ASTM D4587-23

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
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Designation: D4587 − 11 (Reapproved 2019) D4587 − 23
Standard Practice for
Fluorescent UV-Condensation Exposures of Paint and
Related Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4587; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Section 4.2 was updated editorially in December 2019.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testingdescribes artificial accelerated weathering
methods for testing the durability of coatings and related products inusing fluorescent UV and condensation devices conducted
according to lamps and water apparatus operated in accordance with Practices G151 and G154. This practice also covers the
preparation of test specimens, and the evaluation of test results. Table 1 describes commonly used test conditions.
NOTE 1—Previous versions of this practice referenced fluorescent UV devices described by Practice G53, which described very specific equipment
designs. Practice G53 has been withdrawn and replaced by Practice G151, which describes performance criteria for all exposure devices that use
laboratory light sources, and by Practice G154, which gives requirements for exposing nonmetallic materials in fluorescent UV devices.
NOTE 2—ISO 11507:1997 also describes fluorescent UV-condensation exposures of paints and coatings.
1.2 This practice also makes recommendations for preparation of test specimens, exposure duration, and the evaluation of test
results.
NOTE 1—ISO 16474-3 also describes fluorescent UV lamp and water apparatus for artificial accelerated weathering of paints and coatings.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D358D16 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in Weathering Tests of CoatingsTerminology for Paint, Related Coatings,
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019June 1, 2023. Published December 2019June 2023. Originally approved in 1986. Last previous edition approved in 20112019 as
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D4587 – 11.D4587 – 11 (2019) . DOI: 10.1520/D4587-11R19E01.10.1520/D4587-23.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
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D4587 − 23
A
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Fluorescent UV–Condensation Exposure Testing of Paints and Related Coatings
B,C D E
Cycle Number Cycle Description 340 nm Irradiance Black Panel Temperature Typical Uses
2 F
1 8 h UV 0.83 W/(m ·nm) 70 ± 2.5ºC (158 ± 5ºF) Automotive coatings
4 h condensation dark period 50 ± 2. ºC (122 ± 5ºF)
Repeated continuously
2 G
2 4 h UV 0.89 W/(m ·nm) 60 ± 2.5 (140 ± 5ºF) Industrial maintenance coatings
4 h condensation dark period 50 ± 2.5 (122 ± 5ºF)
Repeated continuously
3 4 h UV 0.89 W/(m ·nm) 60 ± 2.5 (140 ± 5ºF) Exterior wood coatings
20 h condensation dark period 50 ± 2.5 (122 ± 5ºF)
Repeated continuously
4 8 h UV 0.89 W/(m ·nm) 60 ± 2.5 (140 ± 5ºF) General metal coatings
4 h condensation dark period 50 ± 2.5 (122 ± 5ºF)
Repeated continuously
A
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Fluorescent UV–Condensation Exposure Testing of Paints and Related Coatings
B C D
Cycle Number Cycle Description 340 nm Irradiance Black Panel Temperature Typical Uses
2 E
1 8 h UV 0.83 W/(m ·nm) 70 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (158 ºF ± 5 ºF) Automotive coatings
4 h condensation dark period 50 ºC ± 2. ºC (122 ºF ± 5 ºF)
2 F
2 4 h UV 0.89 W/(m ·nm) 60 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (140 ºF ± 5 ºF) Industrial maintenance coatings
4 h condensation dark period 50 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (122 ºF ± 5 ºF)
3 4 h UV 0.89 W/(m ·nm) 60 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (140 ºF ± 5 ºF) Exterior wood coatings
20 h condensation dark period 50 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (122 ºF ± 5 ºF)
4 8 h UV 0.89 W/(m ·nm) 60 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (140 ºF ± 5 ºF) General metal coatings
4 h condensation dark period 50 ºC ± 2.5 ºC (122 ºF ± 5 ºF)
A
The cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications listed. Additional exposure cycles are
described in Practice G154.
