prEN 1459-1

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-julij-2026
Tovornjaki za neravne terene - Varnostne zahteve in preverjanje - 1. del:
Tovornjaki z variabilnim dosegom
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and verification - Part 1: Variable-reach
trucks
Geländegängige Stapler - Sicherheitstechnische Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil
1: Stapler mit veränderlicher Reichweite
Chariots tout-terrain - Prescriptions de sécurité et vérification - Partie 1 : Chariots à
portée variable
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 1459-1
ICS:
53.060 Industrijski tovornjaki Industrial trucks
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
July 2026
ICS 53.060 Will supersede EN 1459-1:2025
English Version
Rough-terrain trucks - Safety requirements and
verification - Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
Chariots tout-terrain - Prescriptions de sécurité et Geländegängige Stapler - Sicherheitstechnische
vérification - Partie 1 : Chariots à portée variable Anforderungen und Verifizierung - Teil 1: Stapler mit
veränderlicher Reichweite
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 150.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2026 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 1459-1:2026 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 5
Introduction . 6
1 Scope . 7
2 Normative references . 8
3 Terms and definitions . 12
4 Safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 17
4.1 General. 17
4.1.1 Introduction . 17
4.1.2 Sharp edges and acute angles . 17
4.1.3 Stored energy components . 17
4.2 Starting/stopping of engine and moving machine . 17
4.2.1 Starting . 17
4.2.2 Switch-off device . 17
4.2.3 Unintended movement . 17
4.2.4 Uncontrolled motion . 18
4.2.5 Powered travel movement . 18
4.3 Brakes . 18
4.3.1 General. 18
4.3.2 Service brakes . 18
4.3.3 Parking brake . 18
4.4 Electrical and electronic systems . 19
4.4.1 General. 19
4.4.2 Degree of protection . 20
4.4.3 Identification of wiring . 21
4.4.4 Protection against electric shock . 21
4.4.5 Batteries . 21
4.5 Safety related parts of control systems . 21
4.5.1 General. 21
4.5.2 Software . 21
4.5.3 Protection against corruption . 22
4.6 Controls at the normal operating position . 22
4.6.1 General. 22
4.6.2 Differential locking . 23
4.6.3 Steering controls . 23
4.6.4 Load handling controls . 25
4.6.5 Multi-function controls . 26
4.6.6 Stabilizing device control . 26
4.6.7 Axle oscillation locking . 26
4.6.8 Brakes controls . 26
4.7 Power systems and accessories . 26
4.7.1 Exhaust system . 26
4.7.2 Cooling system . 27
4.7.3 Tanks and pressure vessels . 27
4.8 Stabilizing devices . 28
4.9 Design requirements for maintenance purposes . 28
4.9.1 General . 28
4.9.2 Boom support device . 29
4.9.3 Tiltable cab support device . 29
4.10 Systems for lifting, tilting and reaching . 29
4.10.1 Chains and wire ropes . 29
4.10.2 Hydraulic system . 30
4.10.3 Maximum load lowering speed . 31
4.10.4 Limitation of stroke . 31
4.10.5 Fork arms . 31
4.10.6 Attachment interface . 32
4.11 Normal operator’s position . 32
4.11.1 General requirements . 32
4.11.2 Operator’s manual storage . 32
4.11.3 Pipes and hoses . 32
4.11.4 Operator's station . 32
4.11.5 Operator's seat . 36
4.11.6 Control panels, and symbols on displays . 37
4.12 Operator access . 38
4.12.1 General requirements . 38
4.12.2 Operator’s station openings . 38
4.13 Protective measures and devices . 39
4.13.1 Hot parts . 39
4.13.2 Protection against crushing, shearing and trapping . 39
4.13.3 Guards . 39
4.13.4 Engine compartment . 39
4.13.5 Fenders . 40
4.13.6 ROPS and FOPS . 40
4.13.7 Audible warning devices . 40
4.14 Stability requirements . 40
4.15 Visibility . 40
4.16 Lighting . 40
4.17 Fire protection . 41
4.17.1 Fire resistance . 41
4.17.2 Fire extinguisher . 41
4.18 Retrieval, transportation and lifting . 41
4.18.1 General . 41
4.18.2 Retrieval . 41
4.18.3 Tying-down . 41
4.18.4 Lifting . 41
4.19 Structural calculations . 41
4.19.1 General . 41
4.19.2 Loads and forces . 42
4.19.3 Calculations . 42
4.20 Noise . 44
4.20.1 Noise emission reduction . 44
