ASTM F1736-03
(Guide)Standard Guide for Irradiation of Finfish and Aquatic Invertebrates Used as Food to Control Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms
Standard Guide for Irradiation of Finfish and Aquatic Invertebrates Used as Food to Control Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Absorbed doses of or below 1 kGy can inactivate some parasites, such as the broad fish tapeworm (Dibothrocephalus latus) (2).
Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce or eliminate vegetative cells of pathogenic sporeforming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, such as Clostridia spp., Vibrio spp., Salmonellae, Listeria monocytogenes, or Staphylococcus aureus, that may be present in fresh or frozen product.
4.2.1 Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce the numbers of some spores, but are not adequate to reduce the potential health risk from microbial spores or toxins (3).
Absorbed doses below 10 kGy can reduce or eliminate the vegetative cells of sporeforming and non-sporeforming microorganisms, such as Bacillus or Pseudomonas species, that cause spoilage of fresh product, thus extending refrigerated shelf life in many cases (4).
SCOPE
1.1 This guide outlines procedures and requirements for the irradiation of raw, untreated, fresh (chilled), or frozen finfish or shellfish.
1.2 This guide covers absorbed doses used to reduce the microbial population in shellfish and finfish. Such doses typically are below 10 kGy.
1.3 The use of vacuum packaging with irradiated, raw seafood is not covered by this guide because of the potential for outgrowth of, and toxin production from, Clostridium botulinum spores which can grow in the anaerobic environment created by vacuum packaging.
1.4 This guide does not cover the irradiation of dried fish to control insect infestation.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: F 1736 – 03
Standard Guide for
Irradiation of Finfish and Aquatic Invertebrates Used as
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Food to Control Pathogens and Spoilage Microorganisms
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1736; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this guide is to present information on the use of ionizing radiation for eliminating
or reducing the number of pathogenic microorganisms and parasites and for reducing the number of
spoilage microorganisms on finfish and aquatic invertebrates. Information on the handling of finfish
and aquatic invertebrates before receipt by the irradiation facility and after shipment from the facility
is also provided.
This guide is intended to serve as a set of recommendations to be followed when using irradiation
technology where approved by an appropriate regulatory control authority. It is not to be construed as
setting forth rigid requirements for the use of irradiation.While the use of irradiation involves certain
essential requirements to attain the objective of the treatment, some parameters can be varied in
optimizing the process.
This guide is based on a guideline published by the International Consultative Group on Food
Irradiation (ICGFI) at the initiation of the Joint Food and Agriculture Organization/International
Atomic EnergyAgency Division of NuclearTechniques in Food andAgriculture, which serves as the
Secretariat to the ICGFI.
1. Scope with irradiated, raw product is not covered by this guide. The
anaerobic environment created by reduced-oxygen packaging
1.1 This guide outlines procedures and operations for the
provides the potential for outgrowth of, and toxin production
irradiation of raw, untreated, fresh (chilled), or frozen finfish
from, Clostridium botulinum spores.
and aquatic invertebrates, while ensuring that the irradiated
1.4 This guide does not cover the irradiation of smoked or
product is safe and wholesome.
dried fish to reduce microbial load or to control insect
1.1.1 Aquatic Invertebrates include molluscs, crustacea,
infestation.
echinoderms, etc.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
1.1.1.1 Molluscs include bivalve shellfish, such as clams,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mussels, and oysters; snails; and cephalopods, such as squid
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
and octopus.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
1.1.1.2 Crustacea include shellfish such as shrimp, lobster,
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
crabs, prawns and crayfish.
1.1.1.3 Echinoderms include sea urchins and sea cucum-
2. Referenced Documents
bers.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This guide covers absorbed doses used to reduce the
E170 Terminologies Relating to Radiation Measurements
microbial and parasite populations in aquatic invertebrates and
2 and Dosimetry
finfish. Such doses typically are below 10 kGy (1).
F1416 Guide for the Selection of Time-Temperature Indi-
1.3 The use of reduced-oxygen packaging (vacuum or
cators
modified atmosphere, and including products packed in oil)
F1640 GuideforSelectionandUseofPackagingMaterials
for Foods to be Irradiated
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E10 on Nuclear
Technology and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
E10.01 on Radiation Processing: Dosimetry and Applications.
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Current edition approved July 10, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as F1736–96. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
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F1736–03
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2.2 ISO/ASTM Standards: 3.1.4 transport system—the conveyor or other mechanical
51204 Practice for Dosimetry in Gamma Irradiation Facili- system used to move the product to be irradiated through the
ties for Food Processing irradiator.
51261 Guide for the Selection and Application of Dosim-
etry Systems for Radiation Processing
4. Significance and Use
51431 Practice for Dosimetry in Electron and Bremsstrahl-
4.1 Absorbed doses of or below 1 kGy can inactivate some
ung Irradiation Facilities
...
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