ASTM D3606-10
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Benzene is classed as a toxic material. A knowledge of the concentration of this compound can be an aid in evaluating the possible health hazard to persons handling and using the gasoline. This test method is not intended to evaluate such hazards.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene and toluene in finished motor and aviation gasolines by gas chromatography.
1.2 Benzene can be determined between the levels of 0.1 and 5 volume % and toluene can be determined between the levels of 2 and 20 volume %.
1.3 The precision for this test method was determined using conventional gasoline as well as gasolines containing oxygenates (ethers such as methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether).
1.4 Methanol may cause interference. Appendix X1 provides an option for modifying the test method for analyzing samples containing ethanol.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D3606 − 10
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor
1
and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* E1293Specification for Glass Measuring Pipets
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene
3. Summary of Test Method
and toluene in finished motor and aviation gasolines by gas
3.1 An internal standard, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), is
chromatography.
added to the sample which is then introduced into a gas
1.2 Benzene can be determined between the levels of 0.1
chromatograph equipped with two columns connected in
and 5 volume% and toluene can be determined between the
series.Thesamplepassesfirstthroughacolumnpackedwitha
levels of 2 and 20 volume%.
nonpolar phase such as dimethylpolysiloxane (8.1.1) which
1.3 Theprecisionforthistestmethodwasdeterminedusing
separates the components according to boiling point. After
conventional gasoline as well as gasolines containing oxygen-
octane has eluted, the flow through the nonpolar column is
ates (ethers such as methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl
reversed,flushingoutthecomponentsheavierthanoctane.The
ether and tert-amyl methyl ether).
octane and lighter components then pass through a column
packed with a highly polar phase such as 1, 2, 3-tris(2-
1.4 Methanol may cause interference. Appendix X1 pro-
cyanoethoxy)propane(8.1.2)whichseparatesthearomaticand
vides an option for modifying the test method for analyzing
nonaromatic compounds. The eluted components are detected
samples containing ethanol.
by a thermal conductivity detector. The detector response is
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
recorded,thepeakareasaremeasured,andtheconcentrationof
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
each component is calculated with reference to the internal
only.
standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4. Significance and Use
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.1 Benzene is classed as a toxic material.Aknowledge of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
theconcentrationofthiscompoundcanbeanaidinevaluating
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the possible health hazard to persons handling and using the
gasoline. This test method is not intended to evaluate such
2. Referenced Documents
hazards.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
5. Apparatus
Petroleum Products
5.1 Chromatograph—Any chromatographic instrument that
E694Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Appa-
has a backflush system and thermal conductivity detector, and
ratus
that can be operated at the conditions given in Table 1, can be
E969Specification for Glass Volumetric (Transfer) Pipets
employed. Two backflush systems are shown. Fig. 1 is a
E1044Specification for Glass Serological Pipets (General
pressure system and Fig. 2 is a switching valve system. Either
Purpose and Kahn)
one can be used.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
5.2 Columns:
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
1
5.2.1 Column A—One 0.8 m (2.5 ft) by 3.2 mm ( ⁄8 in.)
Subcommittee D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography Methods.
outsidediameterstainlesssteelcolumnpackedwith10mass%
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally
dimethylpolysiloxane (for example, OV-101) on Chromosorb
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3606–07. DOI:
10.1520/D3606-10.
W, 60 to 80 mesh.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.2.2 Column B—One 4.6 m (15 ft) by 3.2 mm outside
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
diameter stainless steel column packed with 20 mass % TCEP
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. on Chromosorb P, 80 to 100 mesh.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3606 − 10
TABLE 1 Instrument Parameters
6. Materials
Detector thermal conductivity
6.1 Carrier Gas—Helium, 99.99 % pure. (Warning—
Columns: two, stainless steel
Compressed gas under high pressure.)
Length, m (A) 0.8; (B) 4.6
Outside diameter, mm 3.
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3606–07 Designation: D3606 – 10
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene and Toluene in Finished Motor
1
and Aviation Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3606; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene and toluene in finished motor and aviation gasolines by gas
chromatography.
1.2 Benzene can be determined between the levels of 0.1 and 5 volume % and toluene can be determined between the levels
of 2 and 20 volume %.
1.3 The precision for this test method was determined using conventional gasoline as well as gasolines containing oxygenates
(ethers such as methyl tert-butyl ether, ethyl tert-butyl ether and tert-amyl methyl ether).
1.4 Methanol may cause interference. Appendix X1 provides an option for modifying the test method for analyzing samples
containing ethanol.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
E694 Specification for Laboratory Glass Volumetric Apparatus
E969 Specification for Glass Volumetric (Transfer) Pipets
E1044 Specification for Glass Serological Pipets (General Purpose and Kahn)
E1293 Specification for Glass Measuring Pipets
3. Summary of Test Method
3.1 An internal standard, methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), is added to the sample which is then introduced into a gas chromatograph
equipped with two columns connected in series. The sample passes first through a column packed with a nonpolar phase such as
dimethylpolysiloxane (8.1.1) which separates the components according to boiling point.After octane has eluted, the flow through
the nonpolar column is reversed, flushing out the components heavier than octane. The octane and lighter components then pass
through a column packed with a highly polar phase such as 1, 2, 3-tris(2-cyanoethoxy) propane (8.1.2) which separates the
aromatic and nonaromatic compounds. The eluted components are detected by a thermal conductivity detector. The detector
response is recorded, the peak areas are measured, and the concentration of each component is calculated with reference to the
internal standard.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 Benzene is classed as a toxic material.Aknowledge of the concentration of this compound can be an aid in evaluating the
possible health hazard to persons handling and using the gasoline. This test method is not intended to evaluate such hazards.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0L
on Gas Chromatography Methods.
´1
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2006 as D3606–06 . DOI:
10.1520/D3606-07.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D3606–07. DOI:
10.1520/D3606-10.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3606 – 10
5. Apparatus
5.1 Chromatograph—Any chromatographic instrument that has a backflush system and thermal conductivity detector, and that
can be operated at the conditions given inTable 1, can be employed.Two backflush systems are shown. Fig. 1 is a pressure system
and Fig. 2 is a switching valve system. Either one can be used.
5.2 Columns:
1
5.2.1 Column A—One 0.8-m (2.5-ft) 0.8 m (2.5 ft) by 3.2-mm 3.2
...
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