ASTM D4306-97

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 4306 – 97 An American National Standard
Standard Practice for
Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace
Contamination
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 3. Significance and Use
1.1 This practice describes the types of and preparation of 3.1 General descriptions for the manual sampling of petro-
containers found most suitable for the handling of aviation fuel leum products are given in Practice D 4057. However, a
samples for the determination of critical properties affected by number of aviation fuel properties are established or affected
trace contamination. by trace levels of polar or other compounds. Measurement
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the significance therefore requires that the sample containers not
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the add or adsorb any materials. This practice presents types and
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- preparations of sampling containers found satisfactory for the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- determination of water separation, copper corrosion, electrical
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard conductivity, thermal stability, lubricity, and trace metal con-
statements, see Note 2, Note 4, and 5. tent. An approval procedure for new containers is also given.
3.2 Two properties, particulate contamination and free water
2. Referenced Documents
content, involve materials easily removed by any sampling
2.1 ASTM Standards: container. These properties should be determined by placing
D 2624 Test Methods for Electrical Conductivity of Avia-
the sample directly into the measuring apparatus and not using
tion and Distillate Fuels Containing a Static Dissipator containers to transport the sample to the measuring equipment.
Additive
4. Apparatus
D 3602 Field Test Method for Water-Separation Character-
istics of Aviation Turbine Fuels 4.1 Sampling Containers:
D 3948 Test Methods for Determining Water Separation 4.1.1 Epoxy-coated Containers:
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable 4.1.1.1 While generally superior to other coatings, certain
Separometer epoxy-coatings evolve plasticizers which can adversely affect
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and critical fuel properties. Because no specification is known to
Petroleum Products describe a satisfactory epoxy-coating, 6.2 lists an approval
D 4308 Test Method for Electrical Conductivity of Liquid procedure which can be used to identify a satisfactory coating.
Hydrocarbons by Precision Meter 4.1.1.2 Coated cans should be examined closely to assure
2.2 SAE Standard: that the coating covers all inside surfaces. If not, the cans
SAE MAP-1794, The Ball on Cylinder Method for Measur- should be considered the same as tin-plated, soldered side seam
5,6
ing Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuel cans.
4.1.2 Borosilicate (hard) Glass Bottles.
4.1.2.1 Amber colored or bottles covered with an opaque
material such as aluminum foil are preferred to avoid possible
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on Petroleum
Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
reactions with sunlight.
D02.J0.09 on Additive-Related Properties.
4.1.3 Polytetrafluoroethylene Bottles.
Current edition approved Dec. 10, 1997. Published August 1998. Originally
4.1.4 Polyethylene Bottles, high-density, linear.
published as D 4306 – 84. Last previous edition D 4306 – 91(1997).
The detailed data on which this Practice is based may be found in ASTM 4.1.5 Steel Cans, tin-plated, soldered side seam.
Research Report D02-1169. Practice on Sampling Aviation Fuels for Tests Affected
4.2 Closures:
by Trace Contamination, ASTM Research Report D02-1142 Sampling for Trace
4.2.1 Closures with a metallic inside surface are preferred.
Metals in Gas Turbine and SAE Practice MAP-1794.
Closures with the same inside surfaces as suitable containers
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
such as polytetrafluoroethylene are also suitable.
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
4.2.2 Where required by shipping regulations such as DOT
Warrendale, PA 15096.
Alconox made by Alconox Inc., New York, NY 10003 has been found suitable.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4306
17C or 17E the closure should also include a metallic shipping (Warning—Combustible. Vapor harmful.) closed, and stored
seal. for at least one month at room temperature. During this period
the samples should be shaken strongly at least once a week. At
NOTE 1—The use of improper or uncleaned closures or shipping seals
the end of storage the sample should be tested for electrical
will destroy all precautions used in selecting and preparing containers. The
conductivity and water separation. The final electrical conduc-
use of properly selected and cleaned closures or seals is essential.
tivity should be within 50 % of the original value. The water
5. Reagents and Materials
separation rating should decrease by no more than 3 MSEP or
MSS units.
5.1 Acetone, CP Grade (see Note 2 and Note 3).
6.2.4 Supplemental testing is necessary if the fuel normally
5.2 Toluene, CP Grade (see Note 2 and Note 3). When used
contains additives such as conductivity improvers which may
to clean containers for conductivity, measure toluene conduc-
be desorbed. In that case a large additive-containing sample
tivity according to Test Method D 2624 or D 4308 and use only
which has been stored for a month or longer to equilibrate
if conductivity is less than 20 pS/m.
additive content should be used as the test fuel. Such fuel
5.3 Isopropanol, CP Grade (see Note 2 and Note 3).
should be expected to have a conductivity above 50 pS/m. The
5.4 Heptane, CP Grade (see Note 2 and Note 3).
final electrical conductivity should not change more than the
NOTE 2—Warning: Extremely flammable. Vapors may cause flash fire.
repeatability limits of Test Method D 2624 or D 4308, which-
NOTE 3—Because these solvents are available at various purity levels,
ever method is used to rate the fuel.
the use of CP grade is required to eliminates possible problems with
residual impurities.
NOTE 5—Effects due to containers are sometimes variable depending
NOTE 4—In many cases a mixture of heptane and isopropanol may be
on fuel sample properties especially if additives are present. Evaluations
used in place of toluene, except when soaking bottles in 6.5.3
with several fuels or fuel types are helpful to verify conclusions.
5.5 Detergent, heavy duty, water soluble, laboratory type.
6.3 Containers for Thermal Stability Testing:
5.6 Jet A or Jet A-1, used as reference fluid.
6.3.1 Epoxy-lined containers in accordance with 4.1.1 are
5.6.1 Reference fluid for approval testing with Jet A or Jet
preferred for immediate testing or sample storage. New con-
A-1 fuel is prepared in accordance with Test Method D 3948
tainers should be flushed three times with product being
(A1.) and should have an electrical conductivity of 0.1 to 1.0
sampled.
by Test Method D 4308 (or give a reading of less than 1
6.3.1.1 Used containers should be flushed three times with
according to Test Method D 2624) and an MSEP rating of 100
the container 10 to 20 % filled with the solvent indicated in 5.4.
by Test Method D 3948.
For each flush the container should be closed and shaken for 1
min and the solvent replaced for the next flush. After the last
6. Preparation of Apparatus
flush is drained the container should be air dried.
6.1 Introduction:
6.3.1.2 If the same fuel type containing the same additives is
6.1.1 Experience indicates no single container type to meet
to be resampled, flushing three times with the new sample is
all desired requirements including size and cost. Certain
considered adequate preparation.
container types have been found suitable for some test methods
6.3.2 New borosilicate glass bottles are not recommended.
but not for others. Some containers are adequate if the samples
6.3.3 New tin-plated cans with soldered side seams should
are used immediately but are not suitable for sample storage.
only be used if the container is cleaned and the sample is used
The procedure therefore designates the containers to be used
immediately.
for each test procedure and describes prior cleaning, if any. A
6.3.3.1 Cleaning Before Use—Half fill the container with
summary of the procedure will be found in Table 1. The
acetone. Alternatively, a mixture of equal volumes of acetone,
detailed procedures follow below. However, the possibility that
toluene, and isopropanol may be used. Replace closure and
a fuel may contain an unusual contaminant, making a normally
shake vigorously for 1 min. Drain the solvent and air dry. Fill
satisfactory container unsuit
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