EN 14043:2005

2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Visoke nadzemne naprave za gasilske enote – Avtomatske vrtljive gasilske avtolestve – Zahteve za varnost in obnašanje v uporabi in preskusne metodeHubrettungsfahrzeuge für die Feuerwehr - Drehleitern mit kombinierten Bewegungen (Automatik-Drehleitern) - Sicherheits- und Leistungsanforderungen sowie PrüfverfahrenMoyens élévateurs aériens pour la lutte contre l'incendie - Echelles pivotantes a mouvements combinés - Prescriptions de sécurité et de performances et méthodes d'essaisHigh rise aerial appliances for fire service use - Turntable ladders with combined movements - Safety and performance requirements and test methods97.145LestveLadders13.220.10Gašenje požaraFire-fightingICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 14043:2005SIST EN 14043:2005en01-december-2005SIST EN 14043:2005SLOVENSKI
STANDARD
EUROPEAN STANDARDNORME EUROPÉENNEEUROPÄISCHE NORMEN 14043September 2005ICS 13.220.10 English VersionHigh rise aerial appliances for fire service use - Turntableladders with combined movements - Safety and performancerequirements and test methodsMoyens élévateurs aériens pour la lutte contre l'incendie -Echelles pivotantes à mouvements combinés -Prescriptions de sécurité et de performances et méthodesd'essaisHubrettungsfahrzeuge für die Feuerwehr - Drehleitern mitkombinierten Bewegungen (Automatik-Drehleitern) -Sicherheits- und Leistungsanforderungen sowiePrüfverfahrenThis European Standard was approved by CEN on 1 August 2005.CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this EuropeanStandard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such nationalstandards may be obtained on application to the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translationunder the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the same status as the officialversions.CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATIONCOMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATIONEUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNGManagement Centre: rue de Stassart, 36
B-1050 Brussels© 2005 CENAll rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reservedworldwide for CEN national Members.Ref. No. EN 14043:2005: ESIST EN 14043:2005

Example of table reporting the stability tests.72 Annex B (normative)
Operating time.73 Annex C (informative)
List of national regulations applicable to turntable ladders.74 Annex D (informative)
Verification and periodic inspections.75 Annex ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements of EU Directive 98/37/EC.78 Bibliography.79
1 Scope 1.1 This European Standard specifies the safety and performance requirements and test methods applicable to turntable ladders with combined movements of classes 18, 24 and 30, as defined in 3.13, under the control of fire-fighters and intended for fire fighting and rescuing people. Turntable ladder vehicles comprise of a chassis, bodywork and a powered extending structure unit in the form of a ladder with or without a cage. Turntable ladder vehicles covered by this European Standard
have a self propelled chassis, the motor of which supplies power required for the operation of the ladder and permits all of the operational movements to be made simultaneously, with no restriction on the angle of the training movement. 1.2 This European Standard deals with the technical safety requirements to minimise the hazards listed in Clause 4 which can arise during the commissioning, the operational use, the routine checking and maintenance of turntable ladders when carried out in accordance with the specifications given by the manufacturer or his authorised representative. It also deals with performance requirements. 1.3 This European Standard deals with the use of turntable ladders vehicles within a temperature range from - 15 °C to + 35 °C and with a wind velocity on the ladder set ≤ 12,5 m/s. Additional measures can be necessary for use outside this range (to be negotiated between the manufacturer and the user). NOTE Special designs for use under special climatic conditions are arranged between the manufacturer and the purchaser. 1.4 This European Standard is not dealing with the hazards of the standard automotive chassis or due to use as a road vehicle. 1.5 This European Standard is not applicable to turntable ladders vehicles with combined movements which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN. 2 Normative references The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this European Standard. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 418:1992, Safety of machinery — Emergency stop equipment, functional aspects — Principles for design EN 457, Safety of machinery — Auditory danger signals — General requirements, design and testing (ISO 7731:1986, modified) EN 954-1:1996, Safety of machinery — Safety related parts of control systems — Part 1: General principles for design EN 982, Safety of machinery — Safety requirements for fluid power systems and their components — Hydraulics EN 1050:1996, Safety of machinery — Risk assessment EN 1846-1:1998, Firefighting and rescue service vehicles — Part 1: Nomenclature and designation EN 1846-2:2001, Firefighting and rescue service vehicles — Part 2: Common requirements — Safety and performance SIST EN 14043:2005

