ASTM E923-97(2019)
(Specification)Standard Specification for Glass Westergren Tube, Reusable
Standard Specification for Glass Westergren Tube, Reusable
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for reusable glass Westergren tubes that measure the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which is the suspension stability, or amount of settling after a specified time, of red blood cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood. The tubes shall be fabricated from Type I, Class B borosilicate glass, or Type II soda lime glass. Tubes shall comply with requirements for graduation line length and numbering, marking permanency, grinding bevel, and workmanship. The tubes should also pass a pigmentation and amber stain test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes requirements for a tube that measures the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR is the suspension stability of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood.
1.1.1 The use of the term “rate” is, strictly speaking, not correct. The test measures the amount of settling of red cells after a specified time.
1.2 The tubes are used together with a special rack to ensure they remain in a vertical position during the test.
1.3 This specification includes many dimensional requirements that are, for the most part, in agreement with the British Standards Institution, German Standards Institute, International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards publications on Westergren tubes. The clinical procedure using the tube described in this specification is known as the “Westergren Method.”
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 30-Jun-2019
- Technical Committee
- E41 - Laboratory Apparatus
- Drafting Committee
- E41.01 - Laboratory Ware and Supplies
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2013
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2011
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2010
- Effective Date
- 15-May-2010
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2008
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2006
- Effective Date
- 01-Oct-2005
- Effective Date
- 01-Jan-2000
Overview
ASTM E923-97(2019) specifies the requirements for reusable glass Westergren tubes used in measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) of red blood cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood. These precision glass tubes are essential laboratory equipment for clinical pathology and hematology, adhering to international standards for quality, design, and performance. The document outlines material choices, dimensional tolerances, performance criteria, and testing requirements to ensure reliable and repeatable ESR measurements using the Westergren method.
Key Topics
- Purpose: Westergren tubes measure the amount of red blood cell settling after a specified time, aiding in medical diagnoses involving inflammation and various diseases.
- Material Requirements: Tubes must be fabricated from Type I, Class B borosilicate glass or Type II soda lime glass to ensure chemical resistance and mechanical durability.
- Design Specifications:
- One-piece, thick-walled, straight construction
- Ground and beveled ends for safety and precision
- Strict dimensional tolerances for outside and inside diameters
- Uniform bore and length, typically around 300 mm with a graduated scale over 200 mm
- Graduation and Marking Standards:
- Clear, permanent graduations with legible numbering every 10 or 20 mm down to 190 mm
- Markings must withstand chemical cleaning and daily laboratory use
- Graduation lines and inscriptions achieved via etching and filling or amber stain, ensuring legibility and durability
- Quality Criteria:
- Tubes must be free of visible defects, excessive strain, and capable of repeated use without degradation
- Must pass pigmentation and amber stain adherence tests
- SI Units: All measurements and tolerances are reported strictly in SI units.
Applications
Reusable glass Westergren tubes play a vital role in the following:
- Clinical Laboratories: Used globally for ESR tests, an important part of diagnosing and monitoring conditions such as infections, autoimmune disorders, and cancers.
- Pathology and Hematology Departments: Ensures consistency in the Westergren method, allowing for reliable comparison of ESR test results.
- Educational Settings: Standardized tubes support laboratory instruction and method demonstration for students in medical, clinical, and scientific training.
- Research Facilities: Provides dependable ESR data as part of broader hematological studies.
- Regulatory Compliance: Laboratories can meet international and national guidelines by following ASTM E923, ensuring compatibility with related standards from British, German, and other international committees.
Related Standards
To ensure comprehensive compliance and integration into laboratory operations, the following related ASTM standards are referenced in ASTM E923:
- ASTM E438: Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
- ASTM E920/E921: Specifications for packaging of laboratory apparatus (commercial and export)
- ASTM E1133: Practice for performance testing of packaged laboratory apparatus
- ASTM E1157: Specification for sampling and testing of reusable laboratory glassware
Adhering to the ASTM E923-97(2019) standard provides laboratories and manufacturers confidence in the quality, durability, and measurement accuracy of reusable Westergren tubes for erythrocyte sedimentation rate testing, meeting both clinical and regulatory requirements worldwide.
