EN ISO 19109:2015

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-december-2016
1DGRPHãþD
SIST EN ISO 19109:2006
Geografske informacije - Pravila za aplikacijsko shemo (ISO 19109:2015)
Geographic information - Rules for application schema (ISO 19109:2015)
Geoinformation - Regeln zur Erstellung von Anwendungsschemata (ISO 19109:2015)
Information géographique - Règles relatives aux schémas d'application (ISO
19109:2015)
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: EN ISO 19109:2015
ICS:
07.040 Astronomija. Geodezija. Astronomy. Geodesy.
Geografija Geography
35.240.70 Uporabniške rešitve IT v IT applications in science
znanosti
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

EN ISO 19109
EUROPEAN STANDARD
NORME EUROPÉENNE
December 2015
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
ICS 35.240.70 Supersedes EN ISO 19109:2006
English Version
Geographic information - Rules for application schema
(ISO 19109:2015)
Information géographique - Règles de schéma Geoinformation - Regeln zur Erstellung von
d'application (ISO 19109:2015) Anwendungsschemata (ISO 19109:2015)
This European Standard was approved by CEN on 20 November 2015.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this
European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references
concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN
member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by
translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management
Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN ISO 19109:2015 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3

European foreword
This document (EN ISO 19109:2015) has been prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 211
"Geographic information/Geomatics" in collaboration with Technical Committee CEN/TC 287
“Geographic Information” the secretariat of which is held by BSI.
This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by June 2016, and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by June 2016.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent
rights.
This document supersedes EN ISO 19109:2006.
According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the
following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria,
Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia,
France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta,
Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland,
Turkey and the United Kingdom.
Endorsement notice
The text of ISO 19109:2015 has been approved by CEN as EN ISO 19109:2015 without any modification.
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 19109
Second edition
2015-12-15
Geographic information — Rules for
application schema
Information géographique — Règles de schéma d’application
Reference number
ISO 19109:2015(E)
©
ISO 2015
ISO 19109:2015(E)
© ISO 2015, Published in Switzerland
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form
or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior
written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO’s member body in the country of
the requester.
ISO copyright office
Ch. de Blandonnet 8 • CP 401
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
Tel. +41 22 749 01 11
Fax +41 22 749 09 47
copyright@iso.org
www.iso.org
ii © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
Contents Page
Foreword .vi
Introduction .vii
1 Scope . 1
2 Conformance . 1
2.1 General . 1
2.2 Meta-model . 1
2.3 UML application schema . 2
2.4 Profiling standard schema . 2
2.5 Metadata . 2
2.6 Quality . 2
2.7 Temporal . 2
2.8 Spatial . 3
2.9 Coverages . 3
2.10 Observations . 3
2.11 Spatial referencing by identifiers . 3
2.12 Code list . 3
2.13 Multi-lingual support . 4
3 Normative references . 4
4 Terms and definitions . 4
5 Presentation and abbreviations . 7
5.1 Presentation . 7
5.1.1 General. 7
5.1.2 Conformance class . 7
5.1.3 Requirements class . 7
5.1.4 Rules . 7
5.1.5 Identifiers . 8
5.1.6 Conceptual schemas. 8
5.1.7 Descriptions of concepts . 8
5.2 Abbreviations . 8
5.3 Package abbreviations . 8
6 Context . 9
6.1 Purpose of an application schema . 9
6.2 Rules for application schema . 9
6.3 Application schema supporting data interchange .10
6.3.1 Introduction .10
6.3.2 Data interchange by transfer .10
6.3.3 Data interchange by transactions .11
7 Principles for defining features .12
7.1 General .12
7.2 Features, Coverages and Properties .13
7.2.1 Features .13
7.2.2 Coverages .13
7.2.3 Properties and observations .14
7.3 Features and the application schema .14
7.4 The General Feature Model .16
7.4.1 Introduction .16
7.4.2 The purpose of the GFM .16
7.4.3 The main structure of the GFM .16
