Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles

1.1   This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of micropiles.
They are for drilled piles constructed using a drilling tool with a diameter less than 300 mm.
NOTE 1   This European Standard is not applicable to driven piles, the execution of which is governed by EN 12699.
NOTE 2   For a definition of shaft diameter see 3.3.
1.2   Micropiles are structural members to transfer actions to the ground and can contain bearing elements to transfer directly or indirectly loads and or to limit deformations. For examples of micropiles see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. Their shaft and base resistance can be improved (mostly by grouting) and they can be constructed with (see Figure 4):
-   uniform cross section (straight shaft); or
-   telescopically changing shaft dimensions;
-   shaft enlargements; and/or
-   base enlargement.
1.3   Other than practical considerations, there are no limitations regarding, length, inclination (definition of inclination, see Figure 5), slenderness ratio or shaft and base enlargements.
1.4   The provisions of this European Standard apply to (see Figure 6):
-   single micropiles;
-   micropile groups;
-   reticulated micropiles;
-   micropile walls.
1.5   The material of micropiles covered by this European Standard can be:
-   steel or other reinforcement materials;
-   grout, mortar or concrete;
-   a combination of above.
1.6   Micropiles can be used for:
-   working under restricted access and/or headroom conditions;
-   foundations of new structures (particularly in very heterogeneous soil or rock formations);
-   reinforcing or strengthening of existing structures to increase the capacity to transfer load to depth with acceptable load settlement characteristics, e.g. underpinning works;
-   reducing settlements and/or displacements;
-   forming a retaining wall;
-   reinforcing of soil to form a bearing and/or retaining structure;
-   improving slope stability;
-   securing against uplift;
-   other applications where micropile techniques are appropriate.
1.7   Deep mixing columns according to EN 14679 are not included in this European Standard. Columns constructed by jet grouting are covered by EN 12716. Ground anchors are covered by EN 1537.

Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Mikropfähle

1.1   Diese Europäische Norm legt allgemeine Grundlagen für die Herstellung von Mikropfählen fest.
Die Grundlagen gelten für gebohrte Pfähle, für deren Herstellung ein Bohrwerkzeug mit einem Durchmesser kleiner als 300 mm verwendet wird.
ANMERKUNG 1   Diese Europäische Norm gilt nicht für Verdrängungspfähle, deren Herstellung in EN 12699 festgelegt ist.
ANMERKUNG 2   Definition Pfahldurchmesser, siehe 3.3.
1.2   Mit Hilfe von Mikropfählen werden Kräfte in den Baugrund eingeleitet. Sie können Tragglieder beinhalten, um direkte oder indirekte Lasten abzuführen und/oder um Verformungen zu begrenzen. Beispiele für Mikropfähle, siehe Bild 1, Bild 2 und Bild 3. Mantel- und Fußwiderstand von Mikropfählen können durch Verpressen erhöht werden. Bei der Herstellung kann auf verschiedene Konstruktionsformen zurückgegriffen werden (siehe Bild 4):
   einheitlicher Querschnitt auf gesamter Länge; oder
   teleskopartige Querschnittsänderung;
   Schaftaufweitungen und/oder
   Fußaufweitung.
1.3   Außer aufgrund ausführungstechnischer Zwänge bestehen keine Beschränkungen hinsichtlich Länge, Neigung (Definition Neigung, siehe Bild 5), Schlankheitsgrad oder Schaft- bzw. Fußaufweitungen.
1.4   Die Bestimmungen in dieser Europäischen Norm gelten für (siehe Bild 6):
   einzelne Mikropfähle;
   Gruppen von Mikropfählen;
   Netzwerke von Mikropfähle;
   Wände aus Mikropfählen.
1.5   Die in dieser Europäischen Norm erfassten Mikropfähle können aus folgenden Materialien bestehen:
   Stahl oder anderen Bewehrungsmaterialien;
   Verpressmörtel, Zementmörtel/Feinkornbeton oder Beton;
   einer Kombination der oben genannten Materialien.
1.6   Mikropfähle können eingesetzt werden:
   für Arbeiten unter schwer zugänglichen und/oder beengten räumlichen Bedingungen;
   für Gründungen neuer Tragwerke (besonders in sehr heterogenen Boden  oder Felsformationen);
   als Bewehrung oder Verstärkung bestehender Tragwerke zur Erhöhung der Tragfähigkeit, um Lasten unter der Maßgabe verträglicher Setzungen in den Baugrund abzuleiten, z. B. für Unterfangungen;
   um Setzungen und/oder Verschiebungen zu verringern;
   um eine Stützwand herzustellen;
   als Baugrundbewehrung, um Trag- und/oder Stützkörper herzustellen;
   um die Standsicherheit von Geländesprüngen bzw. Böschungen zu verbessern;
   zur Sicherung gegen Aufschwimmen;
   für andere Anwendungen, für die der Einsatz von Mikropfählen geeignet ist.
1.7   Die vorliegende Europäische Norm gilt nicht für tiefreichende Bodenstabilisierungen nach EN 14679. Mit Hilfe des Düsenstrahlverfahrens hergestellte Säulen werden durch EN 12716 abgedeckt, Verpressanker durch EN 1537.

