EN 17281:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2021
Varnostne zahteve - Oprema za čiščenje vozil
Safety requirements - Vehicle cleaning equipment
Fahrzeugwaschanlagen - Sicherheitsanforderungen
Systèmes de lavage de véhicules - Exigences de sécurité
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN 17281:2021
ICS:
43.180 Diagnostična, vdrževalna in Diagnostic, maintenance and
preskusna oprema test equipment
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN 17281
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
August 2021
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 43.180; 45.120
English Version
Safety requirements - Vehicle cleaning equipment
Exigences de sécurité - Systèmes de lavage de véhicules Sicherheitsanforderungen - Fahrzeugwaschanlagen
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 11 July 2021.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 17281:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 6
4 List of hazards . 9
5 Safety requirements and safety measures . 9
5.1 General safety requirements . 9
5.2 Additional requirements for systems for the cleaning of rail vehicles . 15
5.3 Additional requirements for roll-over washing systems . 15
5.4 Additional requirements for vehicle washing tunnels and vehicle conveying systems . 16
5.5 Additional requirements for manually movable vehicle washing systems . 17
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures . 17
6.1 Verification of general safety requirements . 17
6.2 Additional verification of systems for the cleaning of rail vehicles . 20
6.3 Additional verification of roll-over washing systems . 21
6.4 Additional verification of vehicle washing tunnels and vehicles conveying units . 21
6.5 Additional verification of manually movable vehicle washing systems . 22
7 Instructions for use . 22
Annex A (informative) Application examples . 24
Annex B (informative) List of significant hazards . 26
Annex C (normative) Noise test code . 30
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this European Standard and the essential
requirements of Directive 2006/42/EC aimed to be covered . 36
Bibliography . 38

European foreword
This document (EN 17281:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 197 “Pumps”, the
secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by February 2022, and conflicting national standards shall
be withdrawn at the latest by February 2022.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association, and supports essential requirements of EU
Directive(s) / Regulation(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s) / Regulation(s), see informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part
of this document.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organisations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of North
Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United
Kingdom.
Introduction
This document is a type-C standard as stated in EN ISO 12100:2010. This document is of relevance, in
particular, for the following stakeholder groups representing the market players with regard to
machinery safety:
— machine manufacturers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— health and safety bodies (regulators, accident prevention organizations, market surveillance etc.).
Others can be affected by the level of machinery safety achieved with the means of the document by the
above-mentioned stakeholder groups:
— machine users/employers (small, medium and large enterprises);
— machine users/employees (e.g. trade unions, organizations for people with special needs);
— service providers, e.g. for maintenance (small, medium and large enterprises).
— consumers (in case of machinery intended for use by consumers).
The above-mentioned stakeholder groups have been given the possibility to participate at the drafting
process of this document. The machinery concerned and the extent to which hazards, hazardous
situations or hazardous events are covered are indicated in the scope of this document. When
requirements of this type-C standard are different from those which are stated in type-A or type-B
standards, the requirements of this type-C standard take precedence over the requirements of the other
standards for machines that have been designed and built according to the requirements of this type-C
standard.
1 Scope
This document contains technical safety requirements for the design, equipment and testing of brushless
vehicle washing systems and vehicle washing systems with brushes for, indoor and outdoor operation,
i.e. roll-over vehicle washing systems, vehicle washing tunnels, manually movable vehicle washing
facilities.
This document does not apply to hand-guided high pressure cleaners which are covered by
EN 60335-2-79:2012, to water recycling systems, buildings and doors for entering the traffic zone, for
powered ride-on machines and powered walk-behind machines with a traction drive.
NOTE Signals (example doors, lighting systems) can be provided by the vehicle washing system.
This document contains requirements for the protection of persons and objects from accidents and
damages during use and operation of vehicle washing systems.
Persons to be protected are:
— operators,
— maintenance and monitoring personnel,
— persons in the vicinity of vehicle washing systems,
— persons sitting in the vehicle during cleaning.
