iTeh StandardsiTeh Standards
EURUSD
Your shopping cart is empty.
ASTM

ASTM E2452-05e1

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model

Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a process for the assessment and reporting of an entitys overall equipment management process maturity (EMPM).
1.2 The highest value is placed on continuous improvement as reflected in measured increases in maturity over time.
1.3 The EMPM model is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities, however, the EMPM may not be the only acceptable assessment model available.
1.4 It includes all aspects of equipment management.
1.5 In addition to applicability to equipment and equipment management as defined in this practice, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.
1.6 There is great variation across organizations regarding the internal departments that accomplish the various aspects of equipment management. Thus, all criteria are not applicable to all entities.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
03.100.10 - Purchasing. Procurement. Logistics
Technical Committee
E53 - Asset Management
Drafting Committee
E53.05 - Asset Leadership
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2452-05 - Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Replaced By
ASTM E2452-10 - Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model
Effective Date
01-Jul-2010
Referred By
ASTM E3015-15(2020) - Standard Guide for Management of Customer-Owned Property Assets in Possession of Supplier, Contractor or Subcontractor
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2675-22 - Standard Practice for Asset Management System Outcomes
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2135-22 - Standard Terminology for Property and Asset Management
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2631-20 - Standard Practice for Physical Placement of an Entity-Controlled Supplemental Identification Label
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E3035-15(2020) - Standard Classification for Facility Asset Component Tracking System (FACTS)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2608-20 - Standard Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2279-20 - Standard Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles of Property Asset Management
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005
Referred By
ASTM E2936-20 - Standard Guide for Contractor Self-Assessment for U.S. Government Asset Management Systems
Effective Date
01-Jul-2005

Buy Standard

ASTM E2452-05e1 - Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) ModelASTM E2452-05e1 - Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model
PreviousNext
Standard
ASTM E2452-05e1 - Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model
English language
7 pages
sale 15% off
Preview
sale 15% off
Preview

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:E2452–05
Standard Practice for
1
Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2452; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout the text in December 2005.
INTRODUCTION
Life-cycle equipment management has a great impact on business operations of almost all entities.
In fact, the success or failure on an entity may hinge on how effectively and efficiently an entity
performs in the equipment management life-cycle. Entities that sustain high maturity levels will
generallybemoreeffectiveorcompetitiveorboththanentitieswithlowermaturitylevelsinthatthese
entities will more efficiently and effectively acquire what is needed, use and control equipment better,
and dispose of equipment when no longer sufficiently suitable for operations.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
1.1 This practice covers a process for the assessment and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
reporting of an entity’s overall equipment management process E2131 Practice for Addressing and Reporting Loss, Dam-
maturity (EMPM). age, or Destruction of Tangible Property
1.2 The highest value is placed on continuous improvement E2132 Practice for Physical Inventory of Durable, Move-
as reflected in measured increases in maturity over time. able Property
1.3 The EMPM model is designed to be applicable and E2135 Terminology for Property and Asset Management
appropriate for all equipment-holding entities, however, the E2219 Practice for Valuation and Management of Move-
3
EMPM may not be the only acceptable assessment model able, Durable Property
available. E2220 Practice for Establishing the Full Valuation of the
1.4 It includes all aspects of equipment management. Loss/Overage Population Identified During the Inventory
3
1.5 In addition to applicability to equipment and equipment of Moveable, Durable Property
management as defined in this practice, this practice may in E2221 Practice for Administrative Control of Property
whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, E2279 Practice for Establishing the Guiding Principles of
real property, and material. Property Management
1.6 There is great variation across organizations regarding
3. Terminology
the internal departments that accomplish the various aspects of
3.1 Definitions:
equipment management. Thus, all criteria are not applicable to
all entities. 3.1.1 entity, n—agency, company, organization, or institu-
tion.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1.2 equipment, n—non-expendable, tangible, moveable
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- property needed for the performance of a task or useful in
effecting an obligation. E2135
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E53 on Property contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Management Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E53.05 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Property Management Maturity. the ASTM website.
3
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published July 2005. DOI: 10.1520/ Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
E2452-05E01. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´1
E2452–05
3.1.3 equipment management, n—systematic planning and 3.2.1 CIP—construction in progress
control of equipment to optimize its service delivery potential 3.2.2 EMPM—equipment management process maturity
and the management of associated risks and costs throughout
4. Summary of Practice
its life-cycle in support of organizational objectives. This
includes the process management and operations of acquisition 4.1 The EMPM model provides insight into the effective-
ness of an entity as it acquires, uses, and disposes of the
or construction of the equipment; its operation, maintenance,
and modification while in use; and its disposal when no longer equipment necessary to the functioning of the entity. It enables
a holistic approach and vision for achieving cost-effective,
required.
3.1.4 operations, n—exercise of the tasks that constitute responsive equipment
...