4.20.2 Emission sound pressure level at the normal operating position and sound power level 45
4.21 Electromagnetic radiation . 45
4.21.1 Electromagnetic emissions . 45
4.21.2 Electromagnetic immunity . 45
4.22 Towing . 45
5 Verification of safety requirements and/or protective/risk reduction measures . 46
5.1 General . 46
5.2 Functional verification . 46
5.3 Structural verification . 46
5.3.1 Test loads . 46
5.3.2 Static test . 46
5.3.3 Dynamic tests . 47
5.4 Load holding verification . 47
6 Information for use . 47
6.1 General. 47
6.2 Graphical symbols and warning . 48
6.2.1 Safety Signs and graphical symbols . 48
6.2.2 Graphical symbol of lift points . 48
6.2.3 Graphical symbol of tie-down points . 48
6.2.4 Graphical symbol of retrieval points . 49
6.2.5 Graphical symbol for pneumatic tyre inflation pressures . 49
6.2.6 Graphical symbol for fuel filling points . 49
6.2.7 Graphical symbol for hydraulic fluid filling points . 50
6.2.8 Graphical symbols for stored energy components . 50
6.2.9 Graphical symbol for brake fluid filling points . 51
6.2.10 Graphical symbol for battery disconnection . 52
6.2.11 Graphical symbol for the risk of contact with overhead powerlines . 52
6.2.12 Warnings . 53
6.3 Instructions for use . 53
6.3.1 General. 53
6.3.2 Operating and maintenance instructions . 54
6.4 Marking . 57
6.5 Load chart . 58
Annex A (informative) List of significant hazards . 60
Annex B (informative) Consistency of motions . 66
Annex C (normative) Rules for the construction and layout of pedals . 68
C.1 Terms and definitions . 68
C.2 Requirements . 68
C.2.1 General. 68
C.2.2 Service brake pedal . 69
C.2.3 Clutch pedal . 69
C.2.4 Accelerator pedal . 69
C.2.5 Inching pedal . 69
C.3 Design and manufacture . 69
Annex D (normative) Safety related parts of control systems. 72
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Regulation (EU) 2023/1230 aimed to be covered . 75
Bibliography . 79

European foreword
This document (prEN 1459-1:2026) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 150 “Industrial
Trucks - Safety”, the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 1459-1:2025.
In comparison with the previous edition, the following technical modifications have been made:
— addition of requirements for the operator restraint;
— addition of requirements for protection against corruption;
— additional requirements for safety functions;
— addition of requirements for visibility at height;
— addition of requirements for software;
— addition of requirements for towing.
EN 1459 consists of the following parts, under the general title Rough-terrain trucks — Safety
requirements and verification:
— Part 1: Variable-reach trucks
— Part 3: Interface between the variable-reach truck and the work platform
— Part 4: Additional requirements for variable-reach trucks handling suspended loads
— Part 5: Attachment interface
— Part 6: Application of EN ISO 13849-1 to slewing and non-slewing variable-reach rough-terrain truck
(technical report)
— Part 7: Electrification
— Part 9: Variable-reach trucks equipped with work platforms having a frontguard that can be opened
This document has been prepared under a standardization request given to CEN by the European
Commission. The Standing Committee of the EFTA States subsequently approves these requests for its
Member States.
For the relationship with EU Legislation, see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of this
document.
Introduction
This document covers general safety requirements and the means for verification of these requirements
for rough-terrain variable-reach trucks.
All quantities are in SI units, and this includes metric units.
This document is a type C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010.
This document is of relevance, in particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market
players with regard to machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises);
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document.
The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events are
covered are indicated in the scope of this document.
