ASTM D5857-17(2024)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5857 − 17 (Reapproved 2024)
Standard Specification for
Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISO
Protocol and Methodology
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5857; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This material specification is intended to provide a call out system for polypropylene utilizing
specimen preparation procedures and test method based on ISO standards.
This specification is not intended for the determination of the suitability of performance of materials
in the final application. Selection of these materials is to be made by personnel with expertise in the
plastics field in which the environment, inherent properties of the materials, performance of the parts,
part design, manufacturing process, and economics are considered.
1. Scope important to specialized applications can be specified by using
the suffixes as given in Section 5 and those in Classification
1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suit-
System D4000.
able for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist of
polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene copolymers, and 1.5 This classification system and specification are intended
polypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or without
to provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials used
the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber, in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the
polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth),
selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those
colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements. having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consid-
eration of the design and the performance required of the part,
1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypro-
the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication
pylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, and
process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent
reground, provided that the following conditions are met:
properties of the material other than those covered by this
1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification and
specification.
other ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials are
met, and 1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
1.2.2 The material has not been modified in any way to alter
standard.
its conformance to food contact regulations or similar require-
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
ments.
test methods portion, Section 13, of this specification: This
1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrind standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
material used, as well as the nature and the amount of any if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
contaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specifica- of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and
tion. It is the responsibility of the supplier and buyer of environmental practices and determine the applicability of
recycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure com-
regulatory limitations prior to use.
pliance.
NOTE 1—This specification is similar to both ISO 1873-1 and ISO
1.4 The properties included in this classification system are 1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resembles ISO 1873-1
in title only. The content is significantly different. This specification and
those required to identify the compositions covered. Other
ISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtained using either are
requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics
technically equivalent.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Materials.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2024. Published February 2024. Originally
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
approved in 1996. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D5857 – 17. DOI:
10.1520/D5857-17R24. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D5857 − 17 (2024)
2. Referenced Documents ISO 974 Plastics—Determination of the Brittleness Tem-
2 perature by Impact
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ISO 1133 Plastics—Determination of Melt Flow Rate of
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Thermoplastics
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
ISO 1183A Plastics—Methods for Determining the Density
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plas-
and Relative Density of Non-Cellular Plastics
tics (Withdrawn 2024)
ISO 1191 Plastics—Polyethylene and Polypropylenes in Di-
D1999 Guide for Selection of Specimens and Test Param-
lute Solutions—Determination of Viscosity Number and
eters from ISO/IEC Standards (Withdrawn 2000)
of Limiting Viscosity Number
D3763 Test Method for High Speed Puncture Properties of
ISO 1628-3 Plastics—Determination of Viscosity Number
Plastics Using Load and Displacement Sensors
and Limiting Viscosity Number, Part 3: Polyethylene and
D3892 Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
Polypropylene Resins
D4000 Classification System for Specifying Plastic Materi-
ISO 1873-1 Plastics—Propylene and Propylene-Copolymer
als
Thermoplastics, Part 1: Designation
D7209 Guide for Waste Reduction, Resource Recovery, and
ISO 1873-2 Plastics—Polypropylene (PP) and Propylene-
Use of Recycled Polymeric Materials and Products (With-
Copolymer Thermoplastics, Part 2: Preparation of Test
drawn 2015)
Specimens and Determination of Properties
E29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
Determine Conformance with Specifications ISO 2039-1 Plastics—Determination of Hardness, Part 1:
Ball Indention Method
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 2039-2 Plastics—Determination of Hardness, Part 2:
ISO 62 Plastics—Determination of Water Absorption
Rockwell Hardness
ISO 75-1 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of De-
ISO 2818 Plastics—Preparation of Test Specimens by Ma-
flection Under Load, Part 1: General Test Method
chining
ISO 75-2 Plastics—Determination of Temperature of De-
ISO 3451-1 Plastics—Determination of Ash, Part 1: General
flection Under Load, Part 2: Plastics and Ebonite
Methods
ISO 105 Textiles—Tests for Color Fastness
ISO 3795 Road Vehicles, and Tractors and Machinery for
ISO 178 Plastics—Determination of Flexural Properties of
Agriculture and Forestry—Determination of Burning Be-
Rigid Plastics
ISO 179 Plastics—Determination of Charpy Impact Strength havior of Interior Materials
ISO 4582 Plastics—Determination of Changes in Colour
of Rigid Materials
ISO 180 Plastics—Determination of Izod Impact Strength of and Variations in Properties after Exposure to Daylight
Rigid Materials
Under Glass, Natural Weathering or Artificial Light
ISO 293 Plastics—Compression Moulding Test Specimens ISO 4589 Plastics—Determination of Flammability by Oxy-
of Thermoplastic Material
gen Index
ISO 294 Plastics—Injection Moulding of Test Specimens of
ISO 4892-1 Methods of Exposure to Laboratory Light
Thermoplastic Material
Sources, Part 1: General Guidance
ISO 306 Plastics—Thermoplastic Materials—Determination
ISO 4892-2 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
of Vicat Softening Temperature
Light, Part 2: Xenon Arc Exposure
ISO 527-1 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties,
ISO 4892-3 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to Laboratory
Part 1: General Principles
Light, Part 3: Fluorescent UV Lamps
ISO 527-2 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Properties,
ISO 6427 Plastics—Determination of Matter Extractable by
Part 2: Test Conditions for Molding and Extrusion Plastics
Organic Solvents (Conventional Methods)
ISO 537 Plastics—Testing with Torsional Pendulum
ISO 6602 Plastics—Determination of Flexural Creep by
ISO 604 Plastics—Determination of Compressive Properties
Three-Point Loading
ISO 868 Plastics and Ebonite—Determination of Indention
ISO 6603-1 Plastics—Determination of Multiaxial Impact
Hardness by Means of a Durometer (Shore Hardness)
Behavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 1: Falling Dart Method
ISO 877 Plastics—Methods of Exposure to direct
ISO 6603-2 Plastics—Determination of Multiaxial Impact
Weathering, to Weathering Using Glass-Filtered Daylight,
Behavior of Rigid Plastics, Part 2: Instrumented Puncture
and to Intensified Weathering by Daylight Using Fresnel
Test
Mirrors
ISO 8256 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Impact Prop-
ISO 899 Plastics—Determination of Tensile Creep
erties
ISO 9113 Plastics—Polypropylene (PP) and Propylene-
Copolymer Thermoplastics—Determination of Isotactic
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Index
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
ISO 10350 Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of Com-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
parable Single-Point Data
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
ISO 11357–3 Plastics—Differential Scanning Calorimetry
www.astm.org.