7.4.4 IdentifiedType .18
7.4.5 FeatureType .18
7.4.6 PropertyType .19
7.4.7 AttributeType .19
ISO 19109:2015(E)
7.4.8 Operation .20
7.4.9 FeatureAssociationRole .21
7.4.10 ValueAssignment .21
7.4.11 FeatureAssociationType .23
7.4.12 InheritanceRelation . .23
7.5 Attributes of feature types .24
7.5.1 Introduction .24
7.5.2 SpatialAttributeType .24
7.5.3 TemporalAttributeType .24
7.5.4 QualityAttributeType .25
7.5.5 LocationAttributeType .25
7.5.6 MetadataAttributeType.25
7.5.7 ThematicAttributeType .25
7.5.8 CoverageFunctionAttributeType.25
7.6 Relationships between feature types .25
7.6.1 Introduction .25
7.6.2 InheritanceRelation . .25
7.6.3 FeatureAssociationType .26
7.7 Constraints .27
8 Rules for application schema in UML .27
8.1 The application modelling process.27
8.2 The application schema .28
8.2.1 General.28
8.2.2 Conceptual schema language for application schemas .28
8.2.3 Packaging and identification of an application schema .30
8.2.4 Documentation of an application schema .30
8.2.5 Integration of application schemas and standard schemas .30
8.2.6 Modelling structures in UML .32
8.3 Domain profiles of standard schemas in UML .37
8.3.1 Introduction .37
8.3.2 Adding information to a standard schema .37
8.3.3 Tailored use of standard schemas .38
8.4 Rules for use of metadata schema .39
8.4.1 Introduction .39
8.4.2 Metadata for features, feature attributes, and feature associations .40
8.5 Rules for use of quality schema .40
8.5.1 Introduction .40
8.5.2 Data quality rules .41
8.6 Temporal rules .44
8.6.1 Rules for modelling applications with temporal properties .44
8.6.2 Use of the temporal conceptual schema .44
8.6.3 Temporal attributes.44
8.6.4 Temporal associations between features .46
8.7 Spatial rules .48
8.7.1 Rules for modelling applications with spatial properties .48
8.7.2 Use of standard spatial schema .49
8.7.3 Spatial attributes .50
8.7.4 Use of geometric aggregates and spatial complexes to represent the
values of spatial attributes of features .51
8.7.5 Spatial associations between features .55
8.7.6 Features sharing geometry .57
8.7.7 Point features, line features and area features .58
8.7.8 Defining interpolation methods .58
8.7.9 Independent spatial complexes .59
8.8 Rules for use of coverage functions .61
8.9 Rules for the use of observations .63
8.10 Spatial referencing using geographic identifiers .66
8.11 Code lists, vocabularies, lexicons .68
iv © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
8.12 Linguistic adaptation .69
Annex A (normative) Abstract test suite .70
Annex B (informative) The modelling approach and the General Feature Model .82
Annex C (informative) Application schema examples .85
Bibliography .91
ISO 19109:2015(E)
Foreword
ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards
bodies (ISO member bodies). The work of preparing International Standards is normally carried out
through ISO technical committees. Each member body interested in a subject for which a technical
committee has been established has the right to be represented on that committee. International
organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work.
ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2. www.iso.org/directives
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. ISO shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. Details of
any patent rights identified during the development of the document will be in the Introduction and/or
on the ISO list of patent declarations received. www.iso.org/patents
Any trade name used in this document is information given for the convenience of users and does not
constitute an endorsement.
For an explanation on the meaning of ISO specific terms and expressions related to conformity
assessment, as well as information about ISO’s adherence to the WTO principles in the Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) see the following URL: Foreword - Supplementary information
The committee responsible for this document is ISO/TC 211, Geographic information/Geomatics.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 19109:2005).
vi © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
Introduction
Any description of reality is always an abstraction, always partial, and always just one of many possible
“views”, depending on the application field.
The widespread application of computers and geographic information systems (GIS) has led to an
increased use of geographic data within multiple disciplines. With current technology as an enabler,
society’s reliance on such data is growing. Geographic datasets are increasingly being shared and
exchanged. They are also used for purposes other than those for which they were produced.