Execution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Micropieux

1.1   Cette norme européenne établit les principes généraux pour l'exécution des micropieux.
Il s'applique aux pieux forés exécutés à l'aide d'un outil de forage d'un diamètre inférieur à 300 mm.
NOTE 1   Cette norme européenne ne s'applique pas aux pieux foncés dont l'exécution est traitée dans l'EN 12699.
NOTE 2   Voir 3.3 pour la définition du diamètre de fût.
1.2   Les micropieux sont des structures destinées à transférer des actions au terrain. Ils peuvent contenir des éléments porteurs pour transférer directement ou non les charges et/ou pour limiter leurs déformations. Voir Figure 1, Figure 2 et Figure 3 pour des exemples de micropieux. Leur résistance par frottement sur le fût et leur résistance de pointe peuvent être améliorées (en général par injection) et ils peuvent être réalisés avec (voir Figure 4) :
-   un fût de section transversale uniforme (fût rectiligne) ; ou
-   un fût avec des sections transversales variables ;
-   des élargissements du fût ; et/ou
-   un élargissement de la base.
1.3   En dehors de considérations d'ordre pratique, il n'y a pas de limitation concernant les élargissements du fût ou de la base, la longueur, l'inclinaison ou l'élancement des micropieux (voir Figure 5 pour la définition de l'inclinaison).
1.4   Les dispositions de cette norme européenne s'appliquent (voir Figure 6) :
-   aux micropieux isolés ;
-   aux groupes de micropieux ;
-   aux réseaux de micropieux ;
-   aux parois de micropieux.
1.5   Les matériaux constitutifs des micropieux couverts par cette norme européenne peuvent être :
-   l'acier ou d'autres matériaux d'armature ;
-   du coulis, du mortier ou du béton ;
-   une combinaison des matériaux ci-dessus.
1.6   Les micropieux peuvent être utilisés :
-   pour la réalisation de travaux dans des conditions d'accès et/ou de hauteur réduite ;
-   comme fondation de structures nouvelles (en particulier dans des conditions de sols très hétérogènes ou dans des formations rocheuses) ;
-   pour renforcer ou consolider des structures existantes en augmentant leur capacité à transférer des charges en profondeur avec des tassements acceptables, comme par exemple dans le cas des reprises en sous-œuvre ;
-   pour limiter les tassements et/ou les déplacements ;
-   pour construire une paroi de soutènement ;
-   pour renforcer des terrains en réalisant une structure porteuse et/ou un ouvrage de soutènement ;
-   pour améliorer la stabilité d'une pente ;
-   pour s'opposer à des soulèvements ;
-   pour d'autres applications pour lesquelles la technique des micropieux est appropriée.
1.7   Les colonnes de sols traités au sens de l’EN14679 ne sont pas couvertes par cette norme européenne. Les colonnes de sol-ciment réalisées par jet relèvent de l'EN 12716. Les tirants d'ancrage relèvent de l'EN 1537.

