ASTM F2417-23
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fire Safety for Candles
Standard Specification for Fire Safety for Candles
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to prescribe minimum safety requirements for candles and candle ensembles to provide a reasonable degree of safety for normal use with candles, thereby improving personal safety and reducing fires, deaths, and injuries.
1.2 This specification is not intended to replace other important safety practices that should be in place, such as adult supervision, close monitoring, fire detection, alarm or suppression systems, and use of candles away from combustible materials.
1.3 This specification is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 This specification states values in inch-pound units which are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis are for information only.
1.7 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F2417 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Fire Safety for Candles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.1 This specification is intended to prescribe minimum
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
safety requirements for candles and candle ensembles to
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
provide a reasonable degree of safety for normal use with
candles, thereby improving personal safety and reducing fires,
2. Referenced Documents
deaths, and injuries.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.2 This specification is not intended to replace other
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
important safety practices that should be in place, such as adult
Open Cup Tester
supervision, close monitoring, fire detection, alarm or suppres-
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
sion systems, and use of candles away from combustible
Closed Cup Tester
materials.
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials
1.3 This specification is used to measure and describe the
Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself
F1972 Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and
incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk
Associated Accessory Items
assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under
F2058 Specification for Candle Fire Safety Labeling
actual fire conditions.
3
2.2 NFPA Standard:
1.4 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative
NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources
measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions
involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This 3. Terminology
assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual
3.1 Certain candle-related terminology is addressed in
fires which involve conditions other than those assumed in the
Guide F1972, and the reader is directed to that guide for
analysis.
definitions not found in 3.2. For definitions of terms associated
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe- with fire issues, see Terminology E176.
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
3.2 Definitions: Candle Classification Terms:
conducting these tests.
3.2.1 candle, n—one or more combustible wicks supported
1.6 This specification states values in inch-pound units
by a material that constitutes a fuel which is solid, semi-solid,
which are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in or quasi-rigid at room temperature, 68 °F to 80 °F (20 °C to
parenthesis are for information only.
27 °C); it can also contain additives that are used for color,
scent, stability, or to modify the burning characteristics; the
1.7 This specification does not purport to address all of the
combined function of which is to sustain a light-producing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
flame.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- 3.2.2 candle-making kit, n—a set of ingredients and mate-
mine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. rials packaged together that the end consumer uses to make a
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor- candle.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1 2
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Candle Products. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2023. Published August 2023. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as F2417 – 17. DOI: Available from National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), 1 Batterymarch
10.1520/F2417-23. Park, Quincy, MA 02169-7471, http://www.nfpa.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 --
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F2417 − 17 F2417 − 23
Standard Specification for
1
Fire Safety for Candles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2417; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification is intended to prescribe minimum safety requirements for candles and candle ensembles to provide a
reasonable degree of safety for normal use with candles, thereby improving personal safety and reducing fires, deaths, and injuries.
1.2 This specification is not intended to replace other important safety practices that should be in place, such as adult supervision,
close monitoring, fire detection, alarm or suppression systems, and use of candles away from combustible materials.
1.3 This specification is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials,
products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.4 This standard is used to predict or provide a quantitative measure of the fire hazard from a specified set of fire conditions
involving specific materials, products, or assemblies. This assessment does not necessarily predict the hazard of actual fires which
involve conditions other than those assumed in the analysis.
1.5 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
1.6 This specification states values in inch-pound units which are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parenthesis
are for information only.
1.7 This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D92 Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland Open Cup Tester
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F15 on Consumer Products and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F15.45 on Candle Products.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2017Aug. 1, 2023. Published October 2017August 2023. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20162017 as
F2417 – 16.F2417 – 17. DOI: 10.1520/F2417-17.10.1520/F2417-23.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F2417 − 23
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens Closed Cup Tester
E136 Test Method for Assessing Combustibility of Materials Using a Vertical Tube Furnace at 750 °C
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
F1972 Guide for Terminology Relating to Candles and Associated Accessory Items
F2058 Specification for Candle Fire Safety Labeling
3
2.2 NFPA Standard:
NFPA 909 Code for the Protection of Cultural Resources
3. Terminology
3.1 Certain candle-related terminology is addressed in Guide F1972, and the reader is directed to that guide for definitions not
found in 3.2. For definitions of terms associated with fire issues, see Terminology E176.
3.2 Definitions: Candle Classification Terms:
3.2.1 candle, n—one or more combustible wicks supported by a material that constitutes a fuel which is solid, semi-solid, or
quasi-rigid at room temperature, 68 to 80°F (20 to 27°C);68 °F to 80 °F (20 °C to 27 °C); it can also contain additives that are used
for color, scent, stability, or to modify the burning characteristics; the combined function of which is to sustain a light-producing
flame.
3.2.2 candle-making ki
...
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