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CEN/TR 16514:2013

(Main)

Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol containing more than 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen - Roadmap, test methods, and requirements for E10+ petrol

Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol containing more than 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen - Roadmap, test methods, and requirements for E10+ petrol

This Technical Report presents an overview and time plan for test methods and requirements that could be expected for future unleaded petrol and petrol blends in Europe. This means unleaded petrol with an ethanol/oxygenates level higher than allowed in the Fuels Quality Directive, Annex I [4], which is petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) of oxygen, more familiarly known as E10.
Specific issues that may apply for certain levels or types of oxygenates are highlighted where appropriate in the appropriate sections of this report. This report does not take into account all issues related to vehicles that are specially designed to run on a much wider range of oxygenate contents above E10+, for example up to E85.
The report covers fuels and vehicle concepts for both E10+-capable (without engine efficiency gains) and E10+-optimised (with engine efficiency gains).
NOTE 1   Following the large possible combinations and levels of oxygenates, the work focuses on unleaded petrol with a nominal ethanol content between 10 % (V/V) and 25 % (V/V). Once the ethanol is higher than approximately 20 % to 25 % (depending on the vehicle) more engine and vehicle measures would likely be needed.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
NOTE 3   Although EN 228 speaks about and defines "unleaded petrol", the wording "petrol" is used throughout this document for the sake of readability.

Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Unverbleiter Ottokraftstoff mit höheren Gehalten an Oxygenaten als 3,7 % (m/m) - Roadmap, Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen für E10+ Ottokraftstoff

Carburants pour automobiles - Essence sans plomb contenant plus de 3,7 % (m/m) d’oxygène - Feuille de route, méthodes d’essai et exigences pour les essences E10+

Goriva za motorna vozila - Neosvinčeni motorni bencin, ki vsebuje več kot 3,7 % (m/m) kisika - Smernice, preskusne metode in zahteve za bencin E10+

To tehnično poročilo predstavlja pregled in časovni načrt preskusnih metod in zahtev, ki jih je mogoče v prihodnosti pričakovati v povezavi z neosvinčenim motornim bencinom in mešanicami bencina v Evropi. To pomeni neosvinčeni motorni bencin z višjo ravnjo etanola/kisikovih spojin od dovoljene v skladu z Direktivo o kakovosti goriva, Priloga I [4], tj. motorni bencin z deležem kisika največ 3,7 % (m/m), bolje poznan kot E10. Posebna vprašanja, ki lahko zadevajo določene ravni ali vrste kisikovih spojin, so v zadevnih razdelkih tega poročila ustrezno označena. To poročilo ne upošteva vseh vprašanj, povezanih z vozili, ki so posebej oblikovana za delovanje z veliko širšim obsegom vsebnosti kisikovih spojin v motornem bencinu nad E10+, npr. do E85. To poročilo zajema koncepte goriv in vozil, ki uporabljajo E10+ (brez povečane učinkovitosti motorja) in so optimizirani za E10+ (s povečano učinkovitostjo motorja).

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
18-Jun-2013
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
CEN/TC 19 - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
Drafting Committee
CEN/TC 19/WG 38 - New Fuels Coordination and Planning
Current Stage
6060 - Definitive text made available (DAV) - Publishing
Start Date
19-Jun-2013
Due Date
06-Jan-2014
Completion Date
19-Jun-2013
Ref Project
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16514:2013 - Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol containing more than 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen - Roadmap, test methods, and requirements for E10+ petrol