Izvedba posebnih geotehničnih del - Mikropiloti

1.1 Ta dokument določa splošna načela za izvedbo mikropilotov.
Veljajo za:
– uvrtane pilote, konstruirane z uporabo vrtalnega orodja s premerom manjšim od 300 mm;
OPOMBA 1 Ta dokument ne velja za zabite pilote, katerih izvedbo ureja standard EN 12699.
OPOMBA 2 Za definicijo premera gredi glej 3.3.
1.2 Mikropiloti so strukturni člani za prenos dejanj na tla in lahko vsebujejo ležajne elemente za neposreden ali posreden prenos bremen in omejevanje deformacij. Za primere mikropilotov glej slike 1–3. Odpornost gredi in podnožja je mogoče izboljšati (večinoma z nanašanjem malte); možna so naslednje konstrukcije (glej sliko 4):
– enakomeren prečni prerez (ravna gred); ali
– teleskopsko nastavljive mere gredi;
˜– povečanje gredi; in/ali
– povečanje podnožja.
1.3 Z izjemo praktičnih razlogov ni omejitev glede dolžine, naklona (definicija naklona, glej sliko 5), koeficienta vitkosti ali povečanja gredi ali podnožja.
1.4 Določila dokumenta veljajo za (glej sliko 6):
˜– posamezne mikropilote;
– skupine mikropilotov;
˜– mrežaste mikropilote;
– mikropilotne stene.
1.5 Material za mikropilote, zajet s tem dokumentom, je lahko:
– jeklo ali drug material za ojačitev;
– injekcijska masa, malta ali beton;
– kombinacija zgoraj navedenega.
1.6 Mikropiloti se lahko uporabljajo za:
– delo z omejenim dostopom in/ali omejenim prostorom nad glavo;
– temelje za nove strukture (zlasti pri zelo heterogenih tleh ali kamnitih formacijah);
– utrjevanje ali okrepitev obstoječih struktur za povečanje zmogljivosti za prenos bremen v globino s sprejemljivimi značilnostmi izravnave pogrezanja, npr. krepitev temeljev;
– zmanjševanje pogrezanja in/ali premikanja;
– oblikovanje opornih zidov;
– okrepitev tal za oblikovanje podporne in/ali oporne strukture;
– izboljšanje stabilnosti pobočja;
– varovanje proti dvigu;
– druge aplikacije, za katere so primerne tehnike mikropilotov.
1.7 Stebri »mixed-in-place« (mešanica zemljine in cementa) niso vključeni v ta dokument. Stebri, izdelani z brizganjem malte, so zajeti v standardu EN 12716. Zemeljska sidra so zajeta v standardu EN 1537.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
19-May-2015
Withdrawal Date
29-Nov-2015
ICS
93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works
Technical Committee
CEN/TC 288 - Execution of special geotechnical works
Drafting Committee
CEN/TC 288/WG 16 - Displacement piles - Micropiles
Current Stage
9092 - Decision on results of review/2YR ENQ - revise - Review Enquiry
Start Date
13-Sep-2021
Completion Date
14-Apr-2025
Ref Project
SIST EN 14199:2015 - Execution of special geotechnical work - Micropiles

Relations

Replaces
EN 14199:2005 - Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles
Effective Date
28-Jun-2010

Overview

EN 14199:2015 - Execution of special geotechnical work: Micropiles - is a European standard that establishes general principles for the execution of drilled micropiles (shaft diameter < 300 mm). It defines the scope, materials, execution methods, testing, monitoring and record-keeping needed to safely transfer loads to ground using micropile techniques. The standard applies to single micropiles, micropile groups, reticulated systems and micropile walls and covers installations with grout, mortar or concrete and steel or alternative reinforcement.

Key technical topics and requirements

  • Scope and definitions
    • Micropiles are drilled, grouted or concreted structural members used to transfer actions to the ground. (Diameter < 300 mm.)
    • Driven piles, deep-mixing columns and ground anchors are excluded (see related standards below).
  • Geotechnical investigation
    • Site-specific subsurface information is required to plan drilling, grout interaction and load transfer.
  • Materials and components
    • Acceptable materials include steel reinforcement/load-bearing elements, grout/mortar/concrete, spacers, centralisers and corrosion protection systems.
  • Design and construction tolerances
    • Guidance on geometrical tolerances, spacing, inclination and enlargements (shaft or base) is provided.
  • Drilling and installation
    • Execution techniques for bored holes, temporary casings, segmental augers and multi-stage drilling are described.
    • Grouting procedures (pregrouting, grouting during drilling, filling through casings or through load-bearing elements) are covered.
  • Testing, monitoring and records
    • Static and dynamic load tests, low-strain integrity tests and construction monitoring requirements are specified.
    • Detailed record-keeping and reporting of installation parameters, tests and as-built information are required.
  • Durability and corrosion protection
    • Requirements for corrosion protection of steel elements and minimum covers for cast-in-place components are included.