l distance, expressed in metres, from the outer edge of the vehicle to the perpendicular dropped from the outer edge of the base of the rescue cage or the working platform or the projection from the outer edge of the vehicle to perpendicular from the topmost round NOTE 1 The measurement is taken at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the vehicle on horizontal terrain without loading. NOTE 2 If the jacks extend beyond the maximum width of the vehicle, the distance is measured from the outer edge of the most extended jack. SIST EN 14043:2005

2 Special boundary of use, load = 0 + turntable ladder equipment (3.23.3) 3 Supported boundary of use, load + cage = 0 (3.23.2) Figure 1 — Example of boundary SIST EN 14043:2005

NOTE It is assumed, for this measurement, that the vehicle is standing on a horizontal surface. Figure 2 — Jacking width 3.25 operating time tR time required in order to reach, from the travel position, the maximum rescue height (at 90° to the longitudinal axis of the chassis) NOTE If appropriate the operating time (tR) includes the time for attaching the cage and making it ready for use with the ladder stabilized at maximum jacking width by the vehicle. 3.26 stability test – static verification test of a turntable ladder’s ability to resist tipping or rolling over with the ladder set not being moved under load 3.27 stability test – dynamic verification test of a turntable ladder’s ability to resist tipping or rolling over with the ladder set being permitted to move under load 3.28 static overload test static test of the turntable ladder for permanent deformation NOTE The static overload test is not a stability test. 3.29 test of fitness for purpose test to confirm the correct functioning of all the functions of a turntable ladder and its special equipment 3.30 forces and loads for calculations NOTE 1 Forces are expressed in Newtons and are measured in the direction in which they act. SIST EN 14043:2005

Key A First section B Intermediate sections C Last section Figure 3 — Designation of ladder set sections 4 List of significant hazards This clause contains all the significant hazards, hazardous situations and events, as far as they are dealt with in this European Standard, identified by risk assessment as significant for this type of machinery and which require action to eliminate or reduce the risk. SIST EN 14043:2005

Pressure of the jacks on the ground • 5.1.6.5.2 • 5.1.6.2.12 • 5.1.6.2.13 • 5.1.6.2.14 • 7
Uncontrolled movement (lifting on the base plate) • 5.1.6.2.14
Suspensions locking device Re-establishing ground contact with the tyres during return to travel position • 5.1.6.2.15
Defect in the suspension locking device on activation • 5.1.6.2.1 • 7
Cradle/turret Crushing by the training drive mechanism • 5.1.6.7.1
Crushing by the turret in motion • 5.1.6.7.1 • 5.1.6.7.2
Crushing by the cradle in motion • 5.1.6.7.1
Ladder set Crushing between the rounds during extending and housing • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.8.1 • 7
Rescue cage Crushing by mobile parts during levelling correction • 5.1.6.4.8 SIST EN 14043:2005

Impact against an obstacle • 5.1.6.4.3 • 5.1.6.4.12 • 5.1.6.4.14 • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.5.5 • 7
Fitting/removal of the rescue cage • 5.1.6.4.6
Movement in the rescue cage
• 5.1.6.4.13
Crushing a person outside the cage • 5.1.6.4.12 • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.5.4 • 5.1.6.8.1 • 7 1.2 Shearing hazard Cradle/turret Crushing by the cradle in motion • 5.1.6.7.1
Ladder set Crushing between the rounds during extending and housing • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.8.1
Rescue cage Crushing by mobile parts during levelling correction • 5.1.6.4.8
Impact against an obstacle • 5.1.6.4.12 • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.5.5 1.3 Cutting or severing hazard General
• EN 1846-2
Ladder set Damaged wire ropes • 5.1.6.8.2 1.4 Entanglement hazard General All moving parts • 5.1.6.7.1 • 5.1.6.8.2 • 7
Jacks Movement of the jacks • 5.1.6.2.11 • 5.1.6.2.14 • 5.1.6.2.15 • 5.1.6.5.2 • 7 SIST EN 14043:2005