(DSC), Part 3: Determination of Temperature and En-
Available from American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org. thalpy of Melting and Crystallization
D5857 − 17 (2024)
ISO 11403-1 Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of 3.2.5 ductile brittle transition temperature, n—the tempera-
Comparable Multi-Point Data, Part 1: Mechanical Prop- ture at which a minimum of 80 % of the specimens exhibit
erties ductile failure.
ISO 11403-2 Plastics—Acquisition and Presentation of
3.2.6 ductile failure, n—one where the specimen deforms
Comparable Multi-point Data—Part 3: Environmental
plastically before fracturing such that the cracks do not radiate
Influences on Properties
more than 10 mm beyond the center of the impact point.
ISO 20753 Plastics—Test Specimens
3.2.7 injection pressure, n—the constant pressure that is
2.3 IEC Standards:
applied to the end of the screw, causing the melted material to
IEC 93 Recommended Methods of Test for Volume and
fill the mold.
Surface Resistivities of Electrical Insulation Materials
3.2.7.1 Discussion—The injection pressure along with the
IEC 112 Recommended Method for Determining the Com-
injection speed determines the volumetric fill rate of the mold.
parative Tracking Index of Solid Insulation Materials
3.2.8 injection time, n—the time during which a constant
Under Moist Conditions
IEC 243-1 Recommended Methods of Test for Electric specified pressure is applied to the melted material.
Strength of Solid Insulating Materials at Power Frequen-
3.2.9 injection velocity, n—the average velocity of the melt
cies
as it passes through the cross-sectional area of a cavity of a
IEC 250 Recommended Methods for the Determination of
single- or multi-cavity mold at the position that forms the
the Permittivity and Dielectric Dissipation Factor of
critical portion of the test specimen.
Electrical Insulation Materials at Power, Audio, and Radio
3.2.10 melt temperature, n—the temperature of the material
Frequencies Including Metre Wavelengths
as it is being injected into the mold, measured by a pyrometer.
IEC 296 Specification for Unused Mineral Insulating Oils
for Transformers and Switchgear
3.2.11 mold open time, n—the time beginning when the
IEC 60695–11–10 Fire Hazard Testing-Part 11–10: Test mold is opened and ending when the mold is closed.
Flames-50 W Horizontal and Vertical Test Methods
3.2.12 mold temperature, n—the temperature of the mold
2.4 SAE Standards:
during the molding cycle, measured in all mold cavities and on
SAE J1545 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for
both platens.
Exterior Finishes, Textiles and Color Trim
3.2.13 polypropylene (PP)—a propylene plastic prepared by
SAE J1767 Instrumental Color Difference Measurement for
the polymerization of propylene or propylene with other alpha
Colorfastness of Automotive Interior Trim Materials
olefins (see also PP-H, PP-R, and PP-B).
SAE J1976 Outdoor Weathering of Exterior Materials
3.2.14 polypropylene heterophasic copolymers (PP-B)—a
SAE J2412 Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior
propylene plastic consisting of two or more separate phases.
Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Xenon-
These include PP+EPR, PP+EPDM, PP+IIR, PP+BR, and so
Arc Apparatus
forth.
SAE J2527 Performance Based Standard for Accelerated
Exposure of Automotive Exterior Materials Using a Con- 3.2.14.1 Discussion—The phases consist of a polypropylene
trolled Irradiance Xenon-Arc Apparatus homopolymer (PP-H) or a polypropylene random copolymer
(PP-R) matrix containing a dispersed olefinic elastomer having
3. Terminology
no other functional group, added in situ or physically blended
into the polypropylene matrix.
3.1 Definitions—Definitions of terms and abbreviations ap-
plying to this specification appear in Terminologies D883 and
3.2.15 polypropylene homopolymer (PP-H)—a propylene
D1600 and Guide D7209. plastic prepared by the polymerization of propylene only.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.16 polypropylene random copolymer (PP-R)—a propyl-
3.2.1 back pressure, n—the constant pressure that is applied
ene plastic containing another olefinic monomer (or mono-
to the end of the screw while the screw is rotating and
mers) having no functional group other than the olefinic group
retracting to prepare for the next injection.
copolymerized with propylene.
3.2.16.1 Discussion—Polypropylene random copolymers
3.2.2 brittle failure, n—one where the specimen test area is
containing more than one additional monomer are often called
broken into two or more pieces, with sharp edges, and shows
terpolymers.
almost no plastic flow.
3.2.3 cooling time, n—the time during which the material is
4. Classification
in the closed mold with no pressure applied.
4.1 Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified into
3.2.4 cycle time, n—the time required to complete a full
gro
...