Practical applications and users

Micropiles are suited for:

  • Restricted access or low-headroom sites
  • Foundations in highly heterogeneous soils or rock
  • Underpinning and structural strengthening
  • Settlement reduction and displacement control
  • Retaining walls, slope stabilization and uplift resistance

Primary users of this standard:

  • Geotechnical and structural engineers (design & specification)
  • Specialist contractors and site supervisors (execution)
  • Testing laboratories and inspection bodies (acceptance testing)
  • Clients, asset owners and procurement professionals specifying micropile works

Related standards

  • EN 12699 - driven piles (excluded from EN 14199)
  • EN 14679 - deep mixing columns (not covered)
  • EN 12716 - jet grouting (covered by separate standard)
  • EN 1537 - ground anchors
  • EN 1997-1 - geotechnical design principles

EN 14199:2015 provides practical, harmonized guidance for safe and verifiable micropile execution across Europe, helping practitioners ensure consistent quality in geotechnical construction and foundation strengthening projects.

Frequently Asked Questions

EN 14199:2015 is a standard published by the European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Its full title is "Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles". This standard covers: 1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of micropiles. They are for drilled piles constructed using a drilling tool with a diameter less than 300 mm. NOTE 1 This European Standard is not applicable to driven piles, the execution of which is governed by EN 12699. NOTE 2 For a definition of shaft diameter see 3.3. 1.2 Micropiles are structural members to transfer actions to the ground and can contain bearing elements to transfer directly or indirectly loads and or to limit deformations. For examples of micropiles see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. Their shaft and base resistance can be improved (mostly by grouting) and they can be constructed with (see Figure 4): - uniform cross section (straight shaft); or - telescopically changing shaft dimensions; - shaft enlargements; and/or - base enlargement. 1.3 Other than practical considerations, there are no limitations regarding, length, inclination (definition of inclination, see Figure 5), slenderness ratio or shaft and base enlargements. 1.4 The provisions of this European Standard apply to (see Figure 6): - single micropiles; - micropile groups; - reticulated micropiles; - micropile walls. 1.5 The material of micropiles covered by this European Standard can be: - steel or other reinforcement materials; - grout, mortar or concrete; - a combination of above. 1.6 Micropiles can be used for: - working under restricted access and/or headroom conditions; - foundations of new structures (particularly in very heterogeneous soil or rock formations); - reinforcing or strengthening of existing structures to increase the capacity to transfer load to depth with acceptable load settlement characteristics, e.g. underpinning works; - reducing settlements and/or displacements; - forming a retaining wall; - reinforcing of soil to form a bearing and/or retaining structure; - improving slope stability; - securing against uplift; - other applications where micropile techniques are appropriate. 1.7 Deep mixing columns according to EN 14679 are not included in this European Standard. Columns constructed by jet grouting are covered by EN 12716. Ground anchors are covered by EN 1537.

1.1 This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of micropiles. They are for drilled piles constructed using a drilling tool with a diameter less than 300 mm. NOTE 1 This European Standard is not applicable to driven piles, the execution of which is governed by EN 12699. NOTE 2 For a definition of shaft diameter see 3.3. 1.2 Micropiles are structural members to transfer actions to the ground and can contain bearing elements to transfer directly or indirectly loads and or to limit deformations. For examples of micropiles see Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3. Their shaft and base resistance can be improved (mostly by grouting) and they can be constructed with (see Figure 4): - uniform cross section (straight shaft); or - telescopically changing shaft dimensions; - shaft enlargements; and/or - base enlargement. 1.3 Other than practical considerations, there are no limitations regarding, length, inclination (definition of inclination, see Figure 5), slenderness ratio or shaft and base enlargements. 1.4 The provisions of this European Standard apply to (see Figure 6): - single micropiles; - micropile groups; - reticulated micropiles; - micropile walls. 1.5 The material of micropiles covered by this European Standard can be: - steel or other reinforcement materials; - grout, mortar or concrete; - a combination of above. 1.6 Micropiles can be used for: - working under restricted access and/or headroom conditions; - foundations of new structures (particularly in very heterogeneous soil or rock formations); - reinforcing or strengthening of existing structures to increase the capacity to transfer load to depth with acceptable load settlement characteristics, e.g. underpinning works; - reducing settlements and/or displacements; - forming a retaining wall; - reinforcing of soil to form a bearing and/or retaining structure; - improving slope stability; - securing against uplift; - other applications where micropile techniques are appropriate. 1.7 Deep mixing columns according to EN 14679 are not included in this European Standard. Columns constructed by jet grouting are covered by EN 12716. Ground anchors are covered by EN 1537.