Objects to be protected are:
— vehicles.
Significant hazards associated with vehicle washing systems are listed in Clause 4. These hazards have
been established by a risk assessment according to EN ISO 12100 and require measures to eliminate the
hazard or to reduce the risk. These measures are specified in Clause 5 of this document.
The safety requirements assume that vehicle washing systems are regularly maintained by trained and
competent persons according to the manufacturer's information and that the operators, with the
exception of users of self-service washing systems, have been instructed in the handling of vehicle
washing systems.
2 Normative references
The following documents are referred to in the text in such a way that some or all of their content
constitutes requirements of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For
undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 81-20:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Lifts for the transport of persons
and goods - Part 20: Passenger and goods passenger lifts
EN 81-50:2020, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Examinations and tests - Part 50:
Design rules, calculations, examinations and tests of lift components
EN 280:2013+A1:2015, Mobile elevating work platforms - Design calculations - Stability criteria -
Construction - Safety - Examinations and tests
EN 60204-1:2018, Safety of machinery - Electrical equipment of machines - Part 1: General requirements
(IEC 60204-1:2005)
EN 60335-2-79:2012, Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety - Part 2-79: Particular
requirements for high pressure cleaners and steam cleaners
1)
EN 60529:1991 , Degrees of protection provided by enclosures (IP Code) (IEC 60529)
EN ISO 3744:2010, Acoustics - Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources
using sound pressure - Engineering methods for an essentially free field over a reflecting plane (ISO
3744:2010)
EN ISO 4413:2010, Hydraulic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4413:2010)
EN ISO 4414:2010, Pneumatic fluid power - General rules and safety requirements for systems and their
components (ISO 4414:2010)
EN ISO 11201:2010, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions in an essentially free field over a
reflecting plane with negligible environmental corrections (ISO 11201:2010)
EN ISO 11203:2009, Acoustics - Noise emitted by machinery and equipment - Determination of emission
sound pressure levels at a work station and at other specified positions from the sound power level (ISO
11203:1995)
EN ISO 13849-1:2015, Safety of machinery - Safety-related parts of control systems – Part 1: General
principles for design (ISO 13849-1:2015)
EN ISO 13850:2015, Safety of machinery - Emergency stop function - Principles for design (ISO 13850:2015)
EN ISO 13854:2019, Safety of machinery - Minimum gaps to avoid crushing of parts of the human body (ISO
13854:2017)
EN ISO 13857:2019, Safety of machinery - Safety distances to prevent hazard zones being reached by upper
and lower limbs (ISO 13857:2019)
EN ISO 14122-1:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery- Part 1: Choice of
fixed means and general requirements of access (ISO 14122-1:2016)
EN ISO 14122-2:2016, Safety of machinery - Permanent means of access to machinery - Part 2: Working
platforms and walkways (ISO 14122-2:2016)
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminological databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp
3.1
work and traffic zone
area which is assigned to one or several persons for the execution of the work task
Note 1 to entry: A definition of work task is given in EN 614-1:2006+A1:2009.

1) As impacted by EN 60529:1991/A1:2000 and EN 60529:1991/A2:2013.
3.2
traffic zone (of a vehicle washing system)
area used for pedestrian or vehicular traffic from which the vehicle washing system can be entered and
exited
3.3
operating temperature (of the washing liquid)
temperature of the liquid supplied to the spraying device or to another part of the liquid system during
operation
3.4
operating pressure
pressure resulting at the pressure generator from a given volume flow with the corresponding nozzle
3.5
flammable liquid
liquid which can react exothermally with air when ignited
3.6
brushless vehicle washing system
vehicle washing system, where the cleaning is carried out without mechanical contact between washing
system and vehicle
Note 1 to entry: In general, the cleaning is carried out contactless, e.g. with liquid from nozzles.