To ensure that data will be understood by both computer systems and users, the data structures for
data access and exchange must be fully documented. The interfaces between systems, therefore, need
to be defined with respect to data and operations, using the methods standardized in this International
Standard. For the construction of internal software and data storage within proprietary systems, any
method may be used that enables the standardized interfaces to be supported.
An application schema provides the formal description of the data structure and content required by
one or more applications. An application schema contains the descriptions of both geographic data and
other related data. A fundamental concept of geographic data is the feature.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 19109:2015(E)
Geographic information — Rules for application schema
1 Scope
This International Standard defines rules for creating and documenting application schemas, including
principles for the definition of features.
The scope of this International Standard includes the following:
— conceptual modelling of features and their properties from a universe of discourse;
— definition of application schemas;
— use of the conceptual schema language for application schemas;
— transition from the concepts in the conceptual model to the data types in the application schema;
— integration of standardized schemas from other ISO geographic information standards with the
application schema.
The following are outside the scope:
— choice of one particular conceptual schema language for application schemas;
— definition of any particular application schema;
— representation of feature types and their properties in a feature catalogue;
— representation of metadata;
— rules for mapping one application schema to another;
— implementation of the application schema in a computer environment;
— computer system and application software design;
— programming.
2 Conformance
2.1 General
This International Standard defines 12 conformance classes shown in Tables 1 to 12, matching the 12
requirements classes described in Clauses 7 and 8. Any application schema claiming conformance to any
requirements class in this International Standard shall pass all of the tests listed in the corresponding
conformance class, which are described in detail in the abstract test suites in Annex A. Each test relates
to one or more specific requirements, which are explicitly indicated in the description of the test.
2.2 Meta-model
Table 1 — Meta-model conformance class
Conformance class /conf/general
Requirements /req/general (Clause 7, Table 15)
Tests All tests in A.2
ISO 19109:2015(E)
2.3 UML application schema
Table 2 — UML application schema conformance class
Conformance class /conf/uml
Dependency /conf/general (2.2)
Requirements /req/uml (8.2, Table 16)
Tests All tests in A.3
2.4 Profiling standard schema
Table 3 — Profiling standard schema conformance class
Conformance class /conf/profile
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/profile (8.3, Table 19)
Tests All tests in A.4
2.5 Metadata
Table 4 — Metadata conformance class
Conformance class /conf/metadata
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/metadata (8.4, Table 20)
Tests All tests in A.5
2.6 Quality
Table 5 — Quality conformance class
Conformance class /conf/quality
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/quality (8.5, Table 21)
Tests All tests in A.6
2.7 Temporal
Table 6 — Temporal conformance class
Conformance class /conf/temporal
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/temporal (8.6, Table 23)
Tests All tests in A.7
2 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
2.8 Spatial
Table 7 — Spatial conformance class
Conformance class /conf/spatial
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/spatial (8.7, Table 25)
Tests All tests in A.8
2.9 Coverages
Table 8 — Coverages conformance class
Conformance class /conf/coverage
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/coverage (8.8, Table 27)
Tests All tests in A.9
2.10 Observations
Table 9 — Observations conformance class
Conformance class /conf/observation
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/observation (8.9, Table 29)
Tests All tests in A.10
2.11 Spatial referencing by identifiers
Table 10 — Spatial referencing by identifiers conformance class
Conformance class /conf/identifier
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/identifier (8.10, Table 30)
Tests All tests in A.11
2.12 Code list
Table 11 — Code list conformance class
Conformance class /conf/codeList
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/codeList (8.11, Table 31)
Tests All tests in A.12
ISO 19109:2015(E)
2.13 Multi-lingual support
Table 12 — Multi-lingual support conformance class
Conformance class /conf/multi-lingual
Dependency /conf/uml (2.3)
Requirements /req/multi-lingual (8.12, Table 32)
Tests All tests in A.13
3 Normative references
The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated
references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced
document (including any amendments) applies.
