ASTM D6104-97(2003)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D6104 – 97 (Reapproved 2003)
Standard Practice for
Determining the Performance of Oil/Water Separators
Subjected to Surface Run-Off
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6104; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope the temperature ranging from a minimum of 0°C (32°F) to a
maximum of 50°C (122°F).
1.1 This practice covers the procedure, any necessary re-
1.7 This practice does not make any provisions for the
lated apparatus, and the sampling technique to be used in
variation of pH or temperature during a test run. Refer to
determining the performance characteristics of oil/water sepa-
Appendix X1 for further detail.
rators subjected to contaminated run-off.
1.8 This practice can be used with a variety of hydrocar-
1.2 This practice does not address the determination of the
bons. It adopts No. 2 fuel oil with a density of 845 kg/
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected
3 3 2
m (52.73 lb /ft ) and a viscosity of 1.9 to 4.1 centistokes at
to the sudden release of a relatively large quantity of hydro- m
40°C(104°F)andSAE90lubricatingoilwithadensity of930
carbons that may appear, in pure form or at high concentration,
3 3
kg/m (58 lb /ft ) at 15.5°C (60°F) and a viscosity (see
in the influent to the separator. In this case, refer to Practice m
SAE J313) of 13.5 to < 24 centistokes at 100°C (212°F) as the
D6157.
comparative testing media. It is understood that the results
1.3 This practice does not address the determination of the
obtained from this practice are only directly applicable to No.
performance characteristics of an oil/water separator subjected
2 fuel oil and SAE 90 lubricating oil for the tested concentra-
to a mechanically emulsified influent such as provided by a
tions and only careful interpolation or extrapolation, or both, is
pump.
allowed to other hydrocarbons. Low viscosity or high density
1.4 This practice does not investigate the ability of the
hydrocarbons or hydrocarbons that contain a larger fraction of
separator to handle debris or suspended solids, that is, grit or
highly soluble compounds may need to be tested separately.
tree leaves.
1.5 While the effluent may meet code requirements for total
NOTE 1—No extrapolation outside the range of the tested influent or
oil and grease content, this practice does not address the effluent oil concentrations is allowed as performance may not be linear.
Hence, to establish performance at a higher or lower concentration, the
presence of soluble organics, i.e., Benzene, Toluene, Ethyl-
separator shall be tested for that specific condition. In addition, linearity
benzene and Xylene (BTEX’s) which may be detected in the
must be established prior to using linear interpolation.
effluent. It also does not make any provisions for the effects of
1.9 Since regulations are based on effluent total hydrocar-
detergents, surfactants, soaps, or any water soluble matter (that
is, salts), or any portion of an essentially insoluble matter that bon content, this practice does not set forth any lower limits on
oil particle size for the evaluation of separator efficiency.
may be found in solution on separation. (Effects of certain
water soluble chemicals or solids may be investigated by However, a standardized means for mixing oil and water shall
be specified to ensure repeatability. It must be noted however
adding them to the water at predetermined constant concentra-
tions.) that smaller particles, having a greater surface area to volume
ratio, rise at a slower rate than their larger counterparts. (Guide
1.6 In order to estimate the effect of water temperature on
the performance of the separator, the tests described in this F933 requires that 20 % of all oil particles be smaller than or
equal to 50 µm and IMO MEPC 60 (30) does not mention any
practice must be performed at two water temperatures. The
selected temperatures must be at least 10°C (18°F) apart, with particle size requirements but asks the user to avoid emulsion
causing chemicals.)
1.10 Although the tests described in this practice intend to
simulate contaminated storm water run-off separation require-
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on Water and
ments, they do not cover all possible applications. It is the end
is the direct responsibility of D19.06 on Methods for Analysis for Organic
Substances in Water.