B
The irradiance set point given is typical for devices operated without irradiance control. Other irradiance levels may be used, but must be described in the report.
C
Previous editions of Practice D4587 contained non-mandatory irradiance set points in Table 1 that were commonly used in the industry. The previous set points were
0.72 and 0.77 W/(m · nm) at 340 nm for UVA 340 lamps. The measurement data used to establish these set points was inaccurate, due to an error in calibration on the
part of one manufacturer. It has been found that, for most users, the actual irradiance when running at the previous set points was 11 to 15 % higher than the indicated
set point. The set points shown in this edition of D4587 do not change the actual irradiances that have been historically used by these users. However, for users of
equipment made by another manufacturer, the irradiance control system did not have the measurement inaccuracies described above, so running at the new set points
will represent a change in the actual irradiance of the test. If in doubt, users should consult the manufacturer of their device for clarification.
C
Temperature is at equilibrium for either an uninsulated or insulated black panel, although the response of the an insulated black panel might be slower than that for the
uninsulated black panel. will often result in lower specimen temperatures when compared to an uninsulated black panel with the same temperature control point. Refer
to Practice G151 for more information about the construction and differences between uninsulated and insulated black panels.
D
Typical uses do not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.
E
SAE J2020 describes the test used in many automotive specifications and requires use of a FS40 fluorescent UVB lamp.specifications.
F
Historical convention has established this as a very commonly used test cycle. This cycle may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.
Materials, and Applications (Withdrawn 2014)
D523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating
Products
D610 Practice for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on Painted Steel Surfaces
D659 Method for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paints (Withdrawn 1990)
D660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of Exterior Paints
D662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of Exterior Paints
D714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of Paints
D772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scaling) of Exterior Paints
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous
Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
D1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color Differences of Diffusely-Illuminated Opaque Materials
D1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
D2244 Practice for Calculation of Color Tolerances and Color Differences from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
D2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Difference With a Gray Scale
D3359 Test Methods for Rating Adhesion by Tape Test
D3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and Related Materials (Withdrawn 1998)
D4214 Test Methods for Evaluating the Degree of Chalking of Exterior Paint Films
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
D4587 − 23
D5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index of Plastics
D6631 Guide for Committee D01 for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study for the Purpose of Determining the Precision of a Test
Method
D7091 Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to Ferrous Metals
and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to Non-Ferrous Metals
D7787 Practice for Selecting Wood Substrates for Weathering Evaluations of Architectural Coatings
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E1347 Test Method for Color and Color-Difference Measurement by Tristimulus Colorimetry
G53E1348 Practice for Operating Light-and Water-Exposure Apparatus (Fluorescent UV-Condensation Type) for Exposure of
Nonmetallic MaterialsTest Method for Transmittance and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Hemispherical Geometry
(Withdrawn 2000)
E1349 Test Method for Reflectance Factor and Color by Spectrophotometry Using Bidirectional (45°:0° or 0°:45°) Geometry
G113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
G141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing of Nonmetallic Materials
G147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonmetallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
G151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Accelerated Test Devices that Use Laboratory Light Sources
G154 Practice for Operating Fluorescent Ultraviolet (UV) Lamp Apparatus for Exposure of Materials
G169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to Weathering Tests
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 11507:199716474-3 Paints and Varnishes—Exposure of Coatings to Artificial Weathering—Exposure to Fluorescent UV
and WaterVarnishes—Methods of exposure to laboratory light sources – Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps
2.3 SAE Standard:
SAE J2020 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Fluorescent UV Condensation Apparatus
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology D16 are applicable to this practice.
3.2 The definitions given in Terminology G113 are applicable to this practice.
4. Significance and Use
4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deteriorationdegradation of its physical and optical properties caused by exposure
to light, heat, and water can be very significant important for many applications. This practice is intended to inducedescribes
artificial accelerated weathering methods designed to reproduce property changes associated with end-use conditions, including the
effects of exposure to sunlight, moisture, and heat. The exposure used heat in end-use conditions. The weathering methods
referenced in this practice is not intended to do not simulate the deterioration caused by localized weather phenomena such as
atmospheric pollution, biological attack, and saltwater exposure.
