling wind: irrespective of height, the minimum value for wind pressure
shall be q = 100 N/m , which corresponds to a wind velocity of v = 12,5 m/s;
w
l) an error of erection of 0,5° is included in the safety factors of this document;
m) forces created by the lower buffers shall correspond to a retardation of 2 g (i.e. μ = 3) unless a lower
value of retardation can be verified.
4.2.3 Proof calculation
The proof of competence according to this standard shall be carried out by using the general principles
and methods appropriate for this purpose and corresponding with the recognized state of the art in
mechanical design. For guidance governing analysis of structural members and their connections (e.g.
fatigue, welding, bolts), EN 13001-3-1:2012+A2:2018 is recommended. For aluminium, consider
EN 1999-1-1:2007 .
Alternatively, advanced and recognized theoretical or experimental methods may be used in general,
provided that they conform to the principles of this document.
4.2.4 Limit states
During analysis of the hoist, its components or materials, two different limit states need to be considered
(ultimate limit state which concerns safety of people and structure, service limit state which concerns
function and appearance of the structure as well as the comfort of the user).
There is a distinction between ultimate limit states and serviceability limit states as follows:
a) Ultimate limit states, given by:
1) plastic deformations from the effect of nominal stresses or sliding of frictional connections;
2) failure of components or connections (e.g. static failure, failure by fatigue or formation of critical
cracks);
3) elastic instability of the hoist or its parts (e.g. buckling, bulging);
4) rigid body instability of the hoist or its parts (e.g. tilting, shifting).
b) Serviceability limit states, examples of which are:
1) deformations which impair the intended utilization of the hoist (e.g. function of moving
components, clearances of parts);
2) exceeding temperature limits (e.g. overheating of motors and brakes).
4.2.5 Proof of competence
The proof of competence shall contain validation proving that the stresses or forces do not exceed the
structural limitations of components.
Loads in 4.2.2. shall be superimposed in such a way that the resulting load effects attain their
instantaneous extreme values for the considered situation of use. Such superimpositions are called load
combinations. Load combinations containing dynamic effects may be treated as quasi static by the use of
appropriate dynamic factors. Basic load combinations are given in 4.2.6.
For the proof of fatigue strength, the number and magnitude of significant stress cycles shall be specified.
The limit states applicable to the combination of material selection, manufacturing techniques and the
specified service conditions shall be stated in the proof of competence. For the verification that the
ultimate limit states are not exceeded, the following proofs shall be established:
a) proof of strength of members, connections and components:
1) under static and quasi-static loading;
2) under cyclic loading (fatigue);
b) proof of elastic stability of the hoist and its parts;
c) proof of hoist stability.
For the verification that the serviceability limit states are not exceeded, the following aspects shall
be considered and a proof be established where appropriate:
d) proof of deformation;
e) thermal performance.
4.2.6 Methods for the proof of competence
4.2.6.1 Limit state method
Individual characteristic loads according to 4.2.2 are amplified by the appropriate partial safety factors
γ . Moving loads are also amplified by a dynamic factor (μ) to create quasi static characteristic loads.
p
All amplified load actions shall be superimposed according to the set load combination found in Table 3.
Descriptions for the different load cases are found in Table 2.
Table 2 — Description of load cases
Load case Description
A
normal use
A
loading and unloading
B
out-of-service wind
B
erection
C
exceptional load
activation of overspeed
C
safety device
C
buffer impact
Table 3 — Load cases
Load case A Load case B Load case C
Subclause of
No Loads
4.2.2
γ A A γ B B γ C C C
p 1 2 p 1 2 p 1 2 3
1,22 1,16 1,1 (1
dead weights not
1 a), c) 1 1 1 1 1
a a a
moving (1,16 ) (1,1 ) )
1,22 1,16 1,1 (1
μ μ μ μ μ
2 b) dead weights moving 1
1 1 1 2 3
a a
(1,16 ) (1,1 ) a)
μ μ μ μ
3 d) rated load 1,35 1,22 1,1
1 1 2 3
uniformly distributed
μ
4 e)    1,1
load
5 f) loading/unloading 1,35 1
6 k) wind 1,35 1 1 1,16 1 1 1,1 1 1
7 l) effect of retardation     1
Key
γ resistance coefficient (partial)
p
μ the effect of moving load by a dynamic factor (4.2.2 h))
μ the effect of the overspeed safety device by a dynamic factor (4.2.2 i))
μ the effect of buffer impact by a dynamic factor (4.2.2 m))
a
Weight determined by weighing.

For the proof that excessive yielding does not occur, the resulting stress including nominal and local
stress distributions shall be compared with the yield strength of the material connection or component
divided by a material resistance coefficient γ listed in Table 4.
M
Table 4 — Material resistance coefficient
steel 1,1
γ
aluminium 1,1
M
aluminium, welded 1,25
Other criteria may be used, e.g. attainment of a limiting value of the principal membrane strain,
attainment of the yielding criterion or limitation of the yielding zone.
The limit state method applied in this calculation method is defined in ISO 2394:2015 for all structural
systems covered by this document.
4.2.6.2 Allowable stress method
Moving individual characteristic loads according to 4.2.2 are amplified by a dynamic factor (μ) to create
quasi static characteristic loads.
Superimposion of loads are described as load cases in Table 2 and presented in columns with dynamic
factors in Table 3. For allowable stress method safety factors, γ are set to 1.
p
For the proof that yielding does not occur, the resulting stress including nominal and local stress
distributions shall be compared with the allowable stress that is derived from the nominal yield strength
of the material using the safety factor S (see Table 5). Aluminium structures also need to be evaluated
y
using the ultimate strength of the material together with the safety factor S (see Table 6).
o
a) steel structures (permissible stresses)
f
y
σ =
S
y
b) aluminium structures (permissible stresses)
 f

f
y
u
σ = min ,

SS
 
yu

where
f
...