ASTM D2501-91(2000)

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An American National Standard
Designation:D2501–91(Reapproved 2000)
Standard Test Method for
Calculation of Viscosity-Gravity Constant (VGC) of
Petroleum Oils
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2501; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers the calculation of the viscosity- 3.1 Thekinematicviscosityat40°C(104°F)andthedensity
gravityconstant(VGC)ofpetroleumoils havingviscositiesin at 15°C of the oil are determined. If the oil is extremely
−6 −2
excess of 4 cSt. 54 310 m /s at 40°C (104°F). viscous, or if it is otherwise inconvenient to determine the
1.2 Annex A1 describes a method for calculating the VGC viscosityat40°C,thekinematicviscosityat100°C(212°F)can
from Saybolt (SUS) viscosity and relative density. be used. The viscosity-gravity constant is calculated from the
1.3 ThevaluesstatedineitheracceptableSIunitsorinother measured physical properties using the appropriate equation.
unitsshallberegardedseparatelyasstandard.Thevaluesstated
4. Significance and Use
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
system must be used independently of the other, without 4.1 The viscosity-gravity constant (VGC) is a useful func-
tion for the approximate characterization of the viscous frac-
combining values in any way.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the tions of petroleum. It is relatively insensitive to molecular
weight and is related to a fluids composition as expressed in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- termsofcertainstructuralelements.ValuesofVGCnear0.800
indicate samples of paraffinic character, while values close to
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.00 indicate a preponderance of aromatic structures. Like
other indicators of hydrocarbon composition, the VGC should
2. Referenced Documents
not be indiscriminately applied to residual oils, asphaltic
2.1 ASTM Standards: materials, or samples containing appreciable quantities of
D287 TestMethodforAPIGravityofCrudePetroleumand nonhydrocarbons.
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
5. Measurement of Physical Properties
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
5.1 Preferably, determine the kinematic viscosity at 40°C as
and Opaque Liquids (and the Calculation of Dynamic
Viscosity) described in Test Method D445. However, if the sample is
extremely viscous or if it is otherwise inconvenient to measure
D1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity(Specific
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid the viscosity at 40°C, the viscosity at 100°C may be deter-
mined.
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
D2140 Test Method for Carbon-Type Composition of In- 5.2 Determine the density at 15°C in accordance with Test
MethodD1298orTestMethodD4052.Equivalentresultscan
sulating Oils of Petroleum Origin
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of be obtained by determining API Gravity at 60°F (15.56°C) in
accordance with Test Method D287, and converting the result
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
to density at 15°C by means of Table 3 of the Petroleum
Measurement Tables (American Edition).
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
NOTE 1—If it is necessary to convert a result obtained using the digital
Petroleum Products and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04on Hydrocarbon Analysis.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1991. Published December 1991. Originally
published as D2501–66. Last previous edition D2501–87.
2 6
Coats, H. B., and Hill, J. B., Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol 20, Published jointly by, and available fromASTM Headquarters and the Institute
1928, p. 641. ofPetroleum,61NewCavendishSt.,LondonW1M8AP,Companionvolumes—the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. British Edition and the Metric Edition—are also available. These tables supersede
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.03. all other similar tables previously published by either of these societies and the
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02. NationalBureauofStandardsCircularC-410andthesupplementtoCircularC-410.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D2501
densitymetertoadensityatanothertemperature,thePetroleumMeasure-
8.2.1 For viscosity measured at 40°C,
ment Tables can be used only if the glass expansion factor has been
excluded.
r 5 (3)
Y
0.94 20.109log ~V 25.5!
6. Calculation of Viscosity-Gravity Constant
...