Current edition approved June 10, 2003. Published August 2003. Originially
approved in 1997. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D6104 – 97. DOI: Ray E. Bolz and George L. Tuve, CRC Handbook of tables for Applied
nd
10.1520/D6104-97R03. Engineering Science,2 Edition, CRC Press, 1981.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D6104 – 97 (2003)
user’s responsibility to determine whether his separation re- 3. Terminology
quirements are within the scope of this practice.
3.1 Definitions: For definitions of terms used in this prac-
1.11 Aproduct different from the general description herein
tice, refer to Terminology D1129.
may be tested and found to be in compliance with the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
performance criteria set forth.
3.2.1 calibration—the certified evaluation of the accuracy
1.12 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units
of a measuring instrument as performed by its manufacturer or
are to be regarded as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound
an independent licensed or accredited third party.
units are shown in parentheses. The values stated in each
3.2.2 contaminated run-off—rain water which has collected
system are not exact equivalents. Therefore, each system must
oilycontaminantsfromthesurfacesitcameincontactwithand
be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
which may appear in the influent to a separator. Unlike a
two systems may result in nonconformance with this specifi-
release, the level of contamination in this case is much lower.
cation.
3.2.3 effluent—the aqueous release from a separator.
1.13 This practice does not purport to address all the
3.2.4 flow totalizer—a counter, usually attached to a flow
environmental hazards, if any, associated with its use. It is the
meter, that evaluates the total volume of the fluid that has
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
flowed through over a given time period.
priate environmentally responsible practices and to determine
3.2.5 influent—the oily aqueous input to a separator.
the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3.2.6 oily discharge—any release of oily contaminants into
1.14 This standard does not purport to address all of the
the environment that exceeds the allowable limit.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.2.7 re-entrainment—the condition in which the level of
contaminationoftheeffluentwaterofaseparatorcontainingoil
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. is higher than the influent contamination level due to internal
remixing. This definition usually applies to situations where
2. Referenced Documents clean water passes through a separator that already contains
3 hydrocarbons stored within and atop the water so as to form an
2.1 ASTM Standards:
interface.
D1129 Terminology Relating to Water
3.2.8 release—any sudden discharge of an oily substance
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
from vessels that are specifically designed to store, contain, or
D4281 Test Method for Oil and Grease (Fluorocarbon
transfer oily products such as storage tanks, pipelines, diked
Extractable Substances) by Gravimetric Determination
areas, and transfer equipment and which may appear in the
D6157 Practice for Determining the Performance of Oil/
influent to a separator.
Water Separators Subjected to a Sudden Release
3.2.9 separator—a flow through primary treatment device
F933 GuideforEvaluationofOilWaterSeparationSystems
the primary purpose of which is to separate oil from water.
for Spilled Oil Recovery Applications (Discontinued
2001)
4. Summary of Practice
2.2 EPA Standards:
EPA-413.1 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
4.1 The practice evaluates a separator’s ability to reduce the
Wastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983
total hydrocarbon content of contaminated run-off. For this, an
EPA-413.2 “Methods for Chemical Analysis of Water and
influentissuppliedattheseparator’sratedflowfortheselected
Wastes”, EPA 600/4-79-020, revised March 1983
hydrocarbon content (either 350 or 1000 mg/L). The corre-
EPA-1664 H-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM) and
sponding effluent hydrocarbon content is determined by ob-
Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-
taining and analyzing grab samples.
HEM) by Extraction and Gravimetry (Oil and Grease and
4.2 The practice also evaluates the effluent of a separator at
Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons) EPA-821-B-94-004B,
rated oil storage capacity in relation to a non-contaminated
April 1995
influent and its corresponding rated flow in order to establish
2.3 SAE Standards:
its re-entrainment characteristics.
SAE J306 Axle and Manual Transmission Lubricant Vis-
4.3 The data generated in this practice are considered valid
cosity Classification
for the separators tested only. However, the results of these
SAE J313 Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice (R) Die-
tests may be extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators
sel Fuels
provided that applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are
maintained. Where the use of extrapolation is not applicable,
that size unit must be subjected to testing.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
4.4 The flow rate for these tests must equal the manufactur-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
er’s rated flow for the given separator at the given influent
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
contamination level and for the selected effluent peak contami-
the ASTM website.
Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
nation concentration.
on www.astm.org.
4.5 For the purpose of this test, the water temperature
Environmental Protection Agency, 40 CFR Ch. 1 (7-1-95 Edition)
should be between 10°C (50°F) and 21.1°C (70°F) and the pH
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE), 400 Commonwealth
Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096-0001. of the water between 6 and 9.
D6104 – 97 (2003)
5. Significance and Use platesor,venturis.Themeansusedforcontrollingtheflowrate
must be capable of maintaining the flow within 5 % of the
5.1 The Clean Water Act promulgated the implementation
desired value.
of water quality standards and contamination limits for a wide
6.3 Separator—A separator with an outlet pipe extending
range of pollutants including oil and grease. Specifically, the
far enough to allow grab sampling as described inTest Method
EPA prohibits “the discharges of oil that cause a film or sheen
D3370.
upon or cause discoloration of the surface of the water.”
6.4 Mixer—A means for mixing the hydrocarbons with the
Several state and local agencies have adopted this statement in
water consisting of a commercially available horizontal PVC
additiontosettingconcentrationlimits,thatis,15mg/Loreven
pipesectionwithaminimumsurfaceroughnessof0.00015cm
5 mg/L. The purpose of this practice is to evaluate the
(0.000005ft.)havingalengthofatleast20diameterswithone
performance of a separator in regards to the regulations and
end connected directly to the inlet of the separator. An oil
user requirements.
injection port shall be provided at the other end of the pipe and
5.2 Another purpose of this practice is to establish that a
at its bottom portion and shall not extend into the pipe more
separator containing oil at its rated capacity would still be
than one third its diameter in order to prevent stratification .
capable of meeting the above criteria when subjected to
The pipe diameter shall be selected such that it runs full and at
run-off.
a Reynolds number, based on the hydraulic diameter, in excess
5.3 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a
of 70 000 and a velocity in excess of 1 m/s (3.28 ft/s). The
separator contained a sudden release as much higher concen-
injection port diameter shall be sized to provide, at the higher
trations would be expected. For this case, see Practice D6157.
test concentration, an injection velocity approximately equal to
5.4 This practice is not applicable if the influent to a
1 m/s.
separator is conveyed by a pumping means.
6.5 Influent Sampling Port—An influent sampling port for
5.5 The data generated in this method is valid for the
temperature and pH reading. (If on-line temperature and pH
separators tested only. The results of these tests may be
readers are not available, a small sample should be extracted
extrapolated to smaller or larger size separators provided that
andthetemperaturereadimmediatelyatthebeginningofevery
applicable geometric and dynamic similitude are maintained.
test. pH analysis may be performed at a later time.)
Where sound engineering method limits the use of extrapola-
tion, that size unit must be subjected to testing.
7. Procedure
5.6 The flow rate for all the tests must equal the manufac-
7.1 Test A—Investigation of Re-Entrainment at Rated Oil
turer’s total rated flow for the given separator at a given
Storage Capacity:
influent contamination level and for the selected effluent peak
7.1.1 Fill the separator with oil to the manufacturer’s rated
contamination concentration.
oil storage capacity.
7.1.2 Allow fresh water to enter the separator at its rated
6. Test Set-Up and Apparatus
flow until at least three volume changes are achieved and the
6.1 Water Supply—The water supply can be either a water
effluent concentration reaches steady-state. Take an effluent
main,awaterreservoirandapump,oranelevatedstoragetank
grab sample at every one third ( ⁄3) of the separator volume
capable of providing the volume and flow rate of water
change. Samples must be gathered and handled in accordance
necessary for a test run as described in the procedure. If either
with Test Method D3370.
a storage tank or reservoir is used, the volume shall be at least
NOTE 2—Steady-state means that, when analyzed, the last three
three times the liquid volume
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