Questions, Comments and Discussion

Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.

This May Also Interest You

ASTM
ASTM E2608-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a standard equipment internal control methodology to safeguard or protect assets and aid in requirements determination and communication with the end goal of the promulgation of safe, secure, cost effective, and risk appropriate control and tracking methodologies.  
4.2 The ECCs provide standard classes for equipment based on control and tracking requirements for equipment.  
4.3 The ECLs provide standard names and definitions for existing equipment control practices.  
4.4 The ECM relates the equipment control classes to the equipment control levels, providing a baseline for determination of safe, secure, risk appropriate, and cost-effective control and tracking of various classes of equipment.  
4.5 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the control and tracking of equipment and enables meaningful discussion between parties with interest in the equipment.  
4.6 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on these terms and concepts.  
4.7 This practice provides the ability to change ECCs on certain assets based upon facts, circumstances, and experience. (See Practice E2378.)  
4.8 This practice promotes the achievement of best value in the requirements of asset management to the benefit of the owner and other stakeholders.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes equipment control classes (ECCs), equipment control levels (ECLs), and their relationships.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities.  
1.3 This practice covers property categorized as equipment. Equipment as defined in Terminology E2135 is non-expendable, tangible moveable property needed for the performance of a task or useful in effecting an obligation.  
1.4 This practice can be applied to an individual item of equipment, to groupings of equipment, or to all or a subset of an entity's equipment.  
1.5 In accordance with the provisions of Practice E2279, this practice enhances internal controls, and clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and tracking of equipment.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2452-12(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Internal—The EMPM provides assessment results that are easy to understand and communicate. Areas requiring additional resources become apparent, and thus, can be more readily addressed. Improvement can be tracked in meaningful ways. Assessment detail allows attention to be drawn to processes of exceptional maturity and areas in which changes or additional resources, or both, are required to achieve process improvements.  
5.2 External—Meaningful comparisons to external requirements are enabled. Comparisons of equipment management between entities in different operational or business environments become meaningful and provide insight previously unavailable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a process for the assessment and reporting of an entity’s overall equipment management process maturity (EMPM).  
1.2 The highest value is placed on continuous improvement as reflected in measured increases in maturity over time.  
1.3 The EMPM model is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities, however, the EMPM may not be the only acceptable assessment model available.  
1.4 It includes all aspects of equipment management.  
1.5 In addition to applicability to equipment and equipment management as defined in this practice, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.  
1.6 There is great variation across organizations regarding the internal departments that accomplish the various aspects of equipment management. Thus, all criteria are not applicable to all entities.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2453-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimating the Life-Cycle Cost of Ownership of Property Assets