3.7
pressure generator
device generating an overpressure
3.8
tandem roll-over vehicle washing system
two or more roll-over vehicle washing systems which wash and/or dry the same car, and move
independently
3.9
liquid heater
device for the heating of the liquids to the operating temperature
3.10
vehicle ground conveyor
device for the horizontal movement (trailing) of vehicles on a track or on rails
3.11
vehicle displacement device
platform or access rails on which vehicles are mechanically moved in the washing system so that they
can be cleaned in their entire length even in short washing bays
3.12
vehicle washing system
system for the external cleaning of vehicles or parts of vehicles, where cleaning, drying or special
treatment devices and/or vehicles are mechanically moved and where the vehicle is placed in the system
by the vehicle driver
3.13
vehicle washing tunnel/street
vehicle washing system where the vehicles to be cleaned are moved through washing, drying or special
treatment points by means of power driven vehicle ground conveyor devices
3.14
liquid jet
device or system where the liquid, also with additives, is ejected in a free jet from devices equipped with
nozzles or from other devices equipped with speed increasing outlets
3.15
high pressure pipework
pipeline or hose pipe in which the liquid is conducted from the pressure generator to the consumption
points with a minimum pressure of 2,5 MPa and not exceeding 35 MPa
3.16
vehicle washing system with brushes
system, where the washing unit consists of rotating or moving bodies equipped with bristles, stripes or
similar elements
3.17
roll-over washing system
mobile, rail mounted vehicle washing system, where a gantry with mounted or integrated washing,
drying and special treatment devices is mechanically moved over the standing vehicle
Note 1 to entry: Also, rigidly coupled machines are considered as roll-over washing systems.
3.18
hose fittings
connecting elements for hoses or hose pipes
3.19
instructed service person driven vehicle washing system
vehicle cleaning facility which is started by an instructed service person
3.20
automatic vehicle washing system
vehicle cleaning facility which is started without an instructed service person
3.21
self-service vehicle washing system
vehicle cleaning facility which is started and operated by the customer
3.22
instructed service person
capable of conducting the tasks as defined in the operator's manual of the manufacturer
3.23
automatic safeguard
automatic guard or protective device provided to protect persons from a hazard
3.24
protective device
means a device (other than a guard) which reduces the risk, either alone or in conjunction with a guard
Note 1 to entry: This may e.g. be achieved by preventing the surpassing of the maximum recommended operating
parameters as e.g. pressure, temperature, etc.
3.25
takt/batch washing system
mobile, rail mounted vehicle washing system of the roll-over type, where the washing and drying units
are separately mounted on different gantries
Note 1 to entry: Both gantries are consecutively mounted. They move mechanically over the vehicle being either
in washing or drying position.
Note 2 to entry: The vehicle shall be moved from the washing to the drying position. In intermittent washing
systems, no continuous vehicle advance is carried out.
3.26
under chassis wash
device for cleaning the underside of vehicles
3.27
manually movable vehicle washing system
system which is manually moved along or around the standing vehicle
3.28
maximum operating pressure
pressure which is permitted for a component on the basis of the material and the calculation documents
at the permissible temperature
3.29
drive-through washing system
during cleaning, the vehicle is moved by its own power
4 List of hazards
The list of hazards given in Table B.1 is based on harmonized standards to the Machinery
Directive 2006/42/EC. The numbering is taken from the Machinery Directive. The list contains significant
hazards, danger points and hazardous operating conditions related to vehicle washing systems. The
relevant requirements according to Clause 5 are intended to avoid hazards, to protect from dangers or to
reduce the risk.
5 Safety requirements and safety measures
5.1 General safety requirements
5.1.1 Shearing and crushing points at power-operated movable parts
Crushing and shearing points at power operated parts shall be avoided in the work and traffic zones up
to a height of 2 m above the respective floor space for persons or, if this is not possible, they shall be
protected. The hazard points may be avoided or protected by e.g.:
— safety distances according to EN ISO 13854:2019 and EN ISO 13857:2019;
— guards;
— safety devices;
— impeding device according to EN ISO 12100:2010, Clause 3.29.