IETF RFC 5646 (2009), Tags for Identifying Languages, available at rfc5646>
ISO 19103:2015, Geographic information — Conceptual schema language
ISO 19107:2003, Geographic information — Spatial schema
ISO 19108:2002, Geographic information — Temporal schema
ISO 19112:2003, Geographic information — Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
ISO 19115-1:2014, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 1: Fundamentals
ISO 19115-2:2009, Geographic information — Metadata — Part 2: Extensions for imagery and gridded data
ISO 19123:2005, Geographic information — Schema for coverage geometry and functions
ISO 19156:2011, Geographic information — Observations and measurements
ISO 19157:2013, Geographic information — Data quality
ISO/IEC 19505-2:2012, Information technology — Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language
(OMG UML) — Part 2: Superstructure
4 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
4.1
application
manipulation and processing of data in support of user requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.1]
4.2
application schema
conceptual schema (4.5) for data required by one or more applications (4.1)
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.2]
4.3
complex feature
feature (4.9) composed of other features
4 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
4.4
conceptual model
model (4.15) that defines concepts of a universe of discourse (4.19)
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.5]
4.5
conceptual schema
formal description of a conceptual model (4.4)
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.6]
4.6
coverage
feature (4.9) that acts as a function to return values (4.20) from its range for any direct position within
its spatial, temporal or spatiotemporal domain (4.8)
[SOURCE: ISO 19123:2005, 4.1.7]
4.7
dataset
identifiable collection of data
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.3]
4.8
domain
well-defined set
Note 1 to entry: Well-defined means that the definition is both necessary and sufficient, as everything that satisfies
the definition is in the set and everything that does not satisfy the definition is necessarily outside the set.
4.9
feature
abstraction of real-world phenomena
Note 1 to entry: A feature can occur as a type or an instance. Feature type or feature instance should be used
when only one is meant.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.11]
4.10
feature association
relationship that links instances of one feature (4.9) type with instances of the same or a different
feature type
[SOURCE: ISO 19110:2005, 4.2]
4.11
feature attribute
characteristic of a feature (4.9)
Note 1 to entry: A feature attribute can occur as a type or an instance. Feature attribute type or feature attribute
instance is used when only one is meant.
Note 2 to entry: A feature attribute type has a name, a data type and a domain (4.8) associated with it. A feature
attribute instance has an attribute value (4.20) taken from the domain of the feature attribute type.
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.12, modified – Notes and examples in 19101-1 have been omitted and
other notes have been added.]
ISO 19109:2015(E)
4.12
feature operation
operation that every instance of a feature (4.9) type may perform
EXAMPLE 1 A feature operation upon the feature type “dam” is to raise the dam. The results of this operation
are to raise the height of the “dam” and the level of water in a “reservoir”.
EXAMPLE 2 A feature operation by the feature type “dam” might be to block vessels from navigating along
a watercourse.
[SOURCE: ISO 19110:2005, 4.5, modified - The note given in ISO 19110:2005 for this entry has been
omitted. A second example has been added.]
4.13
geographic data
data with implicit or explicit reference to a location relative to the Earth
Note 1 to entry: Geographic information is also used as a term for information concerning phenomena implicitly
or explicitly associated with a location relative to the Earth.
4.14
metadata
information about a resource
[SOURCE: ISO 19115-1:2014, 4.10]
4.15
model
abstraction of some aspects of reality
4.16
observation
act of measuring or otherwise determining the value (4.20) of a property (4.17)
[SOURCE: ISO 19156:2011, 4.11]
4.17
property
facet or attribute of an object referenced by a name
[SOURCE: ISO 19143:2010, 4.21]
4.18
quality
degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfils requirements
[SOURCE: ISO 9000:2005, 3.1.1]
4.19
universe of discourse
view of the real or hypothetical world that includes everything of interest
[SOURCE: ISO 19101-1:2014, 4.1.38]
4.20
value
element of a type domain (4.8)
[SOURCE: ISO/IEC 19501:2005, 0000_5]
6 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
5 Presentation and abbreviations
5.1 Presentation
5.1.1 General
This International Standard describes how to create an application schema that integrates conceptual
schemas defined in the ISO geographic information standards. In addition to stating the rules for
creating application schemas, this International Standard provides guidance through examples.