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For agencies and institutions, measuring and managing the LCC of ownership of property may directly result in improved accountability, in the form of cost savings, increased asset utilization, extended asset life, and increased mission effectiveness.  
5.2 For companies, measuring and managing the LCC of ownership of property may directly result in cost savings, increased asset utilization, and, therefore, improved profit margins.  
5.3 Including LCC in the three stages is consistent with Practice E2279 under the reporting principle.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the establishment of a process consensus model for determining the life-cycle cost (LCC) of property assets owned or used by an entity.  
1.1.1 For businesses, these property assets are required to seek to achieve financial returns from producing and selling goods or services, or both.  
1.1.2 For institutions and agencies, these property assets are required to accomplish their primary mission.  
1.2 Real and personal property assets may include capital (fixed) assets and movable assets including customer-supplied assets, rental/leased assets, contract/project direct-purchased assets, or expense items.  
1.3 Asset service lives can be divided into three distinct stages, each with several separate yet interrelated substages: acquisition, utilization, and disposition. These primary stages are not intended to be all-encompassing but are offered as the basis for establishing LCC.  
1.4 This practice is expected to be primarily used for considering the life-cycle cost of personal property, however, the concept can and should be used for various types of assets including personal, real, tangible, and intangible.  
1.5 This practice does not supersede applicable generally accepted accounting principles but is intended to be consistent with the accounting principles particularly in the area of internal controls (see the GAO Green Book) and processes and requirements for estimating. Some life-cycle cost estimating may be required for accounting purposes. (See AS 2501.)  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2499-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Classification of Asset Location Information

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a notational and conversational approach to asset physical location information to enable precision in requirements and results related to asset physical location tracking.  
4.2 It is intended that this practice fosters and enables additional practices related to or based on asset physical location information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practices and terminology related to information conveying the physical location of assets.  
1.2 This practice describes ten increasingly specific levels of asset physical location information, assigning a standard name and level number to each.  
1.3 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.  
1.4 In addition to applicability to assets, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM F2577-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Compositional Evaluation of Declarable Substances and Substances of Concern for Materials in Products

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Regulations, standards, and market-defined requirements for chemical constituent (“substances of interest”) compliance and conformance have become increasing numerous and complex. Specific laws and standards may pertain to certain product and industry segments, for example, electrical/electronic instruments and components, pharmaceuticals, medical devices, consumer products, agrichemicals, and so forth. Others may be broader and relate specifically to assessment and management of specific chemical compounds or classes across multiple product sectors and sources, for example Ref (2). In addition, such requirements may be issued by national authorities, international standards setting groups, or, in the case of market-defined requirements, even by customer advocacy organizations or customers through supply contracts. The resulting global landscape of requirements and market access expectations is complex, and compliance/conformance presents numerous challenges for manufacturers.
Note 1: For example, IEC 62474:2012 provides some standardized definitions for reporting thresholds and declaration statements for electrotechnical industry. In another example, ISO 14021:2016 addresses self-declared environmental claims.  
4.2 Declarable substances may be found on various lists and forms, including those listed in Refs (2-10) and on supply agreements and questionnaires. This guide is not intended to be exhaustive nor cover all declarable substances. Nor does this guide address specific declaration and labeling requirements within these regulation and standards nor address product safety and compliance requirements as dictated by law for specific products, industries, or market regions.  
4.3 In addition to new laws and standards, more chemical substances are continually added to a variety of screening lists for review of potential hazards, identification and quantification of possible health or environmental hazards, or both, and consideration of control measures. To ...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide uses case studies to illustrate the decision process to assess materials and products for declarable substances when evaluating conformance to relevant requirements. This may be accomplished by applying existing knowledge to determine the need for further action (for example, testing).  
1.2 This guide assists in utilization and interpretation of various forms of information gathered to enable compliance or conformance or both to regulations, standards, supply agreements, or customer enquiries related to identified declarable substances, including the evidence required to issue declarations for the absence or presence of a declarable substance. Several examples are referenced. The target declarable substances will be specific to the product and product classification, the regulatory jurisdiction, customer/supplier requirements, and other relevant considerations. Consideration of which regulations and standards apply to a given product is beyond the scope of this guide.  
1.3 The framework covered in this guide attempts to harmonize language used in the absence of objective data or specific regulatory requirements or both. This guide draws on a variety of existing documentation, which will be cited and referenced, as well as basic scientific principles for communication of chemical hazard and risk, and may be used as an approach for assessing composition of products and their components as part of product risk assessment.  
1.4 This guide is applicable to a variety of materials, including polymeric and elastomeric materials, which are used in regulated industries and products.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international st...