NOTE 1 Counterweights could be a point of crushing and shearing.
NOTE 2 The space between two independent moving tandem roll-over vehicle washing systems can be a point
of crushing.
5.1.2 Tripping and twisting points
Tripping and twisting points in the work or traffic zones shall be avoided or protected.
Tripping points caused by ground rails are avoided if the rails are laid evenly with the ground.
Nevertheless, all necessary steps shall be taken to ensure that tripping and twisting points are avoided.
Twisting points are considered to be protected if they are made visible by appropriate surrounding
conditions, e.g. by sufficient lighting and/or coloured design.
Equipment such as e.g. wheel entering devices and on-floor under-chassis washing systems, which cannot
be realised below a certain level for functional reasons, shall be visible by appropriate surrounding
conditions, e.g. by sufficient lighting and/or coloured design.
5.1.3 Gears and sprocket wheels
Enclosures for gears and sprocket wheels in the work and traffic zones shall have openings in compliance
with EN ISO 13857:2019. If they are positioned outside the work and traffic zones, at least the nip points
shall be protected against contact.
5.1.4 Belt and rope drives
The nip points at belt and rope drives within the work and traffic zones shall be protected by guards or
impeding devices.
5.1.5 Supporting means
The supporting means for horizontal system components shall be designed with a safety factor for
breaking load divided by load bearing capacity of at least 6 to ensure the safety of the machine.
NOTE The factor is in conformity with EN 14492-2.
In the event of breaking of a supporting means, roof brushes or roof nozzles shall not fall down
uncontrolled. The drop distance shall only be 0,3 m at maximum within the work and traffic zone.
5.1.6 Horizontal and vertical system components
Horizontal and vertical system components such as roof brushes with horizontal axis or horizontal roof
nozzle carriers shall automatically stop at their final positions. Furthermore, an additional protective
device shall stop the system components at the end of the guide rails.
NOTE This can for example be achieved by means of operational limit switches in connection with a fixed
stopper or an emergency limit switch or a fixed stopper in connection with an overload protection.
5.1.7 Guides/guide pulleys
Nip points between guides and guide pulleys of roof brushes, roof nozzles, side brushes and wheel wash
brushes within the work and traffic zones shall be so protected that it is not possible to introduce a finger
into them.
5.1.8 Guiding system
Vehicle washing systems shall be equipped with guiding devices for vehicles, leading the driver and
his/her vehicle into a correct centre position.
This is only mandatory for self-service washers.
5.1.9 Positioning system
Roll-over vehicle washing systems shall be equipped with one positioning device (each), leading the user
of the system with his/her vehicle into a correct longitudinal start position for the washing or drying
process.
NOTE To show the customer that he is in the correct position, a signal can be sufficient.
This is only mandatory for self-service washers.
5.1.10 Wall and ceiling rails
Vehicle washing systems or parts of systems which are supported or guided by wall or ceiling rails shall
be so constructed that they cannot derail or crash.
5.1.11 Ground rails
Fixing elements for ground rails in the work and traffic zones, e.g. screws, shall be sunk in the rail base or
designed in a way that no crushing points exist between the front surface of the travelling mechanism
and the ground rails.
NOTE The fixing elements at systems for rail vehicles can be designed in the same way as those for railways.
5.1.12 Protruding components
Protruding components as e.g. retainer keys, screws and lubricating devices at rotating parts shall be
enclosed when there is the risk of entanglement of body parts or clothing, even if they are outside the
work and traffic zones.
5.1.13 Accessible covers
The width of openings in accessible covers on the work and traffic zone floor shall be 4 cm at maximum.
NOTE 1 Accessible covers are e.g. grids, sheets and working platforms.
NOTE 2 Wider openings were experienced to lead to accidents caused by twisting. Openings in accessible covers
can e.g. be necessary for under-chassis washing systems.
Accessible covers provided by the manufacturer shall be of a non-slip type according to evaluation group
R 11 V 4 in leaflet BGR 181, in connection with EN ISO 14122-2:2016.