EN 14199:2015 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 93.020 - Earthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground works. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

EN 14199:2015 has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to EN 14199:2005. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

You can purchase EN 14199:2015 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of CEN standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Ausführung von besonderen geotechnischen Arbeiten (Spezialtiefbau) - Pfähle mit kleinen Durchmessern (Mikropfähle)Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - MicropieuxExecution of special geotechnical work - Micropiles93.020Zemeljska dela. Izkopavanja. Gradnja temeljev. Dela pod zemljoEarthworks. Excavations. Foundation construction. Underground worksICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14199:2015SIST EN 14199:2015en,fr,de01-september-2015SIST EN 14199:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST EN 14199:20051DGRPHãþD

EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 14199
May 2015 ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 14199:2005English Version
Execution of special geotechnical works - Micropiles
Exécution des travaux géotechniques spéciaux - Micropieux Ausführung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Mikropfähle This European Standard was approved by CEN on 12 March 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 14199:2015 ESIST EN 14199:2015

Execution methods of micropiles . 51 Annex B (informative)
Guidance on minimum cover (in mm) for bearing element of low strength steel for cast in situ micropiles . 52 Annex C (informative)
Borehole testing and pregrouting . 53 Annex D (informative)
Guideline for a record for micropiles . 54 Annex E (informative)
Degree of obligation of the provisions . 55 Bibliography . 62
 sections describing concrete and testing have been minimised;  EN 14199:2015 has been harmonized with EN 1536. The general scope of CEN/TC 288 is the standardization of the execution procedures for geotechnical works, including testing and control methods, and the required material properties. WG 16 has been charged with the subject area of micropiles. This document has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1. Clause 7 of this Standard covers design aspects of micropiles. According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 14199:2015

special anchorage or doweling of micropiles to underlying rock; — special reinforcement such as the use of steel tubes, steel cores or sections or of steel fibres; — grouting of micropile shafts or bases. 4.3 List of activities Design and execution should include the following activities: NOTE The order shown does not necessarily represent a time sequence. a) assessment of the design assumptions with respect to the site investigation data and construction feasibility; b) execution of preliminary or trial micropiles and of the tests on these micropiles; c) evaluation of the results obtained from preliminary and/or trial micropiles; d) definition of the construction sequence of a micropile taking account of c); e) directives regarding the construction sequence; f) instruction to all parties involved of key items in the design criteria to which special attention should be directed; g) specifications for monitoring the effects of micropile construction on underpinned and/or adjacent structures (type and accuracy of instruments, frequency of measurement) and for interpreting the results; h) definition of tolerable limits regarding the influence of micropile installation works on underpinned and/or adjacent structures; i) provision of construction drawings; j) specifications for control tests during execution and for micropile tests. 5 Geotechnical investigation 5.1 General 5.1.1 The geotechnical investigation shall fulfil the requirements of EN 1997 (all parts). 5.1.2 The depth and the extent of the geotechnical investigation should be sufficient to identify all ground formations and layers affecting the construction, to determine the relevant properties of the ground and to recognize the ground conditions (e.g. where end bearing is to be relied on, it should demonstrate that any possible founding stratum is not immediately underlain by a weaker stratum where there is a possibility of a punching failure or excessive movements). 5.1.3 Relevant experience of the execution of comparable foundation works under similar conditions and/or in the vicinity of the site should be taken into account when determining the extent of site investigation SIST EN 14199:2015