  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2608-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Equipment Control Matrix (ECM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a standard equipment internal control methodology to safeguard or protect assets and aid in requirements determination and communication with the end goal of the promulgation of safe, secure, cost effective, and risk appropriate control and tracking methodologies.  
4.2 The ECCs provide standard classes for equipment based on control and tracking requirements for equipment.  
4.3 The ECLs provide standard names and definitions for existing equipment control practices.  
4.4 The ECM relates the equipment control classes to the equipment control levels, providing a baseline for determination of safe, secure, risk appropriate, and cost-effective control and tracking of various classes of equipment.  
4.5 This practice encourages an inclusive understanding and communication of the control and tracking of equipment and enables meaningful discussion between parties with interest in the equipment.  
4.6 This practice is intended to foster and enable additional standard practices related to or based on these terms and concepts.  
4.7 This practice provides the ability to change ECCs on certain assets based upon facts, circumstances, and experience. (See Practice E2378.)  
4.8 This practice promotes the achievement of best value in the requirements of asset management to the benefit of the owner and other stakeholders.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes equipment control classes (ECCs), equipment control levels (ECLs), and their relationships.  
1.2 This practice is intended to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities.  
1.3 This practice covers property categorized as equipment. Equipment as defined in Terminology E2135 is non-expendable, tangible moveable property needed for the performance of a task or useful in effecting an obligation.  
1.4 This practice can be applied to an individual item of equipment, to groupings of equipment, or to all or a subset of an entity's equipment.  
1.5 In accordance with the provisions of Practice E2279, this practice enhances internal controls, and clarifies and enables effective and efficient control and tracking of equipment.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    3 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2452-12(2019)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Equipment Management Process Maturity (EMPM) Model

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Internal—The EMPM provides assessment results that are easy to understand and communicate. Areas requiring additional resources become apparent, and thus, can be more readily addressed. Improvement can be tracked in meaningful ways. Assessment detail allows attention to be drawn to processes of exceptional maturity and areas in which changes or additional resources, or both, are required to achieve process improvements.  
5.2 External—Meaningful comparisons to external requirements are enabled. Comparisons of equipment management between entities in different operational or business environments become meaningful and provide insight previously unavailable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a process for the assessment and reporting of an entity’s overall equipment management process maturity (EMPM).  
1.2 The highest value is placed on continuous improvement as reflected in measured increases in maturity over time.  
1.3 The EMPM model is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all equipment-holding entities, however, the EMPM may not be the only acceptable assessment model available.  
1.4 It includes all aspects of equipment management.  
1.5 In addition to applicability to equipment and equipment management as defined in this practice, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.  
1.6 There is great variation across organizations regarding the internal departments that accomplish the various aspects of equipment management. Thus, all criteria are not applicable to all entities.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2453-19(Practice)
Standard Practice for Estimating the Life-Cycle Cost of Ownership of Property Assets

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 For agencies and institutions, measuring and managing the LCC of ownership of property may directly result in improved accountability, in the form of cost savings, increased asset utilization, extended asset life, and increased mission effectiveness.  
5.2 For companies, measuring and managing the LCC of ownership of property may directly result in cost savings, increased asset utilization, and, therefore, improved profit margins.  
5.3 Including LCC in the three stages is consistent with Practice E2279 under the reporting principle.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the establishment of a process consensus model for determining the life-cycle cost (LCC) of property assets owned or used by an entity.  
1.1.1 For businesses, these property assets are required to seek to achieve financial returns from producing and selling goods or services, or both.  
1.1.2 For institutions and agencies, these property assets are required to accomplish their primary mission.  
1.2 Real and personal property assets may include capital (fixed) assets and movable assets including customer-supplied assets, rental/leased assets, contract/project direct-purchased assets, or expense items.  
1.3 Asset service lives can be divided into three distinct stages, each with several separate yet interrelated substages: acquisition, utilization, and disposition. These primary stages are not intended to be all-encompassing but are offered as the basis for establishing LCC.  
1.4 This practice is expected to be primarily used for considering the life-cycle cost of personal property, however, the concept can and should be used for various types of assets including personal, real, tangible, and intangible.  
1.5 This practice does not supersede applicable generally accepted accounting principles but is intended to be consistent with the accounting principles particularly in the area of internal controls (see the GAO Green Book) and processes and requirements for estimating. Some life-cycle cost estimating may be required for accounting purposes. (See AS 2501.)  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2263-12(2018)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Paired Preference Test

