ASTM D88-07(2013)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation:D88 −07 (Reapproved 2013) American Association State
Highway and Transportation Officials Standard
AASHTO No: T72
Method 304—Federal Test
Method Standard No. 791b
Replaces Method 4285 of Federal Test
Method Standard No. 141A
Standard Test Method for
Saybolt Viscosity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D88; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
1.1 This test method covers the empirical procedures for
ity)
determining the Saybolt Universal or Saybolt Furol viscosities
D2161 Practice for Conversion of Kinematic Viscosity to
of petroleum products at specified temperatures between 21
Saybolt Universal Viscosity or to Saybolt Furol Viscosity
and 99°C (70 and 210°F). A special procedure for waxy
D2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
products is indicated.
(Bitumens)
NOTE 1—Test Methods D445 and D2170 are preferred for the deter-
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
mination of kinematic viscosity. They require smaller samples and less
Petroleum Products
time, and provide greater accuracy. Kinematic viscosities may be con-
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
verted to Saybolt viscosities by use of the tables in Practice D2161.Itis
Petroleum Products
recommended that viscosity indexes be calculated from kinematic rather
than Saybolt viscosities.
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Sieves
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
E102 TestMethodforSayboltFurolViscosityofBituminous
only.
Materials at High Temperatures
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 3.1 Definitions:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Furol—an acronym of “Fuel and road oils.”
3.1.2 Saybolt Furol viscosity—the corrected efflux time in
2. Referenced Documents
seconds of 60 mLof sample flowing through a calibrated Furol
2.1 ASTM Standards:
orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity value is
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
reported in Saybolt Furol seconds, abbreviated SFS, at a
Closed Cup Tester
specified temperature.
D117 Guide for Sampling, Test Methods, and Specifications
3.1.3 Saybolt Universal viscosity—the corrected efflux time
for Electrical Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
in seconds of 60 mL of sample flowing through a calibrated
D140 Practice for Sampling Bituminous Materials
Universal orifice under specified conditions. The viscosity
D244 Test Methods and Practices for Emulsified Asphalts
value is reported in Saybolt Universal seconds, abbreviated
SUS, at a specified temperature.
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D08 on Roofing
and Waterproofing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D08.05 on
Solvent-Bearing Bituminous Compounds for Roofing and Waterproofing. 4. Summary of Test Method
Current edition approved May 1, 2013. Published May 2013. Originally
4.1 The efflux time in seconds of 60 mL of sample, flowing
approved in 1921. In 1923, combined with former Methods D47. Last previous
edition approved in 2007 as D88 – 07. DOI: 10.1520/D0088-07R13.
through a calibrated orifice, is measured under carefully
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
controlled conditions. This time is corrected by an orifice
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
factor and reported as the viscosity of the sample at that
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. temperature.
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D88−07 (2013)
5. Significance and Use 6.4 Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers ,aslistedinTable1,for
reading the temperature of the sample. Each thermometer shall
5.1 This test method is useful in characterizing certain
conform to the requirements listed in Specification E1 for that
petroleum products, as one element in establishing uniformity
ASTM Thermometer Number.
of shipments and sources of supply.
6.5 Bath Thermometers—Saybolt Viscosity thermometers,
5.2 See Guide D117 for applicability to mineral oils used as
or any other temperature-indicating means of equivalent accu-
electrical insulating oils.
racy.
5.3 The Saybolt Furol viscosity is approximately one tenth
6.6 Filter Funnel, as shown in Fig. 4, equipped with
the Saybolt Universal viscosity, and is recommended for
interchangeable 150-µm (No. 100) and 75-µm (No. 200)
characterization of petroleum products such as fuel oils and
wire-cloth inserts meeting the requirements of Specification
other residual materials having Saybolt Universal viscosities
E11 with respect to the wire cloth.
greater than 1000 s.
6.7 Receiving Flask, as shown in Fig. 5.
5.4 Determination of the Saybolt Furol viscosity of bitumi-
nous materials at higher temperatures is covered by Test
6.8 Timer, graduated in tenths of a second, and accurate to
Method E102.
within 0.1 % when tested over a 60-min interval. Electric
timers are acceptable if operated on a controlled frequency
6. Apparatus
circuit.
6.1 Saybolt Viscometer and Bath, as shown in Fig. 1 and
described in Annex A1.