When provisions of this type C standard are different from those which are stated in type A or B
standards, the provisions of this type C standard take precedence over the provisions of the other
standards, for machines that have been designed and built according to the provisions of this type C
standard.
1 Scope
This document specifies the safety requirements of self-propelled rough-terrain variable-reach trucks
(hereafter referred to as trucks), intended to handle loads, equipped with a telescopic lifting means
(pivoted boom), on which a load handling device (e.g. carriage and fork arms) is fitted.
For the purpose of this document, rough-terrain variable-reach trucks are designed to transport, lift and
place loads and can be driven on unimproved terrain.
Fork arms are considered to be part of the truck. Trucks can also be equipped with a variety of
attachments (e.g. bale spikes, mowers, sweepers).
This document deals with all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the
trucks when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable
by the manufacturer (see Annex A).
This document does not apply to:
— slewing rough-terrain variable-reach trucks covered by EN 1459-2:2015+A1:2018;
— rough-terrain variable-reach tractors covered by prEN 17968:2025;
— industrial variable reach trucks covered by EN ISO 3691-2:2023;
— lorry-mounted variable-reach trucks covered by ISO 20297-1:2017;
— variable-reach trucks fitted with tilting or elevating operator position;
— mobile cranes covered by EN 13000:2010+A1:2014;
— machines designed primarily for earth moving, even if their buckets and blades are replaced with
forks (see EN 474 series);
— trucks designed primarily with variable length load suspension elements (e.g. chain, ropes) from
which the load may swing freely in all directions;
— trucks designed primarily for container handling;
— trucks on tracks;
— trucks with articulated chassis;
— attachments.
This document does not cover sales literature.
This document does not address hazards linked to:
— operation of the truck from a position other than the normal operating position;
— operation of the truck by a remote control;
— gas power systems;
— gasoline engine systems;
— autonomous functions;
— self-evolving behaviour;
— hybrid or battery power systems having a voltage greater than 32 V DC or 21 V AC r.m.s.
NOTE EN 1459-7:2026 deals with hybrid and battery power systems having a voltage greater than 32 V DC or
21 V AC r.m.s.
This document does not address hazards which may occur:
a) when handling suspended loads which may swing freely (additional requirements are given in
EN 1459-4:2020+A1:2025);
b) when using trucks on public roads;
c) when operating in potentially explosive atmospheres (additional requirements are given in
EN 1755:2024);
d) when operating underground;
e) when fitted with a personnel work platform (additional requirements are given in EN 1459-3:2015
and EN 1459-9:2021);
f) when using system capable of controlling the speed of the truck as set by the operator (cruise-
control).
This document is not applicable to trucks manufactured before the date of its publication.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 1032:2003+A1:2008, Mechanical vibration — Testing of mobile machinery in order to determine the
vibration emission value
EN 1459-5:2020+A1:2025, Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 5:
Attachment interface
EN 12053:2001+A1:2008, Safety of industrial trucks — Test methods for measuring noise emissions
EN 12895:2015+A1:2019, Industrial trucks — Electromagnetic compatibility
EN 13059:2002+A1:2008, Safety of industrial trucks — Test methods for measuring vibration
EN 15000:2008, Safety of industrial trucks — Self propelled variable reach trucks — Specification,
performance and test requirements for longitudinal load moment indicators and longitudinal load moment
limiters
EN 15830:2012, Rough-terrain variable reach trucks — Visibility — Test methods and verification
prEN 50742:2025, Protection against corruption
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery — Electrical equipment of machines — General requirements (IEC
60204-1:2016)
EN 60529:1991, Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529:1989)
EN IEC 62061:2021, Safety of machinery — Functional safety of safety-related control systems
(IEC 62061:2021)
EN ISO 2860:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Minimum access dimensions (ISO 2860:1992)
EN ISO 2867:2011, Earth-moving machinery — Access systems (ISO 2867:2011)
EN ISO 3449:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Falling-object protective structures — Laboratory tests
and performance requirements (ISO 3449:2005)
EN ISO 3457:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Guards — Definitions and requirements (ISO 3457:2003)
EN ISO 3471:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Roll-over protective structures — Laboratory tests and
performance requirements (ISO 3471:2008)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power — General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 5353:1998, Earth-moving machinery, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry —
Seat index point (ISO 5353:1995)
EN ISO 6682:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Zones of comfort and reach for controls (ISO 6682:1986,
including Amd 1:1989)
EN ISO 6683:2025, Earth-moving machinery — Seat belts and seat belt anchorages — Performance
requirements and tests (ISO 6683:2025)
EN ISO 7096:2020, Earth-moving machinery — Laboratory evaluation of operator seat vibration
(ISO 7096:2020)
EN ISO 11688-1:2009, Acoustics — Recommended practice for the design of low-noise machinery and
equipment — Part 1: Planning (ISO/TR 11688-1:1995)
EN ISO 12100:2010, Safety of machinery — General principles for design — Risk assessment and risk
reduction (ISO 12100:2010)
EN ISO 13766-1:2018, Earth-moving and building construction machinery — Electromagnetic
compatibility (EMC) of machines with internal electrical power supply — Part 1: General EMC requirements
under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions (ISO 13766-1:2018)

This reference is impacted by the following amendment: EN 60204-1:2018/A1:2025.
