FprCEN/TR 16389

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-maj-2025
Goriva za motorna vozila - Parafinsko dizelsko gorivo in mešanice s FAME -
Ozadje zahtevanih parametrov, njihove omejitve ter določevanje
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with FAME - Background to the
parameters required and their respective limits and determination
Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den entsprechenden Grenzwerten und
deren Bestimmung
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et mélanges d'EMAG - Historique sur
la définition des paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs déterminations
respectives
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: FprCEN/TR 16389
ICS:
75.160.20 Tekoča goriva Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

FINAL DRAFT
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER REPORT
March 2025
ICS Will supersede CEN/TR 16389:2023
English Version
Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel and blends with
FAME - Background to the parameters required and their
respective limits and determination
Carburants pour automobiles - Gazole paraffinique et Kraftstoff für Kraftfahrzeuge - Paraffinischer
mélanges d'EMAG - Historique sur la définition des Dieselkraftstoff und Kraftstoff-Mischungen -
paramètres requis, de leurs limites et de leurs Hintergrund zu den erforderlichen Parametern, den
déterminations respectives entsprechenden Grenzwerten und deren Bestimmung

This draft Technical Report is submitted to CEN members for Vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a Technical Report. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a Technical Report.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2025 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. FprCEN/TR 16389:2025 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
1 Scope . 4
2 Normative references . 4
3 Terms and definitions . 4
4 EN 15940, Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or hydrotreatment -
Requirements and test methods . 4
4.1 Parameters included . 4
4.2 Considerations on the parameters . 9
4.2.1 Cetane number . 9
4.2.2 Density . 10
4.2.3 Flash point . 12
4.2.4 Viscosity . 12
4.2.5 Distillation characteristics . 14
4.2.6 Lubricity . 16
4.2.7 Total aromatics content . 19
4.2.8 Sulfur content . 21
4.2.9 Residues and contaminants . 21
4.2.10 Copper strip corrosion . 23
4.2.11 Oxidation stability . 23
4.2.12 Biodegradability . 24
4.2.13 FAME . 24
4.2.14 Addition of non-paraffinic material . 25
4.2.15 Climate dependence . 26
4.2.16 Additives . 26
4.2.17 Sampling . 27
4.2.18 Pump marking . 27
4.2.19 Housekeeping guidance . 27
4.2.20 Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) . 27
4.2.21 Heating applications . 27
4.3 Parameters considered and not included in the specification . 27
4.3.1 Poly-cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and olefin content . 27
4.3.2 Elastomer compatibility . 27
5 Acknowledgement . 28
Annex A (informative)  SL-BOCLE Lubricity of EN 15940 paraffinic fuels: Summary of ILS
test results . 29
Annex B (informative) A meta-analysis of HFRR precision studies . 33
Annex C (informative)  Paraffinic diesel fuel ILS tests (cetane number) . 37
Annex D (informative) Aromatic ILS tests . 42
Annex E (informative) Oxidation stability ILS tests . 44
Annex F (informative) Cloud point and CFPP ILS tests . 45
Bibliography . 47

European foreword
This document (FprCEN/TR 16389:2025) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19
“Gaseous and liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”,
the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the Vote on TR.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
This document will supersede CEN/TR 16389:2023.
The fourth version of this document has been updated after the revision of EN 15940:2023. In this update,
several editorial and technical improvements have been made.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.

1 Scope
This document explains the requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment containing up to 7,0 % (V/V) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME). Synthesis refers to XTL
processes where X refers to various feedstocks for example Gas (G), Biomass (B) or Coal (C) and TL stands
for To-Liquid. In this document the term hydrotreatment includes all catalytic processes where hydrogen
is used. Hydrotreatment of oils and fats from plant, animal or any other biological origin yield paraffinic
diesel fuel for example Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil (HVO) or Hydroprocessed Esters and Fatty Acids
(HEFA). Paraffinic diesel fuel can be blended with up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). This
document provides background information to the final text of EN 15940:2023 [1] and gives guidance
and explanations to the producers, blenders, marketers and users of paraffinic automotive diesel fuel.
Paraffinic diesel fuel is a high quality, clean burning fuel with virtually no sulfur and aromatics. Paraffinic
diesel fuel can be used in diesel engines, also to reduce regulated emissions. In order to have the greatest
possible emissions reduction, a specific calibration is needed. Some types of paraffinic diesel fuel, at
present notably HVO, can also offer a meaningful contribution to the target of increased non-crude
derived and/or renewable content in the transportation fuel pool.
For general diesel engine operation, durability and warranty, paraffinic automotive diesel fuel needs a
validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines
still needs to be done. The vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to EN 15940 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 Paraffinic diesel fuel is also used as a blending component in automotive diesel fuel. In that case,
composition and properties of the final blends are defined by relevant fuel specification standards.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
No terms and definitions are listed in this document.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
4 EN 15940, Automotive fuels - Paraffinic diesel fuel from synthesis or
hydrotreatment - Requirements and test methods
4.1 Parameters included
This document gives further detailed information about requirements and parameters as defined in
EN 15940:2023 [1].
All parameters discussed in this document are based on the paraffinic nature of XTL and HVO and the use
of FAME complying with EN 14214:2019 [2] as a blending component. The test methods precisions are
presented in Table 1.
Table 1 — Precision of the methods to paraffinic diesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel
Property Unit Test method EN 15940 [1] and EN 590 [3] Precision
Methods whose precision statement includes paraffinic diesel fuel and conventional diesel fuel
Cetane number EN ISO 5165:1998 [4] Average cetane number Repeatability Reproducibility
a
level
(R = 0,125× CN - 2,2)
40 0,8 2,8
44 0,9 3,3
48 0,9 3,8
52 0,9 4,3
56 1,0 4,8
EN 15195:2023 [5] r = 0,013 80 × X
R = 0,046 82 × X
EN 16906:2017 [6] r = 1,474 2 + 0,004 3 × X
R = −1,054 2+ 0,069 2 × X
1,47
EN 17155:2018 [7] r = 0,002 931 × (X)
1,47
R = 0,006 407 × (X)
3 3
Density at 15 °C EN ISO 3675:1998 [8]
kg/m r = 0,5 kg/m
R =1,2 kg/m
EN ISO 12185:1996 [9]
r =0,2 kg/m
R =0,5 kg/m
Flash point °C EN ISO 2719:2016 [10] r =0,029 × X
R =0,071 × X
Viscosity at EN ISO 3104:2020 [11] r =0,004 3 × (X + 1)
mm /s
40 °C
R =0,008 2 × (X + 1)
ISO 23581:2020 [12] r = 0,010 5 – 0,000 3 × X
R = 0,034 6 + 0,005 × X
...