5.1.14 Treads
Surfaces which are intended to be treads shall be safe when accessed. They shall be protected against
unintended displacement.
Surfaces of treads shall be of a non-slip type according to evaluation group R 11 V 4 in Leaflet BGR 181,
in connection with EN ISO 14122-2:2016.
5.1.15 Vehicle wheel guides
The sides of the rail guides shall be constructed in a way that risks are avoided.
5.1.16 Vehicle displacement devices
Crushing points between vehicle displacement devices and chassis frame, ground rims, or under chassis
washing systems shall be avoided. If crushing points cannot be avoided, they shall be protected. If an
inclination is used as a measure to avoid a crushing point, then an angle of a maximum of 30° (see for
example Figure A.2, angles α, β) shall be realised.
5.1.17 Liquid jets at vehicle washing systems
Hose pipes of liquid jets used in vehicle washing systems shall be so guided that they cannot be damaged,
squeezed or driven over. Excessive tension or bending loads shall be avoided.
— Hose fittings shall be suitable for environmental conditions, e.g. chemistry, climate, pressure.
— High pressure pipework shall be designed with a maximum operating pressure from at least 1,5
times the nominal pressure referring to EN 60335-2-79:2012.
— Unintended exceeding of pressure and temperature shall be prevented.
— Hazards caused by combustion gases shall be avoided at oil- or gas- fired liquid heaters of liquid jets.
— When using flammable liquids, an explosive atmosphere shall be avoided.
— It shall be ensured that no persons are endangered by a liquid jet when vehicle washing systems are
used as intended.
— Components under internal pressure shall be equipped with devices which are able to depressurise
them.
NOTE Temperatures above 49 °C cause first degree burns in less than one minute exposure.
5.1.18 Monitoring
Vehicle washing systems, where the user of the system may stay inside the vehicle, shall be so equipped
that they can be visually monitored from the outside.
NOTE Vehicle washing systems that need to be monitored are automatic vehicle washing systems (started by
positioning the vehicle), takt/batch washing systems and drive through washing systems.
5.1.19 Electrical equipment
The electrical equipment shall be designed according to EN 60204-1:2018. For normal stop the stop
command shall be of category 0 or 1 and for operational stop the stop command shall be of category 2
according to EN 60204-1:2018. When used in moist and wet spaces electrical equipment shall at least
1)
comply with the degree of protection IP X5 according to EN 60529:1991 .Due to the environment in the
technical room, the protection can be less than IP X5. Safety related parts of control systems shall be
designed according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
5.1.20 Fluid hydraulics equipment
The fluid hydraulics equipment shall be designed according to EN ISO 4413:2010. Safety related parts of
control systems shall be designed according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
5.1.21 Fluid pneumatics equipment
The fluid pneumatics equipment shall be designed according to EN ISO 4414:2010. Safety related parts
of control systems shall be designed according to EN ISO 13849-1:2015.
5.1.22 Control devices
Instructed service person driven vehicle washing systems and self-service washing systems shall be
equipped with control devices for starting and stopping. Start and restart after a stoppage, whatever the
cause, shall only be possible by voluntary actuation. This may be achieved by introducing a chip, card
system, code into the intended opening of the control box, or by sensors.
NOTE 1 Starting also includes the initiation of a program-controlled washing process. See also EN 60204-1.
NOTE 2 Voluntary actuation of the machine leading to the start or restart of the machine by sensor can be
achieved by detecting that the vehicle is placed by the driver for a defined amount of time in a specified starting
area.
5.1.23 Actuators of control devices
Actuators of control devices for the starting and stopping of movements shall be:
— easily and safely accessible;
— designed, positioned and marked so that allocation, switching sense and switching state are
unambiguously visible;
— positioned so that the vehicle washing system can be seen when it is started. If this is not possible,
compulsory measures for the protection of persons shall be provided. These may e.g. be optical
and/or acoustical warning devices and a delayed start of 2 to 5 seconds allowing an exposed person
to leave the danger zone or to prevent the machinery from starting up;
— designed and positioned or able to be protected so that an unintended start-up of the system or its
parts is prevented.