All material and products shall meet the requirements set in the respective European Standards, the provisions valid in the place of use and the provisions given in the project specification. 6.1.2 The sources of supply of all constituents shall be documented and shall not be changed without prior notification. 6.2 Reinforcement and load bearing elements 6.2.1 Steel for reinforcement 6.2.1.1 Steel bars for the reinforcement of micropiles shall comply with EN 10080 and EN 1992-1-1. 6.2.1.2 When selecting the type and grade of steel, attention shall be given to the assembly of reinforcement cages and the weldability requirements. 6.2.2 Steel for load bearing elements 6.2.2.1 The steel materials shall as a minimum comply with: — EN 1993-1; — EN 1993-5; — EN 10080 or prEN 10138-4 when bars are used; — EN 10210 or EN 10219 or EN ISO 11960 when hollow sections are used; — EN 10025, when hot rolled products (e.g. H-sections or steel core piles) are used. NOTE 1 Requirements on inspection documents can be found in EN 10204. NOTE 2 For reused material see EN 1993–5:2007, 3.1. 6.2.2.2 If the steel properties are altered due to the manufacturing procedure e.g. cold forming of steel, these values shall be tested for the finished product and documentation of guaranteed technical data be provided by the supplier at delivery. 6.2.2.3 When selecting the type and grade of steel, attention shall be given to weldability requirements when relevant. 6.2.2.4 Connecting elements shall not compromise the required capacity of the bearing element. SIST EN 14199:2015
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The article discusses the European Standard EN 14199:2015, which specifies general principles for the execution of micropiles. Micropiles are drilled piles with a diameter less than 300mm and can be used for various purposes such as transferring actions to the ground, limiting deformations, and reinforcing existing structures. The standard covers different types of micropiles, including single micropiles, micropile groups, reticulated micropiles, and micropile walls. The material used for micropiles can be steel or other reinforcement materials, grout, mortar, concrete, or a combination of these. Micropiles can be used in various applications, including restricted access conditions, foundation construction in heterogeneous soil or rock formations, underpinning works, reducing settlements or displacements, forming retaining walls, improving slope stability, securing against uplift, and other appropriate applications. The standard does not cover deep mixing columns, which are specified in EN 14679, jet grouting columns, covered by EN 12716, or ground anchors, covered by EN 1537.

記事タイトル：EN 14199:2015 - 特殊な土木工事の実施 - マイクロパイル 記事内容： 1.1 このヨーロッパ標準は、マイクロパイルの実施に関する一般的な原則を確立しています。これは、直径が300mm未満の掘削工具を使用して構築された掘削パイルに適用されます。 注1. このヨーロッパ標準は駆動パイルには適用されず、その実施はEN 12699によって規定されます。 注2. シャフト直径の定義については、3.3を参照してください。 1.2 マイクロパイルは、地盤への作用を伝達し、荷重を直接または間接的に伝達したり変形を制限する構造部材です。マイクロパイルの例については、図1、図2、図3を参照してください。シャフトとベースの抵抗は改善される場合があり（主にグラウティングによる）、それらは以下のように構築することができます（図4参照）： - 均一な断面（直線のシャフト）；または - 展開部分によるシャフトの寸法の変更； - シャフト拡大または - ベース拡大。 1.3 実用上の考慮事項以外に、長さ、傾斜（傾斜の定義については、図5を参照してください）、長細比やシャフトおよびベースの拡大に制限はありません。 1.4 このヨーロッパ標準の規定は以下に適用されます（図6参照）： - 単一のマイクロパイル； - マイクロパイルのグループ； - レチキュレーテッドマイクロパイル； - マイクロパイルウォール。 1.5 このヨーロッパ標準でカバーされるマイクロパイルの材料は次のとおりです： - 鋼やその他の補強材料； - グラウト、モルタルまたはコンクリート； - 上記の材料の組み合わせ。 1.6 マイクロパイルは、以下のような用途に使用することができます： - アクセスが制限された場所や高さ制限のある条件での作業； - 新しい構造物の基礎（特に非常に異質な土壌や岩盤の形成物において）； - 既存構造物の強化または補強により、荷重を深部に適切な沈下特性で転送する能力を増大させる作業、例えば下支え工事； - 沈下や変位の低減； - 土壁の形成； - 土壌の補強による軸受けおよび保持構造物の形成； - 傾斜安定性の向上； - 浮揚に対する確保； - マイクロパイル技術が適切な他の応用。 1.7 EN 14679によるディープミキシングカラムは、このヨーロッパ標準には含まれていません。ジェットグラウティングを用いて構築されたカラムはEN 12716によってカバーされています。地中アンカーはEN 1537によってカバーされています。

