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ASTM D323-20a

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)

Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Vapor pressure is an important physical property of volatile liquids. This test method is used to determine the vapor pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) of petroleum products and crude oils with initial boiling point above 0 °C (32 °F).  
5.2 Vapor pressure is critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock with high operating temperatures or high altitudes. Maximum vapor pressure limits for gasoline are legally mandated in some areas as a measure of air pollution control.  
5.3 Vapor pressure of crude oils is of importance to the crude producer and the refiner for general handling and initial refinery treatment.  
5.4 Vapor pressure is also used as an indirect measure of the evaporation rate of volatile petroleum solvents.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of vapor pressure (see Note 1) of gasoline, volatile crude oil, and other volatile petroleum products.  
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to gasoline and other petroleum products with a vapor pressure of less than 180 kPa (26 psi).  
1.3 Procedure B may also be applicable to these other materials, but only gasoline was included in the interlaboratory test program to determine the precision of this test method.  
1.4 Procedure C is for materials with a vapor pressure of greater than 180 kPa (26 psi).  
1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure of approximately 50 kPa (7 psi).
Note 1: Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). The Reid vapor pressure differs from the true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space.  
1.6 This test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum gases or fuels containing oxygenated compounds other than methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). For determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gases, refer to Test Method D1267 or Test Method D6897. For determination of the vapor pressure of gasoline-oxygenate blends, refer to Test Method D4953. The precision for crude oil has not been determined since the early 1950s (see Note 3). Test Method D6377 has been approved as a method for determination of vapor pressure of crude oil. IP 481 is a test method for determination of the air-saturated vapor pressure of crude oil.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.8  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 7 and 18, and 12.5.3, 15.5, 21.2, A1.1.2, A1.1.6, and A2.3.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2020
ICS
75.080 - Petroleum products in general
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.08 - Volatility
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D4953-20 - Standard Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
Effective Date
01-May-2020

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Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D323 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
1
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D323; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determina-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tion of vapor pressure (see Note 1) of gasoline, volatile crude
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
oil, and other volatile petroleum products.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to gasoline and other petro-
SpecificwarningstatementsaregiveninSections7and18,and
leum products with a vapor pressure of less than 180 kPa
12.5.3, 15.5, 21.2, A1.1.2, A1.1.6, and A2.3.
(26 psi).
1.9 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.3 Procedure B may also be applicable to these other
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
materials, but only gasoline was included in the interlaboratory
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
test program to determine the precision of this test method.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
1.4 Procedure C is for materials with a vapor pressure of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
greater than 180 kPa (26 psi).
1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure
2. Referenced Documents
of approximately 50 kPa (7 psi).
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by
D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied
the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid
Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
vapor pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals
(pounds-force per square inch). The Reid vapor pressure differs from the D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
true vapor pressure of the sample due to some small sample vaporization
Petroleum Products
and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space.
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid
1.6 This test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum Fuels, and Lubricants
gases or fuels containing oxygenated compounds other than
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE). For determination of the vapor Petroleum Products
pressure of liquefied petroleum gases, refer to Test Method
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for
D1267 or Test Method D6897. For determination of the vapor Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
pressure of gasoline-oxygenate blends, refer to Test Method
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
D4953. The precision for crude oil has not been determined Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
since the early 1950s (see Note 3). Test Method D6377 has D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for
been approved as a method for determination of vapor pressure Volatility Measurement
of crude oil. IP 481 is a test method for determination of the D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
air-saturated vapor pressure of crude oil. of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6377 Test Method for Determination of Vapor Pressure of
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Crude Oil: VPCR (Expansion Method)
x
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
D6897 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petro-
only.
leum Gases (LPG) (Expansion Method)
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
2
Subcommittee D02.08 on Volatility. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2020. Published December 2020. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D323 – 20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/D0323-
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D323 − 20 D323 − 20a
Standard Test Method for
1
Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D323; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers procedures for the determination of vapor pressure (see Note 1) of gasoline, volatile crude oil, and
other volatile petroleum products.
1.2 Procedure A is applicable to gasoline and other petroleum products with a vapor pressure of less than 180 kPa (26 psi).
1.3 Procedure B may also be applicable to these other materials, but only gasoline was included in the interlaboratory test program
to determine the precision of this test method.
1.4 Procedure C is for materials with a vapor pressure of greater than 180 kPa (26 psi).
1.5 Procedure D for aviation gasoline with a vapor pressure of approximately 50 kPa (7 psi).
NOTE 1—Because the external atmospheric pressure is counteracted by the atmospheric pressure initially present in the vapor chamber, the Reid vapor
pressure is an absolute pressure at 37.8 °C (100 °F) in kilopascals (pounds-force per square inch). The Reid vapor pressure differs from the true vapor
pressure of the sample due to some small sample vaporization and the presence of water vapor and air in the confined space.
1.6 This test method is not applicable to liquefied petroleum gases or fuels containing oxygenated compounds other than methyl
t-butyl ether (MTBE). For determination of the vapor pressure of liquefied petroleum gases, refer to Test Method D1267 or Test
Method D6897. For determination of the vapor pressure of gasoline-oxygenate blends, refer to Test Method D4953. The precision
for crude oil has not been determined since the early 1950s (see Note 3). Test Method D6377 has been approved as a method for
determination of vapor pressure of crude oil. IP 481 is a test method for determination of the air-saturated vapor pressure of crude
oil.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in Sections 7 and 18, and 12.5.3, 15.5, 21.2, A1.1.2,
A1.1.6, and A2.3.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.08 on Volatility.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020Nov. 1, 2020. Published August 2020December 2020. Originally approved in 1930. Last previous edition approved in 20152020
as D323 – 15a.D323 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D0323-20.10.1520/D0323-20A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D323 − 20a
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D1267 Test Method for Gauge Vapor Pressure of Liquefied Petroleum (LP) Gases (LP-Gas Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4306 Practice for Aviation Fuel Sample Containers for Tests Affected by Trace Contamination
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
D5842 Practice for Sampling and Handling of Fuels for Volatility Measurement
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6377 Test Method for Deter
...