Cradle/turret Entanglement by pinion/crown • 5.1.6.7.2
Entanglement by the moving turret • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.7.1 • 5.1.6.7.2
Rescue cage Cage deployment control • 5.1.6.5.4
Ladder set Entanglement by pulley and chains and entanglement by the winding drum • 5.1.6.8.2 1.5 Drawing-in or trapping hazard General Presence of a person in the working area
• 5.1.6.5.6 1.6 Impact hazard Jacks Movement of the jacks • 5.1.6.5.2 • 5.1.6.2.14 • 7
Put pressure on the ground • 5.1.6.5.2 • 5.1.6.2.14 • 7
Neutralisation suspension Re-establishing ground contact with the tyres during return to travel position • 5.1.6.2.15
Cradle/turret Crushing by the turret in motion • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.7.1 • 5.1.6.7.2 • 7
Rescue cage Impact against an obstacle • 5.1.6.4.3 • 5.1.6.4.12 • 5.1.6.4.14 • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.5.5 • 7 SIST EN 14043:2005

Couplings, etc. • 5.1.6.9
• Wire ropes • Linkages • All hydraulic components • 7 1.9 High pressure fluid injection or ejection hazard Hydraulic drive systems Injury and/or contamination by leakage or rupture • 5.1.6.9 • 7 2 Electrical hazards 2.1
Contact of persons with live parts (direct contact) Overall design General measures • EN 60204-1 2.2 Contact of persons with parts which have become live under faulty conditions (indirect contact) Overall design General measures • EN 60204-1 2.3 Approach to live parts under high voltage Ladder set Contact with overhead electrical conductors • 5.1.6.2.10 • 7 2.4 Electrostatic hazard General
• 5.1.6.2.10 4 Hazard generated by noise 4.2 Interference with speech communication, acoustic signals, etc. Communications
• 5.1.6.8.5
Ladder Normal operation • 5.1.6.8.5 • 5.1.7 • Annexes C and F of EN 1846-2:2001SIST EN 14043:2005

cage/ladder • access ladder/chassis deck • access ladder/ground level • Emergency operating system
• 5.1.6.8.4
• 5.1.6.8.3
• 5.1.6.11.2
• 5.1.2.3.6
Rescue cage Fitting/removal • 5.1.6.4.6 8.2 Inadequate consideration of hand-arm or foot-leg anatomy Jack control console Jack control • 5.1.6.5.1 • 5.1.6.5.2
Cradle/turret control console Cradle/turret movement control • 5.1.6.5.1 • 5.1.6.5.3
Ladder set control console Ladder set movement control • 5.1.6.5.1 • 5.1.6.5.3
Ladder set Access • 5.1.6.11.2 • 5.1.6.11.5
Rescue cage control console Ladder/cradle/turret movement • 5.1.6.5.1 • 5.1.6.5.5
Good visibility of the movement • 5.1.6.5.5
Main control console Access • 5.1.6.5.3 8.3 Neglected use of personal protection equipment General
• 7 8.4 Inadequate local lighting Control consoles Use of consoles • 5.1.6.5.1
Access to the main control console Use of consoles • 5.1.6.5.3 8.5 Mental overload and underload, stress All movements Use of controls without error • 5.1.6.5.1 • 5.1.6.5.2 • 5.1.6.5.3 • 5.1.6.5.5 SIST EN 14043:2005

Control consoles
Operating controls/reading of information • 5.1.6.5 • 7 10 Unexpected start-up, unexpected overrun/overspeed (or any similar malfunction)
The whole ladder General operation • 5.1.6
Intentional stop or failure of the main power supply • 5.1.2.3.6 • 5.1.2.3.7 10.3 External influences on electrical equipment Electrical circuits and components General measures • 5.1.6.10 10.5 Errors in the software Software
• 5.1.6.12 13 Failure of the power supply
The whole ladder General operation • 5.1.2.3.6
Intentional stop or failure of the main power supply • 5.1.2.3.6
Jacks Rupture of the power supply of the components • 5.1.6.2.5
Suspension locking Rupture of the power supply of the components • 5.1.6.2.5
Cradle/turret Failure of the power supply of the components • 5.1.6.13.1
Ladder set Rupture of the power supply of the components • 5.1.6.13.1
Rescue cage Rupture of the power supply of the components • 5.1.6.13.1
Software Insufficient supply and/or failure • 5.1.6.12.3 • 5.1.6.12.8 14 Failure of the control circuit
Jacks Failure in the control software • 5.1.6.12
Restarting • 5.1.6.5.1
Suspension locking Failure in the control software • 5.1.6.12
Restarting • 5.1.6.5.1
Cradle/turret Failure in the control software • 5.1.6.12 SIST EN 14043:2005