기사 제목: EN 14199:2015 - 특수 지반공학 작업의 실행 - 마이크로파일 기사 내용: 1.1 이 유럽 표준은 마이크로파일의 실행에 대한 일반적인 원칙을 제정합니다. 이는 직경이 300mm 미만인 드릴릿 공구를 사용하여 구성된 드릴링 파일에 대한 것입니다. 참고 1. 이 유럽 표준은 EN 12699가 규정하는 것처럼 접근 파일에는 적용되지 않습니다. 참고 2. 샤프트 직경의 정의는 3.3에서 확인하십시오. 1.2 마이크로파일은 작용을 지반에 전달하고 하중을 직접 또는 간접적으로 전달하거나 변형을 제한하는 것을 목적으로 하는 구조적 요소입니다. 마이크로파일의 예는 도면 1, 도면 2 및 도면 3을 참조하십시오. 그들의 샤프트와 베이스 저항은 개선될 수 있으며 (주로 그라우팅을 통해) 이들은 (도면 4 참조): - 균일한 횡단면 (직선 샤프트); 또는 - 텔레스코픽으로 변하는 샤프트 치수; - 샤프트 확장 또는 - 베이스 확장. 1.3 실용적인 고려 사항 이외에는 길이, 기울기 (기울기의 정의는 도면 5 참조), 날씬 비율 또는 샤프트 및 베이스 확장에 대한 제한이 없습니다. 1.4 이 유럽 표준의 규정은 (도면 6 참조): - 단일 마이크로파일; - 마이크로파일 그룹; - 격자 마이크로파일; - 마이크로파일 벽. 에 적용됩니다. 1.5 이 유럽 표준에서 다루는 마이크로파일의 재료는 다음과 같을 수 있습니다: - 강철 또는 기타 강화 재료; - 그라우트, 몰타르 또는 콘크리트; - 위의 재료의 조합. 1.6 마이크로파일은 다음과 같은 용도로 사용될 수 있습니다: - 제한된 접근 및/또는 높이 제한 조건에서 작동; - 새로운 구조물의 토대 (특히 매우 이질적인 토양 또는 암석 형성물에서); - 기존 구조물의 보강 또는 강화로 하중을 깊이로 전달하기 위한 용량을 증가시키는 작업, 예를 들어 하중 결함 조건의 안정화 작업; - 침하와/또는 변위 감소; - 보강벽 형성; - 토양의 보강으로 베어링과/또는 보강 구조물 형성; - 경사 안정화 개선; - 떠밀림 방지; - 마이크로파일 기법이 적합한 기타 용도. 1.7 EN 14679에 따라 깊은 혼합 칼럼은 이 유럽 표준에 포함되어 있지 않습니다. 제트 그라우팅에 의해 구성된 칼럼은 EN 12716에 포함됩니다. 지반 앵커는 EN 1537에 포함됩니다.

記事のタイトル：EN 14199:2015 - 特殊な地盤工事の実施 - マイクロパイル 記事内容：このヨーロッパ規格は、マイクロパイルの実施に関する一般的な原則を定めています。マイクロパイルは、直径300mm未満の掘削工具を使用して建設される掘削パイルです。 注1：このヨーロッパ規格は、EN 12699によって規定される打設パイルには適用されません。 注2：シャフト直径の定義については、3.3を参照してください。 マイクロパイルは、地盤に荷重を伝達する構造材料であり、直接または間接的に荷重を伝達したり変形を制限したりするためのベアリング要素を含むことができます。マイクロパイルの例については、図1、図2、図3を参照してください。シャフトとベースの抵抗は改善される場合があります（主に注入によって）し、以下のように構造することもあります（図4を参照してください）： -一定の断面（直線状のシャフト）または -望遠鏡式に変化するシャフトの寸法 -シャフトの拡大および/または -ベースの拡大。 長さ、傾斜（傾斜の定義については、図5を参照してください）、細長比、シャフトおよびベースの拡張に制限はありませんが、実用上の考慮事項を除いて制限はありません。 このヨーロッパ規格は、以下に適用されます（図6を参照してください）： -単一のマイクロパイル -マイクロパイルグループ -ネットワーク型マイクロパイル -マイクロパイル壁 このヨーロッパ規格でカバーされるマイクロパイルの材料は次のとおりです： -鋼材またはその他の補強材料 -グラウト、モルタルまたはコンクリート -上記の組み合わせ。 マイクロパイルは以下のような用途に使用することができます： -制限されたアクセスや天井の条件での作業 -新しい構造物の基礎（特に非常に異質な土壌または岩盤の形成物で） -既存の構造物の補強または強化し、荷重を深さまで伝達し、許容できる荷重沈下特性をもたらすための構造の作業、例えば補強工事 -沈下や変位を減らすこと -挟み込み壁の形成 -土壌を補強してベアリングおよび/または挟み込み構造物を形成すること -斜面の安定性を改善すること -持ち上げに対して保護すること -その他、マイクロパイル技術が適切な他の応用分野 深い混合カラムはEN 14679で規定され、ジェットグラウト造成カラムはEN 12716でカバーされています。地中アンカーはEN 1537でカバーされています。