5.1.24 Actuators for limit switches
Actuators for limit switches which are permanently fixed in the ground rail area shall be inclined by an
angle of 30° at maximum in relation to the ground in order to avoid crushing points.
5.1.25 Supply disconnecting devices
Vehicle washing systems shall be equipped with a supply disconnecting device which can be protected
against erroneous or unauthorised reconnection, for example by locking and shall be fitted with means
to isolate it from all energy sources in accordance with EN 60204-1:2018.
NOTE 1 For fluid hydraulics, see also EN ISO 4413:2010.
NOTE 2 For fluid pneumatics, see also EN ISO 4414:2010.
5.1.26 Emergency stop equipment
Vehicle washing systems shall be equipped with emergency stop equipment according to
EN ISO 13850:2015, the actuators of which are easily visible and easily and safely accessible. At least one
emergency stop equipment shall be placed at the workstation or at the control panel.
5.1.27 Automatic safeguard
Automatic safeguards shall switch off the drive at an operating force of 150 N at maximum. In the event
of a fault in the safeguard, the protective function shall be maintained, or the fault shall be automatically
detected before the dangerous movement is initiated and the command for the machine movement shall
be prevented. The extra stroke of the safety device after actuation of the signal shall be sufficient in order
to stop the dangerous moving part(s) of the machine, e.g. the extra stroke shall be greater than the
movement of the machine after receiving the stop signal.
NOTE These devices comprise as well electro-sensitive protective systems.
5.1.28 Electrical cables
Electrical cables which are mechanically stressed by movements of vehicle washing systems shall
withstand the expected stresses (see EN 60204-1). Electrical cables shall withstand chemical influences.
5.1.29 Noise reduction
5.1.29.1 Noise reduction at source by design
Machinery shall be designed and constructed in such a way that risks resulting from the emission of
airborne noise are reduced to the lowest level, taking account of technical progress and the availability
of means of reducing noise, in particular at source. When designing a machine the available information
and technical measures to control noise at source at the design stage shall be taken into account, see for
example EN ISO 11688-1:2009.
NOTE EN ISO 11688-2:2000 provides useful information on noise generation mechanisms in machinery.
For the evaluation of the A-weighted emission sound pressure level and, if applicable, the A-weighted
sound power level, only the noise sources which are mounted on the machine and delivered by the
manufacturer of the machine shall be taken into account. Pumps, compressors and other devices which
are needed to supply the machine, but which are located in separate technical rooms or technical cabinets
are not included.
The success of the applied noise reduction measures is assessed on the basis of the actual noise emission
values in relation to other machines of the same type with comparable non-acoustical technical data.
The main sources of noise during vehicle washing are:
— blowers;
— high pressure spraying systems;
— pumps and compressors integrated into the machine;
— washing brushes;
— combustion engines for manually movable vehicle washing system.
Noise can be reduced by the following measures:
— choice of low noise machine components;
— choice of low noise machine designs;
— use of components and ancillaries with the lowest possible noise emission;
— isolation of structure borne noise or impact sound of power units.
5.1.29.2 Noise reduction by protective measures
Depending on the results of noise measurements carried out by the manufacturer, the vehicle washing
system shall be equipped with suitable device(s) to reduce noise emission. These devices may be casings,
enclosures, or silencers fitted to the machine.
5.1.29.3 Noise reduction by information
The instruction manual shall inform about residual risks regarding noise due to the operation of a vehicle
washing system (see Clause 7).
5.1.30 Hot surfaces
Hot surfaces of liquid heaters shall be designed in accordance with EN ISO 13732-1:2008.
5.1.31 Surfaces and edges
Accessible parts of the vehicle cleaning system shall have no sharp edges, angles and rough surfaces that
are likely to cause injury.