7. Sampling
6.2 Withdrawal Tube, as shown in Fig. 2.
7.1 Sample the material in accordance with Practices D140,
6.3 Thermometer Support, as shown in Fig. 3. D4057,or D4177, as appropriate.
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
FIG. 1 Saybolt Viscometer with Universal and Furol Orifice
D88−07 (2013)
TABLE 1 ASTM Saybolt Viscosity Thermometers
Standard Test ASTM
Thermometer
Temperature Thermometer
Range° C (°F) Subdivisions,° C (°F)
°C (°F) No.
21.1 (70) 17C (17F) 19 to 27 0.1 (0.2)
(66to80)
25.0 (77) 17C (17F) 19 to 27 0.1 (0.2)
(66to80)
37.8 (100) 18C (18F) 34 to 42 0.1 (0.2)
(94 to 108)
50.0 (122) 19C (19F) 49 to 57 0.1 (0.2)
(120 to 134)
54.4 (130) 19C (19F) 49 to 57 0.1 (0.2)
(120 to 134)
60.0 (140) 20C (20F) 57 to 65 0.1 (0.2)
(134 to 148)
82.2 (180) 21C (21F) 79 to 87 0.1 (0.2)
(174 to 188)
98.9 (210) 22C (22F) 95 to 103 0.1 (0.2)
(204 to 218)
8. Preparation of Apparatus
8.1 Use a Universal orifice or tip for lubricants and distil-
lates with efflux times greater than 32 s to give the desired
accuracy. Liquids with efflux times greater than 1000 s are not
conveniently tested with this orifice.
8.2 Use a Furol orifice or tip for residual materials with
efflux times greater than 25 s to give the desired accuracy. See
also 5.3.
8.3 Clean the viscometer thoroughly with an appropriate
solvent of low toxicity; then remove all solvent from the
viscometeranditsgallery.Cleanthereceivingflaskinthesame
manner.
NOTE 2—The plunger commonly supplied with the viscometer should
never be used for cleaning; its use might damage the overflow rim and
walls of the viscometer.
8.4 Set up the viscometer and bath in an area where they
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
will not be exposed to drafts or rapid changes in air
FIG. 2Withdrawal Tube for Use with Saybolt Viscometer
temperature, and dust or vapors that might contaminate a
sample.
8.5 Place the receiving flask (Fig. 5) beneath the viscometer
so that the graduation mark on the flask is from 100 to 130 mm
(4to5in.)belowthebottomoftheviscometertube,andsothat
the stream of oil will just strike the neck of the flask.
8.6 Fill the bath to at least 6 mm ( ⁄4 in.) above the overflow
rim of the viscometer with an appropriate bath medium
selected from Table 2.
8.7 Provide adequate stirring and thermal control for the
bath so that the temperature of a test sample in the viscometer
will not vary more than 60.03°C (60.05°F) after reaching the
selected test temperature.
8.8 Do not make viscosity measurements at temperatures
below the dew point of the room’s atmosphere.
8.9 For calibration and referee tests, keep the room tem-
perature between 20 and 30°C (68 and 86°F), and record the
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
FIG. 3Thermometer Support
actual temperature. However room temperatures up to 38°C
(100°F) will not introduce errors in excess of 1 %.
D88−07 (2013)
NOTE 1—All dimensions are in millimetres (inches).
FIG. 4 Filter Funnel for Use with Saybolt Viscometer
viscosity levels at all temperatures.
9. Calibration and Standardization
9.3 Calibrate the Saybolt Furol viscometer at 50.0°C
9.1 Calibrate the Saybolt Universal viscometer at periodic
(122°F) in the same manner as above, using a viscosity oil
intervals by measuring the efflux time at 37.8°C (100°F) of an
standard having a minimum efflux time of 90 s.
appropriate viscosity oil standard, following the procedure
given in Section 10. See Annex A2 for viscosity oil standards
9.4 Viscometers or orifices requiring corrections greater
available.
than 1.0 % shall not be used in referee testing.
9.2 The efflux time of the viscosity oil standard shall equal
the certified Saybolt viscosity value. If the efflux time differs 10. Procedure
from the certified value by more than 0.2 %, calculate a
10.1 Establish and control the bath temperature at the
correction factor, F, for the viscometer as follows:
selected test temperature.
F 5 V/t (1)
10.1.1
...