ASTM D5306-92(1997)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn. Contact
ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: D 5306 – 92 (Reapproved 1997)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Linear Flame Propagation Rate of Lubricating Oils and
Hydraulic Fluids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5306; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.1.1 linear flame propagation rate, n—the average quotient
of the distance of flame travel and the time required for the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the linear
flame front to travel that distance.
flame propagation rates of lubricating oils and hydraulic fluids
supported on the surfaces of and impregnated into ceramic
4. Summary of Test Method
fiber media. Data thus generated are to be used for the
4.1 A section of a ceramic fiber support medium (string) is
comparison of relative flammability.
impregnated with the sample under specific conditions. The
1.2 This test method should be used to measure and describe
impregnated fiber is placed on a standard support. The sample
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
is ignited and the time required for the flame front to propagate
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire across a measured distance is determined by use of a thermo-
electric system. The average propagation rate is then calculated
risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
conditions. However, results of this test method may be used as from the measured distance of flame travel and the time
required for the flame front to propagate over that distance.
elements of fire risk which takes into account all of the factors
that are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a
5. Significance and Use
particular end use.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
5.1 The linear flame propagation rate of a sample is a
standard.
property that is relevant to the overall assessment of the
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
flammability or relative ignitability of fire resistance lubricants
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
and hydraulic fluids. It is intended to be used as a bench-scale
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
test for distinguishing between the relative resistance to igni-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
tion of such materials. It is not intended to be used for the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
evaluation of the relative flammability of flammable, extremely
tionary statements are given in the note.
flammable, or volatile fuels, solvents, or chemicals.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Apparatus for measurement of linear flame propagation
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Test Pro-
rates:
gram to Determine the Precision of Test Methods
6.1.1 Open Top Stainless Steel Box, as shown in Fig. 1.
2.2 Military Specifications:
6.1.2 Recorder, stripchart, fast responses. A zero-centered
MIL-H-83282C Hydraulic Fluid, Fire Resistant, Synthetic
recorder with a 65 mV range and a one-half second full-scale
Hydrocarbon Base, Aircraft NATO Code Number H-537
deflection capacity has been found to be satisfactory. A chart
MIL-H-46170B Amm.1, Hydraulic Fluid, Rust Inhibited,
speed of at least 1 in./min has been used for most studies.
Fire Resistant, Synthetic Hydrocarbon Base 6.1.3 Differential Thermocouple Pair, 30 gage with bare
junctions and double fiberglass wrap insulation, ISA, Type J or
3. Terminology
Type K may be prepared from any premium grade thermo-
couple wire.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
6.1.4 Fume Hood, draft-free when ventilation system is not
operative.
1 6.1.5 Weights,50 6 0.01 g, with attached hooks; two
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-2 on
required.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.N0.06 on Fire Resistant Fluids.
6.1.6 Chrome-Plated Tube or Rod, 15 mm diameter by 375
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 1992. Published December 1992.
mm long.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
6.1.7 Porcelain or Glass Dish, approximately 135 mL
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. capacity.
NOTICE:¬This¬standard¬has¬either¬been¬superceded¬and¬replaced¬by¬a¬new¬version¬or¬discontinued.¬
Contact¬ASTM¬International¬(www.astm.org)¬for¬the¬latest¬information.¬
D 5306
8.5 Place the string support and thermocouple holder in a
draft-free hood with the ventilation turned off. Level the
apparatus with a spirit level. Place the prepared string on the
string supports. The attached weights should be left in place to
provide tension in the string. Adjust the differential thermo-
couple junctions so that they are exactly 2 mm directly above
the string. Connect the differential thermocouple pair to the
fast-response, zero-centered strip chart recorder.
8.6 Start the recorder chart after an appropriate warm-up
period. With an ignition source, ignite the sample on the string
near its support at one end of the apparatus. Permit the flame to
advance along the string past each thermocouple until it
extinguishes itself upon reaching the opposite string support.
FIG. 1 Apparatus for Determination of Linear Flame Propagation
Rates Stop the recorder and start the hood ventilator to exhaust the
combustion products of the sample.
7. Materials NOTE 1—Warning: Take extreme care to avoid inhalation of the
combustion products as extremely toxic substances are formed during the
7.1 Absorbent Paper Wipers, 375 by 213 mm.
combustion of some synthetic materials, especially halogenated and
7.2 Ceramic Fiber, twisted yarn type 390/312, 4/5, 2.72 or
phosphorus-based compounds.
type 390/312, 3/4, 2.72. Ceramic fiber size used shall be agreed
upon by supplier and consumer and shall be specified in test 8.7 Measure the horizontal distance between the thermo-
report. couples and interval between the first thermal effects as shown
7.3 Ignition Source, any paper book matches or wooden
in Fig. 2. From the measured interval, the chart speed of the
kitchen matches can be used.
recorder and the known horizontal distance between thermo-
couples in the test apparatus, calculate and report the horizontal
8. Procedure
linear flame propagation rate in millimetres per second. If the
8.1 Tie small loops in each end of a 500 mm section of
flame does not advance during the experimental run, or if it
ceramic fiber support (string). Place a few millilitres of the
extinguishes itself before passing both thermocouples, record
sample to be studied in an evaporating dish. Immerse the
that fact. Replicate runs shall be made as required.
ceramic fiber support (string) in the liquid sample for 60 s.
Avoid immersion of the loops at the end of the string.
9. Calculation and Report
8.2 While the ceramic fiber support (string) is immersed in
9.1 Calculate the linear flame propagation rate as follows:
the sample, carefully wrap an absorbent paper wiper around the
15 mm diameter chrome plated rod. Leave one end of the rod
dv
linear flame propagation rate 5 (1)
uncovered by the wiper.
p
8.3 Remove the ceramic fiber support (string) section from
where:
the liquid sample and attach a 50 g weight to the loop at each
d 5 distance between thermocouples, mm (see Fig. 1),
end. Fix the chrome-plated rod with its absorbent paper
v 5 chart speed in mm/s, and
wrapping in a horizontal position and hang the soaked string
p 5 distance measured peak to peak between thermal
section with attached weights over the unwrapped section of
effects, mm (see Fig. 2).
the rod. Press down gently on the uppermost weight to cause
the soaked string to pass over the bare rod, flexing gently as it
moves. When the lower weight has been drawn up to the rod,
reverse the process until the first weight has again been drawn
up the rod. Repeat the cycle four times to work the sample
thoroughly into the string.
8.4 Transfer the strin
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