Restarting • 5.1.6.5.1
Failure of a drive or load retaining element • 5.1.6.13.1 • 5.1.6.13.2 • 5.1.6.13.3
Ladder set Failure in the control software • 5.1.6.12
Restarting • 5.1.6.5.1
Failure of a drive or load retaining element • 5.1.2 • 5.1.6.13.1 • 5.1.6.13.2 • 5.1.6.13.3
Rescue cage Failure in the control software • 5.1.6.12
Restarting • 5.1.6.5.1
Failure of a drive or load retaining element • 5.1.6.4.2 • 5.1.6.4.7 • 5.1.6.5.1
Analogical detectors Normal operation • 5.1.6.12.6 • 5.1.6.12.7
Logical detectors Normal operation • 5.1.6.12.3 • 5.1.6.12.5 • 5.1.6.12.7 • 7
Management of the stability Normal operation • 5.1.2.3.9
Operation without safety measures • 5.1.2.3.5 • 5.1.2.3.7 15 Errors of fitting
Rescue cage Fitting of the rescue cage to the tip of the ladder set • 5.1.6.4.6 • 5.1.6.4.7 17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids
General
• 5.1.6.9
• 7
Drive hydraulic systems Injury and/or contamination by leakage or rupture • 5.1.6.9 • 7 SIST EN 14043:2005

Rescue cage Elements falling from the rescue cage • 5.1.6.4.3 • 5.1.6.4.5 • 5.1.6.4.11 18 Loss of stability/overturning of machinery
General All movements • 5.1.1 • 5.1.2
Jacks Unsuitable ground • 5.1.6.2.12 • 7
Movement of the vehicle • 5.1.6.1
Variation of jacking width • 5.1.6.2
Unevenness of the ground • 5.1.6.2.6 • 5.1.6.2.7 • 5.1.6.2.8
Jacking Ground pressure failure • 5.1.6.2.2 • 5.1.6.5.3 • 7
Technical defect • 5.1.1
Inadvertent operation • 5.1.6.2.4
Damage to the jacks due to external action • 5.1.6.2.11
Suspension locking Normal operation • 5.1.6.2.16
Cradle/turret Technical defect • 5.1.1
Exterior impact • 5.1.6.7.2
Ladder set Exceeding the stability limits • 5.1.2 • 5.1.6.3.3 • 5.1.6.3.4
Overload • 5.1.4
External influence by wind load • 5.1.6.6 • 7
Exceeding the limits of free standing use in order to attain the limits of supported use • 5.1.2.3.2 • 7
Rescue cage Overload in the rescue cage • 5.1.6.4.13 SIST EN 14043:2005

Vehicle deck Standing or moving
• 5.1.6.11.1 • 5.1.6.11.3
Ladder set Rounds • 5.1.6.3.1
Rescue cage Defective horizontal alignment of the cage floor • 5.1.6.4.1 • 7
Access rescue cage/ladder • 5.1.6.4.9 21 Hazards linked to the work position 21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the work position Vehicle deck Getting up and down • 5.1.6.11.2 • 5.1.6.11.5 • 5.1.6.11.6
Standing or moving on the platform surface • 5.1.6.11.1 • 5.1.6.11.3
Cradle/turret Access to main control console if required • 5.1.6.5.3
Ladder set Access • 5.1.6.8.3 • 5.1.6.8.4 • 7
Rescue cage Access to rescue cage/ladder • 5.1.6.4.9 35 Falling of person from person carrier
Rescue cage Falling from the rescue cage • 5.1.6.4.3 • 5.1.6.4.4 • 7 37 Human error, human behaviour
Control consoles Operating controls • 5.1.6.3 • 5.1.6.5 • 7
Reading of information • 5.1.6.5 • 7 SIST EN 14043:2005

