ASTM D2091-96(2024)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
Standard Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 An unsatisfactory appearance can result from pressure deformation of a film inherently too soft or containing residual solvent. This test method is primarily used to evaluate the resistance of a lacquer finish to printing under the conditions of packaging, shipping, and warehousing.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of dried lacquer films to imprinting.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Jan-2024
- Technical Committee
- D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
- Drafting Committee
- D01.52 - Factory Coated Wood Products
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 15-Jan-2018
- Referred By
ASTM D3322-23 - Standard Practice for Testing Primers and Primer Surfacers Over Preformed Metal - Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2024
Overview
ASTM D2091-96(2024), titled Standard Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers, is an internationally recognized ASTM standard that specifies test procedures to evaluate the resistance of dried lacquer films to imprinting, commonly known as print resistance. This standard plays a key role in ensuring finishes maintain their intended appearance and durability when exposed to pressure during handling, packaging, shipping, and storage. By defining precise test conditions, ASTM D2091 helps manufacturers, suppliers, and quality control professionals assess the suitability of lacquer finishes for various industrial and commercial applications.
Key Topics
- Purpose of the Test: The standard is designed to identify whether a lacquer film is susceptible to pressure deformation and imprinting caused by inherently soft finishes or residual solvents.
- Test Specimen Preparation: Guidance is provided for applying lacquer to test panels using film applicators or specified methods to achieve precise film thickness, with recommended values in absence of specific requirements.
- Imprinting Test Procedure: The method involves pressing a weighted fabric (duck cloth or cheesecloth with optional felt pad) against the lacquered surface under controlled temperature and humidity for a set duration, followed by visual inspection under bright, diffused light.
- Assessment Criteria: Any impressions or marks left by the fabric are noted and compared against photographic standards. The results are reported with full details on surface type, drying schedule, film thickness, weight used, test temperature, duration, and any deviations from standard conditions.
- Measurement Units: The standard specifies the use of SI units as the primary measurement system.
- Safety Considerations: Users are responsible for ensuring proper safety, health, and environmental protocols during testing and compliance with applicable regulations.
Applications
ASTM D2091 is widely implemented in numerous industries where the visual quality and integrity of lacquer finishes are critical. Key application areas include:
- Wood Products: Assessment of lacquer applied to furniture, cabinetry, and decorative wood surfaces to ensure aesthetic durability.
- Metal and Plastic Components: Evaluation of coatings on consumer electronics, appliances, and automotive parts to prevent visible pressure marks during transit.
- Packaging: Ensuring that lacquered packaging materials retain their appearance without unsightly imprints during stacking and shipping.
- Quality Assurance: Routine print resistance testing as part of product development, specification compliance, and manufacturing quality control.
- Supplier and Purchaser Agreements: Used as a reference method in procurement and supply contracts to define acceptable lacquer performance standards.
Related Standards
Several other ASTM standards and federal specifications are referenced within ASTM D2091, providing a comprehensive framework for coatings testing:
- ASTM D823 - Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
- ASTM D1005 - Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thickness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
- ASTM D1186 - Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
- ASTM D1400 - Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
- ASTM D5235 - Test Method for Microscopic Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Coatings on Wood Products
- Federal Specifications CCC-C-419(f) and CCC-C-440(e) for test fabrics (duck cloth and cheesecloth)
Keywords: lacquer, print resistance, test method, coating durability, ASTM D2091, packaging, shipping, finishes, quality control, industrial standards
Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D2091-96(2024) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Test Method for Print Resistance of Lacquers". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 An unsatisfactory appearance can result from pressure deformation of a film inherently too soft or containing residual solvent. This test method is primarily used to evaluate the resistance of a lacquer finish to printing under the conditions of packaging, shipping, and warehousing. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the resistance of dried lacquer films to imprinting. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 An unsatisfactory appearance can result from pressure deformation of a film inherently too soft or containing residual solvent. This test method is primarily used to evaluate the resistance of a lacquer finish to printing under the conditions of packaging, shipping, and warehousing. SCOPE 1.1 This test method covers the resistance of dried lacquer films to imprinting. 1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D2091-96(2024) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 87.040 - Paints and varnishes. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D2091-96(2024) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D2091-96(2017), ASTM D5235-18(2024), ASTM D5235-18, ASTM D3322-23, ASTM D2793-99(2024), ASTM D3451-06(2017), ASTM D2064-24, ASTM D333-01(2021). Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D2091-96(2024) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2091 − 96 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Test Method for
Print Resistance of Lacquers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2091; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D5235 Test Method for Microscopic Measurement of Dry
Film Thickness of Coatings on Wood Products
1.1 This test method covers the resistance of dried lacquer
2.2 U.S. Federal Specifications:
films to imprinting.
CCC-C-419(f) Cloth, Duck, Cotton, Unbleached, Plied
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
CCC-C-440(e) Cloth, Cheesecloth, Bleached and Un-
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
bleached
only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 A weight presses a piece of fabric against the test
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
surface. The surface is then examined and changes in appear-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ance of the test surface are reported.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
4. Significance and Use
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 An unsatisfactory appearance can result from pressure
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
deformation of a film inherently too soft or containing residual
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
solvent. This test method is primarily used to evaluate the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
resistance of a lacquer finish to printing under the conditions of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
packaging, shipping, and warehousing.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Apparatus and Materials
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 Test Panels—A plane surface consisting of wood, metal,
D823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness
paper supported on plate glass, plastic, or other surface with an
of Paint, Coatings and Related Products on Test Panels
area at least 100 % greater than the base of the weight. The
D1005 Test Method for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
planeness, smoothness, and composition should be agreed
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
upon by the purchaser and the seller.
D1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
5.2 Imprinting Fabric, 8 oz Army duck, Type III, conform-
a Ferrous Base (Withdrawn 2006)
ing to Fed. Spec. CCC-C-419(f) or cheesecloth, Type I,
D1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry
conforming to Federal Specification CCC-C-440(e).
Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to a
3 NOTE 1—With the cheesecloth only, use a pad of nonwoven felt cloth
Nonferrous Metal Base (Withdrawn 2006)
2 2
at least 1.3 mm (0.05 in.) thick, weighing 0.24 kg/m (7 oz/yd ) and larger
than the plane end of the weight.
5.3 Weights, consisting of metal cylinders cut from standard
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
stock 51 mm (2 in.) in diameter, with plane ends perpendicular
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
to the axis, and of a length to give a pressure of 3.5 kPa or 7.0
Subcommittee D01.52 on Factory Coated Wood Products.
2 2
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
kPa ( ⁄2 lb ⁄in. or 1 lb/in. ).
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D2091 – 96 (2017).
5.4 Automatic Application Equipment, (Optional), as de-
DOI: 10.1520/D2091-96R24.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
scribed in Pract
...
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