This reference is impacted by the following amendments/corrigenda’s:
EN 60529:1991/A1:2000
EN 60529:1991/A2:2013
EN 60529:1991/AC:2016-12
EN 60529:1991/corrigendum May 1993
This reference is impacted by the following amendment: EN IEC 62061:2021/A1:2024.
EN ISO 13849-1:2023, Safety of machinery — Safety-related parts of control systems — Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2023)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery — Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by
upper and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
prEN ISO 24882:2026, Agricultural machinery, tractors, and earth-moving machinery — Product
cybersecurity (ISO/DIS 24882:2025)
ISO 2328:2011, Fork-lift trucks — Hook-on type fork arms and fork arm carriages — Mounting dimensions
ISO 2330:2002, Fork-lift trucks — Fork arms — Technical characteristics and testing
ISO 3767-1:2016, Tractors, machinery for agriculture and forestry, powered lawn and garden equipment
— Symbols for operator controls and other displays — Part 1: Common symbols
ISO 3795:1989, Road vehicles, and tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry — Determination of
burning behaviour of interior materials
ISO 3864-1:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 1: Design principles for safety
signs and safety markings
ISO 3864-2:2016, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 2: Design principles for
product safety labels
ISO 3864-3:2024, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 3: Design principles for
graphical symbols for use in safety signs
ISO 3864-4:2011, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Part 4: Colorimetric and
photometric properties of safety sign materials
ISO 5053-1:2020, Industrial trucks — Vocabulary — Part 1: Types of industrial trucks
ISO 6011:2023, Earth-moving machinery — Visual display of machine operation
ISO 6292:2020, Powered industrial trucks and tractors — Brake performance and component strength
ISO 7000:2019, Graphical symbols for use on equipment — Registered symbols
ISO 7010:2019, Graphical symbols — Safety colours and safety signs — Registered safety signs

This reference is impacted by the following amendment: ISO 3767-1:2016/Amd 1:2020
This reference is impacted by the following amendment:
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 1:2020
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 2:2020
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 3:2021
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 4:2021
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 5:2022
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 6:2022
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 7:2023
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 8:2024
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 9:2025
ISO 7010:2019/Amd 10:2025
ISO 9244:2008, Earth-moving machinery — Machine safety labels — General principles
ISO 9533:2010, Earth-moving machinery — Machine-mounted audible travel alarms and forward horns —
Test methods and performance criteria
ISO 10263-2:2009, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 2: Air filter
element test method
ISO 10263-3:2009, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 3: Pressurization
test method
ISO 10263-4:2009, Earth-moving machinery — Operator enclosure environment — Part 4: Heating,
ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) test method and performance
ISO 10896-8:2024, Rough-terrain trucks — Safety requirements and verification — Part 8: Requirements
for trucks designed for towing
ISO 11112:1995, Earth-moving machinery — Operator’s seat — Dimensions and requirements
ISO 12508:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Operator station and maintenance areas — Bluntness of
edges
ISO 12509:2023, Earth-moving machinery and rough-terrain trucks — Lighting, signalling and marking
lights, and reflex reflectors
ISO 13333:1994, Earth-moving machinery — Dumper body support and operator's cab tilt support devices
ISO 15818:2017, Earth-moving machinery — Lifting and tying-down attachment points — Performance
requirements
ISO 15870:2000, Powered industrial trucks — Safety signs and hazard pictorials — General principles