Key 1 Force resulting from wind load, Fw 2 Force resulting from dead weight load, FG and FE 3 Force resulting from inertial forces, FN 4 Force resulting from the working load, FL 5 Force resulting from diverse forces (e.g. jet reaction), Fs 6 Force resulting from residual forces, FR 7 Angle being the combination of camber angle and gradient angle Figure 4 — Example of forces acting on turntable ladder 5.1.2.1.2 Calculation of the working load (see Figure 5) The working load shall be assumed to be a point concentrated on the base of the rescue cage acting at the centre of area of the base. The area of the cage base is the area within the upper handrail and not the area determined in accordance with 5.1.6.4.13. For ladders without rescue cage, the mass shall be applied at the end of the ladder set, in the centre of the last round. The mass corresponding to the supplementary load to be taken into account shall be at least 25 kg. SIST EN 14043:2005

where q is the impact pressure of 100 N/mm²; and
Aproj. is the outside surface of the ladder. SIST EN 14043:2005

Key 1 Overall height of cage 2 Width exposed to the wind Figure 6 — Surface exposed to the wind 5.1.2.1.3.4 The wind force acting on the equipment in the rescue cage is calculated as a force equal to 3 % of dead weight (see Table 1) of the equipment acting at a point 0,5 m above the base of the rescue cage. 5.1.2.1.4 Calculation of manual force The minimum value for the manual force is assumed to be 200 N for turntable ladder vehicles. The manual force acts at a height of 1,1 m over the base of the rescue cage. Any greater permissible force shall be specified by the manufacturer. 5.1.2.1.5 Safety factors for turntable ladders 5.1.2.1.5.1 Table 2 and Figures 4 and 5 shall be used for the load calculations. SIST EN 14043:2005

Symbol Unit Direction of action Factors for use in calculations Speed of movement V m/s - ≤ 0,7 > 0,7 Forces engendered by gravity (dead weight) FG N vertical 1,0 × FG Force engendered by working load (applied load) FL N vertical 1,25 × FL Inertial forces FN N
tangential to direction of movement 0,1 × FE
+ 0,1 × FL 0,2 × FE
+ 0,2 × FL Wind forces FW N horizontal 1,1 × FW Diverse forces FS N Selected angle1,1 × FS Key
FL = PL × g (N) FE is the force engendered by the unloaded ladder set (N) = mE × g mE is the mass of the ladder set (kg) FG = mG × g (N) g = 9,81 (m/s2) mG is the mass (kg) NOTE Pitching inaccuracies (sloping ground): 0,5 (see 5.1.2.1.5.8).
5.1.2.1.5.2 Forces engendered by gravity (FG and FE) which generate a tilting moment and/or righting moment, are multiplied by the factor of 1,0. They are assumed to be acting vertically downwards. 5.1.2.1.5.3 Forces engendered by the gravity of the maximum working load (FL), which create a tilting moment and/or righting moment are multiplied by the factor of 1,25. They are assumed to be acting vertically downwards. 5.1.2.1.5.4 Inertial forces engendered by masses in motion (mass forces FN) are multiplied by a factor of 0,1 for V ≤ 0,7 m/s and by the factor of 0,2 for V > 0,7 m/s. They are assumed to act tangentially to the direction of movement which generates the maximum tilting moment and applied to the centre of gravity of the structure in motion. 5.1.2.1.5.5 Diverse forces (FS) (e.g. manual forces, reaction to a water jet) are multiplied by the factor of 1,1 and assumed to act in the direction of movement which generates the maximum tilting moment. 5.1.2.1.5.6 Wind forces (FW) having an influence on stability are multiplied by the factor of 1,1. They are assumed to act horizontally. 5.1.2.1.5.7 The absolute velocity at the head of the extended ladder set under normal working conditions shall be taken as the speed of movement V. 5.1.2.1.5.8 Forces resulting from 0,5° pitching inaccuracies in turntable ladders shall also be taken into consideration (see Table 2 and 5.1.2.1.1). SIST EN 14043:2005
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