ASTM D4833/D4833M-07(2020)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4833/D4833M − 07 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Test Method for
Index Puncture Resistance of Geomembranes and Related
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4833/D4833M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the
year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last
reapproval. A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776/D1776M Practice for Conditioning and Testing Tex-
1.1 This test method is used to measure the index puncture
tiles
resistance of geomembranes and related products.
D2905 Practice for Statements on Number of Specimens for
1.2 The use of Test Method D4833/D4833M may be inap- 3
Textiles (Withdrawn 2008)
propriate for testing some woven geotextiles or related prod-
D4354 Practice for Sampling of Geosynthetics and Rolled
ucts which have large openings, such as geonets and geogrids.
Erosion Control Products (RECPs) for Testing
D4439 Terminology for Geosynthetics
1.3 It is recommended that geotextile and geotextile related
products be tested using Test Method D6241. D6241 Test Method for Static Puncture Strength of Geotex-
tiles and Geotextile-Related Products Using a 50-mm
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
Probe
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to
3. Terminology
ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be
3.1 Definitions:
used independently of the other, and values from the two
3.1.1 atmosphere for testing geotextiles, n—air maintained
systems shall not be combined.
at a relative humidity of 65 6 5 % and a temperature of 21 6
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2 °C [70 6 4 °F].
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2 geomembrane, n—very low permeability synthetic
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
membrane liners or barriers used with any geotechnical engi-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
neering related material so as to control fluid migration in a
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
man-made project, structure, or system.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
3.1.3 index test, n—a test procedure which may contain a
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
known bias but which may be used to establish an order for a
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
set of specimens with respect to the property of interest.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1.4 puncture resistance (F), n—the inherent resisting
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
mechanism of the test specimen to the failure by a penetrating
or puncturing object.
2. Referenced Documents
3.2 For definitions of other terms relating to geosynthetics
2.1 ASTM Standards:
used in this standard, refer to Terminology D4439.
D76/D76M Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for
Textiles
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 A test specimen is clamped without tension between
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D35 on
circular plates of a ring clamp attachment secured in a tensile
Geosynthetics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.01 on Mechani-
testing machine. A force is exerted against the center of the
cal Properties.
unsupported portion of the test specimen by a solid steel rod
Current edition approved June 1, 2020. Published June 2020. Originally
approved in 1988. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D4833/D4833M – 07 attached to the load indicator until rupture of the specimen
ɛ1
(2013) . DOI: 10.1520/D4833_D4833M-07R20.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
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D4833/D4833M − 07 (2020)
occurs. The maximum force recorded is the value of puncture [3.937].Thediameterofthesixholesusedforsecuringthering
resistance of the specimen. clamp assembly is suggested to be 8 mm [0.135 in.] and
equally spaced at a radius of 37 mm [2.95 in.]. The surfaces of
5. Significance and Use
these plates can consist of grooves with O-rings or coarse
sandpaper bonded onto opposing surfaces.
5.1 This test method is an index test for determining the
puncture resistance of geomembranes and related products.
6.3 Solid Steel Rod, with a diameter of 8 6 0.1 mm [0.315
The use of this test method is to establish an index value by
6 0.004 in.] having a flat end with a 45° = 0.8 mm [0.315 in.]
providing standard criteria and a basis for uniform reporting.
chamfered edge contacting the test specimen’s surface. See
Fig. 1 and Fig. 3.
5.2 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
tance testing of commercial shipments of geomembranes and
7. Sampling
related materials since the test method has been used exten-
7.1 Lot Sample—Divide the product into lots and take the
sively in the trade for acceptance testing.
lot sample as directed in Practice D4354.
5.2.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in
reported test results when using this test method for acceptance
7.2 Laboratory Sample—For the laboratory sample, take a
testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the sup-
swatch extending the full width and of sufficient length along
plier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is
the selvage, from each sample roll so that the requirements of
a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statis-
7.3 and 8.1 can be met. Take a sample that will exclude
tical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias.
material from the outer wrap and inner wrap around the core
As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test
unless the sample is taken at the production site, then inner and
specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are
outer wrap material may be used.
from a lot material of the type in question. The test specimens
7.3 Test Specimens—Select from the laboratory sample the
should then be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each
number of specimens directed in Section 8. Minimum speci-
laboratory for testing. The average results
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