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SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-september-2013
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PP NLVLND6PHUQLFHSUHVNXVQHPHWRGHLQ]DKWHYH]DEHQFLQ(
Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol containing more than 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen -
Roadmap, test methods, and requirements for E10+ petrol
Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Unverbleiter Ottokraftstoff mit höheren Gehalten an
Oxygenaten als 3,7 % (m/m) - Roadmap, Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen für E10+
Ottokraftstoff
Carburants pour automobiles - Essence sans plomb contenant plus de 3,7 % (m/m)
d'oxygène - Feuille de route, méthodes d'essai et exigences pour les essences E10+
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16514:2013
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16514
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
June 2013
ICS 75.160.20
English Version
Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol containing more than 3,7 %
(m/m) oxygen - Roadmap, test methods, and requirements for
E10+ petrol
Carburants pour automobiles - Essence sans plomb Kraftstoffe für Kraftfahrzeuge - Unverbleiter Ottokraftstoff
contenant plus de 3,7 % (m/m) d'oxygène - Feuille de mit höheren Gehalten an Oxygenaten als 3,7 % (m/m) -
route, méthodes d'essai et exigences pour les essences Roadmap, Prüfverfahren und Anforderungen für E10+
E10+ Ottokraftstoff
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 16 March 2013. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2013 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16514:2013: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
Foreword . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Summary . 5
4 Context . 7
5 CEN/TC 19/WG 38 . 7
6 External drivers . 7
6.1 Introduction . 7
6.2 Renewable Energy Directive (RED, 2009/28/EC) . 8
6.3 Fuel Quality Directive (FQD, 2009/30/EC) . 8
6.4 Vehicle CO (Regulations 443/2009 and 510/2011). 8
6.5 Today's situation . 8
6.6 Factors to be considered . 10
6.7 Final remarks on external drivers . 11
7 Engine and vehicle concepts and techniques . 12
7.1 Summary points . 12
7.2 Current and future constraints for an E10+ petrol . 13
7.2.1 Existing Euro 6 and CO legislative roadmap . 13
7.2.2 Recommendations for new vehicle concepts . 13
7.2.3 Engine calibration potential . 14
7.2.4 Potential for new pollutants in legislation. 14
7.2.5 Impact on vehicle and fuel system components . 14
7.2.6 Higher consumption . 15
7.3 Opportunities for an E10+ petrol . 15
7.3.1 Helping reduce pollutant emissions and CO . 15
7.3.2 Current cars . 16
7.4 High oxygenate fuel combustibility determination (RON/MON) for an E10+ petrol . 16
7.4.1 RON-MON relationship . 16
7.4.2 RON-MON impact with higher oxygenates . 19
7.4.3 RON-MON needs for higher oxygenate-containing fuels . 20
7.5 Driveability (volatility descriptors) for an E10+ petrol . 20
7.5.1 General . 20
7.5.2 Vapour pressure . 20
7.5.3 Distillation . 21
7.5.4 Other parameters/tests . 21
7.6 Oxygenate compounds for an E10+ petrol . 23
7.7 Other factors . 23
7.8 Possible studies . 23
8 Refinery, blender and logistics . 24
8.1 Scope of current and future constraints and opportunities . 24
8.2 Refining related matters . 24
8.2.1 Ethanol . 24
8.2.2 Ethers (ETBE and MTBE) . 27
8.3 Blending ethanol and ethers. 28
8.3.1 General . 28
8.3.2 Refinery blending of ethanol . 29
8.3.3 Terminal blending of ethanol .2 9
8.4 Distribution and service station issues .2 9
8.4.1 Climatic conditions, seasonal grade management/changeover processes . 29
8.4.2 Water handling .2 9
8.4.3 Housekeeping - Water management, tank draining, disposal of water drains and
microbiological growth .3 1
8.4.4 Materials compatibility .3 1
8.4.5 Vapour recovery systems .3 8
8.5 Logistics .3 8
8.5.1 Transport of ethanol and oxygenate blends .3 8
8.5.2 Co-mingling of different grades in terminals, service stations and vehicles . 39
8.5.3 Management of off-grade product . 39
8.5.4 Number of Mogas grades .3 9
8.6 Safety and fire fighting measures .3 9
8.6.1 Safe handling .3 9
8.6.2 Surface spills and leaks .3 9
8.6.3 Fire protection and fire-fighting agents for fires involving ethanol/petrol blends . 39
8.6.4 Storage .4 0
8.6.5 Sources of ignition .4 0
8.7 Regulatory requirements .4 0
9 Test methods .4 1
9.1 Introduction .4 1
9.2 Current petrol fuel requirements .4 1
9.2.1 General .4 1
9.2.2 Sulfur .4 1
9.2.3 Manganese.4 2
9.2.4 Lead .4 2
9.2.5 RON/MON .4 3
9.2.6 Density .4 3
9.2.7 Oxidation stability .4 3
9.2.8 Gum .4 3
9.2.9 Copper strip corrosion .4 4
9.2.10 Hydrocarbons (olefins and aromatics) .4 4
9.2.11 Oxygen and oxygenates .4 4
9.2.12 Benzene .4 5
9.2.13 Vapour pressure .4 5
9.2.14 Distillation .4 6
9.2.15 Sampling .4 6
9.3 Potential new petrol fuel requirements .
...

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