5.1.32 Washing additives
Washing additives shall be refillable or drainable without any risk.
5.2 Additional requirements for systems for the cleaning of rail vehicles
5.2.1 Slewing platforms
Slewing platforms shall be lockable in each lifting height and each slewing position and be protected
against unintended lowering. If the washing system has more than one swivelling platform, devices for
the starting of the travel motor of the system shall only be effective at one platform. Each platform shall
be equipped with emergency stop equipment able to stop the system. Platforms shall be equipped with a
fixed railing or, if this is not possible for technical reasons, with a hinged or push-in railing. If these
platforms are designed as elevating work platforms, EN 280:2013+A1:2015 shall apply.
5.2.2 Rigid platforms
Rigid platforms shall be equipped with emergency stop equipment able to stop the washing system.
Platforms shall be equipped with a fixed railing or, if this is not possible for technical reasons, with a
hinged or push-in railing.
5.2.3 Overhead contact line
If a roll-over washing system is spanned with an overhead contact line, it shall be so designed that the
washing process can only be started when the overhead contact current is switched off and reliably
protected against re-start and earthed. For alternating voltages of up to 1 000 V and direct voltages of up
to 1 500 V, switching-off is not necessary provided that a dissipation of the overhead contact voltage is
prevented.
5.3 Additional requirements for roll-over washing systems
5.3.1 Final positions of the travel area
The washing gantry shall automatically stop at the final positions of its travelling areas. Furthermore, an
additional protection shall prevent that the washing gantry overtravels the end points of the rails.
EXAMPLE An automatic stop is achieved by sensors or proximity switches at the intended final positions of the
gantry. Overtravelling of the rail ends is prevented by means of fixed bumpers or emergency limit switches.
5.3.2 Toppling safeguard
For roll-over washing systems a safeguard shall be provided preventing toppling of the system
components, e.g. the roof brush or the roof nozzle carrier, even if they hit an obstacle. Systems are
sufficiently stable if attacking horizontal forces are limited so that the ratio of the moment of stability
divided by the overturning moment is at least 1,2 : 1.
EXAMPLE Obstacles can be presented by standing vehicles, if the passage height of the gantry is too small or if the
roof brush or the roof nozzle carrier does not unblock the necessary passage height in time.
5.3.3 Driving wheels of the travelling mechanisms
The driving wheels of the travelling mechanisms shall be enclosed so that the drawing-in points between
wheels and rails are protected.
5.3.4 Front surface of the travelling mechanisms
The travelling mechanisms including mounted and integrated components shall be designed, positioned
or enclosed so that crushing points between the front or the enclosure and the ground are avoided or
protected. This does not apply to washing systems for rail vehicles with fitted rails.
5.3.5 Crushing points at wheel guides
Crushing points between wheel guides for vehicles and the frame of the travelling mechanism of the
system shall be avoided. The final points of the wheel guides shall end with an inclination angle to the
ground of 30° at maximum or are extended beyond the positions of the front and back sides of the frame
of the travelling mechanisms in the final points of the gantry (see Figure A.2). If crushing points between
wheel guides for vehicles and frame of the travelling mechanism cannot be avoided, they shall be
protected.
5.3.6 Operator cabins for roll-over washing systems for special vehicles
Operator cabins which are accessed by using a ladder shall be provided with a holding device according
to EN ISO 14122-1:2016 and EN ISO 14122-2:2016. Shape and design of hand holds shall be adapted to
the local conditions.
5.4 Additional requirements for vehicle washing tunnels and vehicle conveying systems
5.4.1 Drawing-in points
Drawing-in points between the carrier devices and the driveway (guides) shall be avoided or protected.
Drawing-in points are also protected if retaining devices are installed in front of the carrier rolls.
Alternatively, drawing-in points are also avoided if the carrier rolls can be lifted by at least 12 cm in
relation to the driveway, the necessary force shall not exceed 150 N (according to EN 81-20:2020 and
EN 81-50:2020) and the conveying speed shall not exceed 25 m/min.