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The paired preference test determines whether or not there is a preference for one product over another product among a specific target population. Knowledge of consumer segments, brand loyalties, the range of product offerings in the marketplace, and the decision risk must be understood when planning a paired preference test.  
5.2 The paired preference method is commonly used in tests with one or more of the following objectives: (1) to establish superiority in preference versus the competition for advertising claims support; (2) to establish the preference of a new product for launch versus a competitor's product; (3) to establish the preference of a reformulated product in a product improvement or product modification project (for example, process change or ingredient change); and (4) to establish the preference of a cost improved product versus the current formulation in a cost savings project. Selected values of Pmax, α, and β will change with all four types of test objectives. These should be selected prior to determination of N.  
5.2.1 Preference versus Competition or Launching a New Product versus Competition—Select a Pmax  to represent what you expect a reasonable preference split to be. The main risk to avoid is to wrongly claim your product is preferred over the competitors. Thus, low values of α are selected, for example, 0.05, 0.01, or 0.001. The desired outcome of this test is to reject the null hypothesis. The alternative hypothesis is one sided: A new or improved product (A) is preferred over the competitor’s product (B). The test is one-sided. The value of β will be determined by the sample size chosen and the size of the preference in the consumer segment selected for the test. Selection of the appropriate number of respondents is determined by Pmax, α, and β, as well as the market segment that must be included in the test (for issues specific to conducting a paired preference test for an advertising claim, refer to Guide E1958).  
5.2.2 C...
SCOPE
1.1 This document covers a procedure for determining preference between two products using either a two-alternative forced-choice task, or with the option of choosing no preference. Preference testing is a type of hedonic testing.  
1.2 A paired preference test determines whether there is a statistically significant preference between two products for a given population of respondents. The target population must be carefully considered.  
1.3 This method establishes preference in a single evaluation context. Replicated tests will not be covered within the scope of this document.  
1.4 Paired preference testing can address overall preference or preference for a specified sensory attribute.  
1.5 The method does not directly determine the magnitude of preference.  
1.6 This method does not address whether or not two samples are perceived as different. Refer to Test Method E2164 for directional difference test.  
1.7 A paired preference test is a simple task for respondents, and can be used with populations that have minimal reading or comprehension skills, or both.  
1.8 Preference is not an intrinsic attribute of the product, such as hue is, but is a subjective measure relating to respondents' affective or hedonic response. It differs from paired comparison testing which measures objective characteristics of the product. Preference results are always dependent on the population sampled.  
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use, when testing includes hazardous materials, operations, or equipment. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles fo...

  • Standard
    13 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM E2499-18(Practice)
Standard Practice for Classification of Asset Location Information

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice establishes a notational and conversational approach to asset physical location information to enable precision in requirements and results related to asset physical location tracking.  
4.2 It is intended that this practice fosters and enables additional practices related to or based on asset physical location information.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers standardizing practices and terminology related to information conveying the physical location of assets.  
1.2 This practice describes ten increasingly specific levels of asset physical location information, assigning a standard name and level number to each.  
1.3 This practice is designed to be applicable and appropriate for all asset-holding entities.  
1.4 In addition to applicability to assets, this practice may in whole or in part be effectively applied to intangible property, real property, and material.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    2 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off