ISO 16528-1:2007, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 1: Performance requirements
ISO 16528-2:2007, Boilers and pressure vessels — Part 2: Procedures for fulfilling the requirements of
ISO 16528-1
ISO 21507:2010, Earth-moving machinery — Performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks
ISO 22915-10:2023, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 10: Additional stability test for
trucks operating in the special condition of stacking with load laterally displaced by powered devices
ISO 22915-14:2010, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 14: Rough-terrain variable-reach
trucks
ISO 22915-20:2023, Industrial trucks — Verification of stability — Part 20: Additional stability test for
trucks operating in the special condition of offset load, offset by utilization

ISO 7010:2019/Amd 11:2026
This reference is impacted by the following amendment: ISO 9244:2008/Amd 1:2016
This reference is impacted by the following amendment : ISO 11112:1995/Amd 1:2001
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN ISO 12100:2010, ISO 5053-
1:2020 and the following apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
rough-terrain variable-reach truck
variable-reach truck intended primarily for operation on unimproved natural terrain and on the
disturbed terrain of, for example, construction site
[SOURCE: ISO 5053-1:2020, 3.21]
3.2
variable-reach truck
lift truck fitted with one or more articulated arms, telescopic or not, non-slewing or having a slewing
movement of not more than 5° either side of the longitudinal axis of the truck used for stacking loads
[SOURCE: ISO 5053-1:2020, 3.20]
Note 1 to entry: See Figure 1.

Figure 1 — Variable-reach truck
3.3
compact truck
truck having a maximum height in normal travel mode of 2 200 mm and at least one of the following
conditions:
— a maximum operating mass of 7 000 kg;
— a maximum width in normal travel mode of 2 000 mm
Note 1 to entry: These dimensions do not include equipment such as working lights, mirrors, etc.
Note 2 to entry: If different tyre sizes are available for the truck, these values include the tyres size providing for
the minimum track width.
3.4
actual capacity
Q
maximum load, established by the manufacturer based on components strength and truck stability, that
the truck can carry, lift and stack to a specified height, at a specified standard load centre distance and
reach, in normal operating conditions
Note 1 to entry: The actual capacity depends on the configuration of the truck in terms of such variables as:
— lift height;
— reach of the boom;
— standard load centre distance;
— load handling device (fork arms or attachment fitted);
— stabilizing devices.
Note 2 to entry: This actual capacity defines the load handling ability of the particular truck as equipped. Additional
actual capacity ratings with removable attachments may also be established where permitted by the appropriate
stability test or by calculation verified by empirical data.
3.5
rated capacity
Q1
maximum load permitted by the manufacturer at the standard load centre distance (D) that the truck is
capable of lifting and transporting on fork arms in normal conditions with the boom fully retracted
3.6
reach
d
distance between two vertical parallel planes, one plane tangent to the front of the outside diameter of
the front tyres, the other plane described by the vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity of the load to
the ground
Note 1 to entry: The centre-of-gravity of the load (G) is defined in Table 1.
Note 2 to entry: See Figure 2 for examples of reach.
Note 3 to entry: For practical matters, d can be measured referring to point g, being g the vertical projection of the
centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork arms.
Key
d reach
D standard load centre distance
G centre of gravity of the load
g the vertical projection of the centre-of-gravity (G) of the load onto the plane of the top surface of the fork
arms
H height of the load
Q actual capacity
Q1 rated capacity
Q2 actual capacity at maximum height or elevation
Q3 actual capacity at maximum reach
Figure 2 — Parameters for the designation of the actual capacity of the truck with fork
3.7
lift height
H
vertical dis
...