Keywords: Westergren tube, ESR, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ASTM E923, reusable glassware, laboratory standards, hematology, clinical testing.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM E923-97(2019) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Glass Westergren Tube, Reusable". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for reusable glass Westergren tubes that measure the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which is the suspension stability, or amount of settling after a specified time, of red blood cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood. The tubes shall be fabricated from Type I, Class B borosilicate glass, or Type II soda lime glass. Tubes shall comply with requirements for graduation line length and numbering, marking permanency, grinding bevel, and workmanship. The tubes should also pass a pigmentation and amber stain test. SCOPE 1.1 This specification describes requirements for a tube that measures the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR is the suspension stability of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood. 1.1.1 The use of the term “rate” is, strictly speaking, not correct. The test measures the amount of settling of red cells after a specified time. 1.2 The tubes are used together with a special rack to ensure they remain in a vertical position during the test. 1.3 This specification includes many dimensional requirements that are, for the most part, in agreement with the British Standards Institution, German Standards Institute, International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards publications on Westergren tubes. The clinical procedure using the tube described in this specification is known as the “Westergren Method.” 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ABSTRACT This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for reusable glass Westergren tubes that measure the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), which is the suspension stability, or amount of settling after a specified time, of red blood cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood. The tubes shall be fabricated from Type I, Class B borosilicate glass, or Type II soda lime glass. Tubes shall comply with requirements for graduation line length and numbering, marking permanency, grinding bevel, and workmanship. The tubes should also pass a pigmentation and amber stain test. SCOPE 1.1 This specification describes requirements for a tube that measures the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR is the suspension stability of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood. 1.1.1 The use of the term “rate” is, strictly speaking, not correct. The test measures the amount of settling of red cells after a specified time. 1.2 The tubes are used together with a special rack to ensure they remain in a vertical position during the test. 1.3 This specification includes many dimensional requirements that are, for the most part, in agreement with the British Standards Institution, German Standards Institute, International Committee for Standardization in Haematology, and the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards publications on Westergren tubes. The clinical procedure using the tube described in this specification is known as the “Westergren Method.” 1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. 1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM E923-97(2019) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 11.100 - Laboratory medicine. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM E923-97(2019) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E923-97(2013), ASTM E438-92(2024), ASTM E920-97(2019), ASTM E438-92(2018), ASTM E920-97(2013), ASTM E1157-87(2011), ASTM E1157-87(2018)e1, ASTM E438-92(2011), ASTM E1133-86(2010), ASTM E921-97(2010), ASTM E920-97(2008), ASTM E1157-87(2006), ASTM E438-92(2006), ASTM E1133-86(2005), ASTM E1133-86(2000). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM E923-97(2019) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E923 −97 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Specification for
Glass Westergren Tube, Reusable
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E923; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This specification describes requirements for a tube that
2.1 ASTM Standards:
measures the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). ESR is the
E438 Specification for Glasses in Laboratory Apparatus
suspension stability of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulated
E920 Specification for Commercially Packaged Laboratory
human blood.
Apparatus
1.1.1 The use of the term “rate” is, strictly speaking, not
E921 Specification for Export Packaged Laboratory Appa-
correct. The test measures the amount of settling of red cells ratus
after a specified time.
E1133 Practice for Performance Testing of Packaged Labo-
ratory Apparatus for United States Government Procure-
1.2 The tubes are used together with a special rack to ensure
ments
they remain in a vertical position during the test.
E1157 Specification for Sampling and Testing of Reusable
1.3 This specification includes many dimensional require-
Laboratory Glassware
ments that are, for the most part, in agreement with the British
Standards Institution, German Standards Institute, Interna-
3. Terminology
tional Committee for Standardization in Haematology, and the
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards publi-
3.1.1 reusable—capable of being used again.
cations on Westergren tubes. The clinical procedure using the
tube described in this specification is known as the “Wester-
3.1.2 tube—the word “tube” rather than “pipet” is used to
gren Method.”
describe this instrument. The word “pipet” should be reserved
for volume-measuring instruments thus designated. A tube
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
used for measurements of blood sedimentation rate is not a
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
volume measuring instrument. In this connection, misunder-
standard.
standing can occur when a Westergren “tube” is described as a
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
“pipet.”
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3.1.3 Westergren—The surname of the individual respon-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter- sible for the design of the Westergren tube and the method of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Classification
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1 This specification covers a tube that is intended to be
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used until it is no longer considered functional for the purpose
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
intended.The specification is specifically written for a reusable
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
item and is not to be confused with a disposable tube that is
described in other published standards.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
Laboratory Ware and Supplies For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved July 1, 2019. Published August 2019. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1983.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2013asE923 – 97(2013).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0923-97R19. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E923 − 97 (2019)
5. Materials graduation lines starting with a numerical zero (0) and down-
ward to a maximum value of 190 mm.The numerical markings
5.1 The tubes made to this specification shall be fabricated
shall appear at the right side of the graduated scale when held
from borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B; or soda lime glass,
vertically with the scale facing the viewer.
Type II, in accordance with Specification E438.
6.5 Length of Graduation Lines—The top graduation line
6. Dimensions, Mass, and Permissible Variations
and every other tenth- or twentieth-numbered line shall
encircle, or near encircle the tube or be a minimum of 6 mm
6.1 Design—The Westergren tube shall be made
...




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