5.1.2 Conformance class
Conformance to this International Standard is possible at a number of levels, specified by conformance
classes (Clause 2). Each conformance class is summarized using the template shown as Table 13.
Table 13 — Conformance class template
Conformance class /conf/{classM}
Dependency [identifier for another conformance class]
Requirements /req/{classA}
Tests [reference to clause(s) containing tests]
All tests in a class must be passed, so dependencies are recorded with respect to other conformance
classes rather than individual tests . Each conformance class tests conformance to a set of requirements
packaged in a requirements class (Clauses 7 and 8).
5.1.3 Requirements class
Each normative statement (requirement or recommendation) in this International Standard is a
member of a requirements class. In this International Standard each requirements class is described in
a discrete clause or subclause, and summarized using the template shown as Table 14.
Table 14 — Requirements class template
Requirements class /req/{classM}
Target type [artefact or technology type]
Dependency [identifier for another requirements class]
Requirement /req/{classM}/{reqN}
Recommendation /rec/{classM}/{recO}
Requirement /req/{classM}/{reqP}
Requirement/Recommendation [repeat as necessary]
All requirements in a class must be satisfied, so the requirements class is the unit of re-use and
dependency, rather than individual requirements. Hence, the value of a Dependency requirement is
another requirements class.
5.1.4 Rules
All rules are normative, and each rule is presented using the following template:
/re(c|q)/[classM]/[reqN] [Normative statement]
ISO 19109:2015(E)
where /re(c|q)/[classM]/[reqN] identifies the requirement or recommendation. The use of this layout
convention allows the normative provisions of this International Standard to be easily located by
implementers.
5.1.5 Identifiers
Each requirements class, requirement and recommendation has an identifier in the form of a path or
partial URI. The identifier supports cross-referencing of class membership, dependencies, and links from
each conformance test to requirements tested. The identifier can be appended to a URI that identifies
the standard as a whole in order to construct an absolute URI which identifies the requirements class,
requirement or recommendation. For example, a URI scheme following the approach described in 2.8 of
[IETF RFC 5141] would result in
— http://standards.iso.org/iso/19109/ed-2
Hence, the absolute URI for each requirements class would have the form
— http://standards.iso.org/iso/19109/ed-2/req/[classM]
and the absolute URI for each requirement or recommendation would have the form
— http://standards.iso.org/iso/19109/ed-2/req/[classM]/[reqN]
5.1.6 Conceptual schemas
Conceptual schemas in the normative part of this International Standard are presented in the Unified
Modeling Language (UML) in conformance with ISO 19103. UML diagrams are presented in compliance
with ISO/IEC 19505-2.
5.1.7 Descriptions of concepts
Concepts from UML are presented in all capitals – e.g. CLASS, PACKAGE, ROLE, ATTRIBUTE, ASSOCIATION.
5.2 Abbreviations
CSL Conceptual Schema Language
GFM General Feature Model
OCL Object Constraint Language
OWL Web Ontology Language
UML Unified Modeling Language
5.3 Package abbreviations
Concepts from schemas defined in some other International Standards are designated with names that
start with two-letter codes as follow:
CV ISO 19123:2005 Schema for Coverage Geometry and Functions
DQ ISO 19157:2013 Data Quality
GM ISO 19107:2003 Spatial Schema
LI ISO 19115-2:2009 Metadata extensions for imagery
MD ISO 19115-1:2014 Metadata fundamentals
8 © ISO 2015 – All rights reserved

ISO 19109:2015(E)
MI ISO 19115-2:2009 Metadata extensions for imagery
OM ISO 19156:2011 Observations and Measurements
SF ISO 19156:2011 Observations and Measurements
SI ISO 19112:2003 Spatial referencing by geographic identifiers
TM ISO 19108:2002 Temporal Schema, Temporal Objects
TP ISO 19108:2002 Temporal Schema, Temporal Topology
6 Context
6.1 Purpose of an application schema
An application schema is a conceptual schema for data required by one
...