4.2 Cautions—Warning—Variation in results may be expected when different operating conditions are used. Therefore, no
reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared according to Section 10 that describes
the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results
obtained according to this practice.Variation in results may be expected when different operating conditions are used. Therefore,
no reference to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by a report prepared according to Section 10 that
describes the specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G151 for detailed information on the caveats applicable to use
of results obtained according to this practice.
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data analysis of
laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G141.
4.2.1 The spectral power distribution irradiance of light from fluorescent UV lamps is significantly different from that produced
in light and water exposure devices using other light sources. The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankings
produced in exposures to fluorescent UV lamps can be much different from those produced by exposures to other types of
laboratory light sources.
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier, Geneva,
Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr., Warrendale, PA 15096, http://www.sae.org.
D4587 − 23
4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all laboratories use the same design of fluorescent UV device, apparatus,
lamp, and exposure conditions.
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has been shown to be good when the stability of materials is evaluated in
6,7
terms of performance ranking compared to other materials or to a control.control material. Therefore, exposure of a similar
material of known performance (a control) at the same time as the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended that
at least three replicates of each material be exposed to allow for statistical evaluation of results.
4.4 Test Repeatability and reproducibility of test results will depend upon the care that is taken to operate the equipment according
to Practice G154. Significant factors include regulation of line voltage, temperature of the room in which the device operates,
temperature control, and condition and age of the lamps.
4.5 All references to exposures artificial accelerated weathering in accordance with this practice mustshall include a complete
description of the test cycle used.and equipment used.
5. Apparatus
5.1 Use of The fluorescent UV apparatus thatlamp and water apparatus shall conform to the requirements defined in Practices
G151 and G154 is required to conform to this practice.
NOTE 4—A fluorescent UV apparatus that complied with Practice G53 also complies with Practice G154.
5.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribution irradiance of the fluorescent UV lamp shall conform to the
requirements in Practice G154 for a UVA 340 lamp.
NOTE 3—Fluorescent UV exposures described in SAE J2020 for automotive applications call for use of fluorescent UVA or UVB lamps.
5.3 Test Chamber Location: Laboratory Conditions:
5.3.1 Locate the apparatus in an area maintained between 18 and 27°C (65 and 80°F).18 °C and 27 °C (65 °F and 80 °F). Measure
ambient temperature at a maximum distance of 150 mm (6 in.) from the plane door of the apparatus. Control of ambient
temperature is particularly critical when one apparatus is stacked above another, because the heat generated from the lower unit
can interfere with the operation affect the ambient conditions of the units above.
5.3.2 Place the apparatus at least 300 mm (12 in.) from walls or other apparatus. Do not place the apparatus near a heat source
such as an oven.
5.3.3 Ventilate the room in which the apparatus is located to remove heat and moisture.
6. Hazards
6.1 Warning—In addition to other precautions, never look directly at the fluorescent UV lamp because UV radiation can damage
the eye. Turn the device off before removing panels for inspection.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 Apply the test coating to flat (plane)(planar) panels with the substrate, method of preparation, method of application, coating
system, film thickness, and method of drying consistent with the anticipated end use, or as mutually agreed upon between the
producer and user.
7.2 Panel specifications and methods of preparation commonly used include but are not limited to Practices D609, D1730, or
Specification D358D7787. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposure apparatus.
Fischer, R., “Results of Round Robin Studies of Light- and Water-Exposure Standard Practices,” Accelerated and Outdoor Durability Testing of Organic Materials, ASTM
STP 1202, ASTM, 1993.
Ketola, W., and Fischer, R., “Characterization and Use of Reference Materials in Accelerated Durabi
...