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Standard Test Method for Determination of Light Hydrocarbons in Stabilized Crude Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of the boiling point distribution of stabilized crude oils is important for the marketing, scheduling, and processing of crude oil in the petroleum industry. Test Method D7169 and IP 545 purport to give such a distribution in crude oils, but are susceptible to significant errors in the light ends portion of the distribution as well as in the mass recovery of the whole crude oil due to the interference imposed by the diluent solvent. This test method allows for more accurate determination of the front end of the boiling point distribution curve, in addition to providing important C1 to C9 (nonane) component level information, and more accurate mass recovery at C9 (nonane).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method specifies a method to determine the boiling range distribution of hydrocarbons in stabilized crude oil up to and including n-nonane. A stabilized crude oil is defined as having a Reid Vapor Pressure equivalent to or less than 82.7 kPa. The results of this test method can be combined with those from Test Method D7169 and IP 545 to give a full boiling point distribution of a crude oil (see Appendix X3).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information purposes only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5443-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Paraffin, Naphthene, and Aromatic Hydrocarbon Type Analysis in Petroleum Distillates Through 200 °C by Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the composition of hydrocarbon refinery streams is useful for process control and quality assurance.  
5.2 Aromatics in gasoline are soon to be limited by federal mandate. This test method can be used to provide such information.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of paraffins, naphthenes, and aromatics by carbon number in low olefinic hydrocarbon streams having final boiling points of 200 °C or less. Hydrocarbons with boiling points greater than 200 °C and less than 270 °C are reported as a single group. Olefins, if present, are hydrogenated and the resultant saturates are included in the paraffin and naphthene distribution. Aromatics boiling at C9 and above are reported as a single aromatic group.  
1.2 This test method is not intended to determine individual components except for benzene and toluene that are the only C6 and C7 aromatics, respectively, and cyclopentane that is the only C5 naphthene. The lower limit of detection for a single hydrocarbon component or group is 0.05 % by mass.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to hydrocarbon mixtures including virgin, catalytically converted, thermally converted, alkylated and blended naphtha.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 The abbreviation for SI unit “coulomb” is “C”.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 8 and Table 1.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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