ASTM D4151-18
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Flammability of Blankets
Standard Test Method for Flammability of Blankets
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method for the determination of the flammability of blankets is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of blankets since this test method has been used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
5.2 This test method is intended to evaluate fabrics used in electric blankets without the resistance heating wires.
5.3 Fabrics are potentially combustible. Some fabrics when used for blankets are potentially dangerous to the user depending on the ease of ignition, rapidity, and intensity of burning. This test method addresses some of these characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Designation: D4151 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Flammability of Blankets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket 2.1 ASTM Standards:
fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
surface. D1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
2.2 Federal Specification:
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in
3
NNN-P-40b
the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has
been used by the blanket industry in the United States since
3. Terminology
1972.
3.1 Definitions:
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the
3.1.1 blanket, n—for bedding, an unquilted fabric covering
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
designed primarily to provide thermal insulation.
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Blankets may be made by any textile
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
process from various types of fibers and may or may not have
assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under
a raised fiber surface. Construction may be woven, knitted,
actual fire conditions.
flocked, or nonwoven.
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610,
3.1.1.2 Discussion—Electric blankets include resistance
Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission
heating wires and can provide heat as well as thermal insula-
regulations require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the
tion.
requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
3.1.2 flammability, n—those characteristics of a material
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and relative ability to
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
sustain combustion.
conducting these tests.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the NOTE 2—In this test, evidence of ignition is shown by discoloration,
charring, or burning of the paper monitor.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.3 ignition, n—initiation of combustion.
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method, refer to Terminology D123.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Summary of Test Method
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 Specimens cut from the blanket fabric are prepared by
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
brushing if they have a raised fiber surface and by drying. The
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
dried specimen is held in a special apparatus, a standardized
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
flame is applied to the surface for a specified time under
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2018. Published February 2018. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4151-10. DOI: Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
10.1520/D4151-18. Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4151 − 18
controlled conditions, and burning, charring, or discoloration 6.1.1.2 Electronic Counter (digital clock reading to 0.01 s),
of a paper monitor is noted. Two classes of flammability are started by a switch that is activated by the burner mechanism
described. when the burner is in the position to impinge flame on the
4.1.1 A burn of sufficient intensity to discolor a paper specimen and is stopped when the burner retracts from the
monitor in specified contact with the surface of the test specimen.
specimen indicates ignition of the blanket surface (see 11.4.1).
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4151 − 10 D4151 − 18
Standard Test Method for
1
Flammability of Blankets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4151; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method provides a means to identify blanket fabrics which ignite easily and propagate flame across the surface.
1.2 This test method specifies the procedures described in the “Voluntary Blanket Flammability Standard” which has been used
by the blanket industry in the United States since 1972.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
NOTE 1—This test method is not identical to 16 CFR Part 1610, Flammability of Clothing Textiles. Consumer Product Safety Commission regulations
require that fabrics introduced into commerce meet the requirements of 16 CFR Part 1610.
1.4 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1230 Test Method for Flammability of Apparel Textiles
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
3
D3411 Test Method for Flammability of Textile Materials (Withdrawn 1981)
2.2 Federal Specification:
3
NNN-P-40b
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 blanket, n—for bedding, an unquilted fabric covering designed primarily to provide thermal insulation.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—
Blankets may be made by any textile process from various types of fibers and may or may not have a raised fiber surface.
Construction may be woven, knitted, flocked, or nonwoven.
3.1.1.2 Discussion—
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D13 on Textiles and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.52 on Flammability.
Current edition approved June 15, 2010Jan. 1, 2018. Published August 2010February 2018. Originally published asapproved in D4151 – 82. Discontinued January 2010
and reinstated 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as D4151 – 10.D4151-10. DOI: 10.1520/D4151-10 . 10.1520/D4151-18.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700 Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4151 − 18
Electric blankets include resistance heating wires and can provide heat as well as thermal insulation.
3.1.2 flammability, n—those characteristics of a material that pertain to its relative ease of ignition and relative ability to sustain
combustion.
NOTE 2—In this test, evidence of ignition is shown by discoloration, charring, or burning of the paper monitor.
3.1.3 ignition, n—initiation of combustion.
3.2 For definitions of other textile terms used in this test method, refer to Terminology D123.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Specimens cut from the blanket fabric are prepared by brushing if they have a raised fiber surface and by drying. The dried
specimen is held in a special apparatus, a standardized flame is applied to the surface for a specified time under controlled
conditions, and burning,
...
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