The European Standard EN 14199:2015 establishes guidelines for the execution of micropiles, which are drilled piles with a diameter less than 300 mm. The standard does not apply to driven piles, which are covered by EN 12699. Micropiles are structural members that transfer actions to the ground and can contain bearing elements to transfer loads and limit deformations. They can have improved shaft and base resistance through grouting and can be constructed with various dimensions and configurations. There are no limitations on length, inclination, slenderness ratio, or shaft and base enlargements. The standard applies to single micropiles, micropile groups, reticulated micropiles, and micropile walls. Micropiles can be made of steel, grout, mortar, concrete, or a combination of materials. They have various applications, including working in restricted access conditions, foundation support for new structures, reinforcement of existing structures, reducing settlements and displacements, forming retaining walls, improving slope stability, securing against uplift, and other relevant applications. The standard does not cover deep mixing columns, columns constructed by jet grouting, or ground anchors, as those are covered by separate standards.

제목: EN 14199:2015 - 특수 지반기술 작업 수행 - 마이크로파일 내용: 이 유럽 표준은 마이크로파일의 수행을 위한 일반적인 원칙을 설정합니다. 마이크로파일은 직경 300mm 미만의 드릴링 도구로 구성된 드릴링 제로 구조적인 설비입니다. 참고 1: 이 유럽 표준은 EN 12699에 따라 수행되는 압착식 파일에는 적용되지 않습니다. 참고 2: 축 직경의 정의는 3.3을 참조하십시오. 마이크로파일은 작업을 지면에 전달하기 위한 구조적인 장치로, 하중을 직접 또는 간접적으로 전달하거나 변형을 제한하는 베어링 요소를 포함할 수 있습니다. 마이크로파일의 예시는 그림 1, 그림 2 및 그림 3을 참조하십시오. 그들의 축과 베이스 저항은 개선될 수 있으며 (대부분 그루팅을 통해), 다음과 같이 구성할 수 있습니다 (그림 4를 참조하십시오): - 균일한 교차선 (직선의 축); 또는 - 텔레스코피적인 축 크기 변화; - 축 확장; 및/또는 - 베이스 확장. 길이, 기울기 (기울기의 정의는 그림 5를 참조하십시오), 날씬한 비율 또는 축과 베이스 확장에 대한 제한은 실용적인 고려사항을 제외하고는 없습니다. 이 유럽 표준의 규정은 다음에 적용됩니다 (그림 6을 참조하십시오): - 단일 마이크로파일; - 마이크로파일 그룹; - 네트 형 마이크로파일; - 마이크로파일 벽. 이 유럽 표준에 포함되는 마이크로파일의 재료는 다음과 같습니다: - 강철 또는 기타 보강 재료; - 그루트, 몰탈 또는 콘크리트; - 위의 조합. 마이크로파일은 다음과 같은 용도로 사용될 수 있습니다: - 제한된 접근 및/또는 상단 공간 조건에서 작업; - 새로운 구조물의 기초 (특히 매우 이질적인 토양 또는 암석 생성물에서); - 기존 구조물의 강화 또는 강화로 하중을 깊이까지 전달하고 허용 가능한 하중 결함 특성을 가지도록 함, 예를 들어 고천공 작업; - 침하 및/또는 변위 감소; - 지주벽 형성; - 토양을 강화하여 베어링 및/또는 지주 구조물 형성; - 경사 안정성 개선; - 전복에 대한 보호; - 마이크로파일 기법이 적절한 다른 응용 분야. EN 14679에 명시된 깊은 혼합 컬럼은 이 유럽 표준에 포함되지 않습니다. 제트 그루팅에 의해 건설된 컬럼은 EN 12716에 포함됩니다. 지중 앵커는 EN 1537에 포함됩니다.