5.4.2 Horizontal deflection of the conveyor chain
For horizontal deflection of the conveyor chain the entry of the chains into and the exit of the chains from
the enclosure of the circulating chain leg shall be designed or protected so that no crushing or shearing
points exist between the carrier devices and parts of the enclosure. Safety distances are specified in
EN ISO 13854:2019.
5.4.3 Vertical deflection of the conveyor chain
For vertical deflection of the conveyor chain, the openings for entry and exit of the carrier devices, e.g.
carrier rolls, of the conveying unit shall be enclosed. They shall only be opened during passage of a carrier
device. The openings of the tracks shall be so dimensioned and the clearance for a movement of the
enclosures shall be so designed that crushing points between entering and leaving carrier device and
edges of the track openings as well as edges of movable enclosures are avoided.
Crushing points are avoided, if the chain drive automatically switches off the instant that the enclosure is
opened further than necessary for the roll passage.
NOTE Crushing points are also avoided, if the enclosure of the track opening can be opened according to
EN ISO 13854:2019 by at least 180 mm more than necessary for the passage of the rolls and if the distance to hazard
zones is in compliance with EN ISO 13857:2019.
5.4.4 Enclosures for the entry and exit openings
Enclosures for the entry and exit openings of the carrier devices of the conveying unit shall be designed
and arranged so that the whole area can be made accessible without undue effort.
5.4.5 Nip points of the conveyor chain
If nip points of the conveyor chain of the trailing unit on the sprocket wheels are accessible from the
ground or from the track, they shall be protected by enclosures.
5.4.6 Protection against unauthorized access
Vehicle washing tunnels shall be equipped with automatic devices, which instantaneously switch off the
dangerous movements when persons enter at the exit side if the access of unauthorized persons is not
prevented by other means. The system shall only be able to reset again by means of a control device
situated at the exit side and restart the washing cycle at the front side.
NOTE Automatic devices are e.g. double light barriers able to recognize the direction. They are not necessary,
if, for example, the system is permanently supervised at the exit side or if the system is operated on a factory area,
where access of unauthorized persons is forbidden.
5.5 Additional requirements for manually movable vehicle washing systems
5.5.1 Stability
Movable vehicle washing systems without rail guiding which are moved along the vehicles to be cleaned
by hand shall have sufficient stability. Systems are sufficiently stable if attacking horizontal forces are
limited so that the ratio of the stability moment divided by the overturning moment is at least 1,2 : 1.
NOTE There are parameters able to affect the stability, such as holes or obstacles in the track, slopes, inclination
of the washing brush and wind.
5.5.2 Tripping points
For vehicle washing systems, which are moved along the vehicles by hand, the energy and water supply
lines shall be so connected that no tripping points result in the walkway.
Tripping points due to energy and water supply lines are considered to be avoided if during the washing
process no tripping points exist in the walkway at a distance of at least 1 m from the operator's position.
5.5.3 Control system
Actuators of control devices for the starting of the wheel drive shall be designed without self-locking. An
unintended release shall be prevented by design, positioning or protection of the control device.
6 Verification of the safety requirements and/or measures
6.1 Verification of general safety requirements
NOTE The methods for a verification of compliance with the safety requirements and measures according to
Clause 5 are listed in 6.1.1 to 6.1.32.
6.1.1 Crushing and shearing points at power-operated movable parts
Verification shall be carried out by:
— visual inspection and measurement, if the crushing and shearing points described in 5.1.1 are
avoided or protected;
— functional test, if the stopping distance of the powered parts after tripping the safeguard is smaller
than the distance by which the safeguard is leading.
6.1.2 Trip and twist points
Verification shall be carried out by means of visual inspection and measurements, if the danger points
described in 5.1.2 are avoided or protected.
6.1.3 Gears and sprocket wheels
Verification shall be carried out by means of visual inspection, if the measures for the protection of danger
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