ASTM D2116-16(2021)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2116 −16 (Reapproved 2021)
Standard Specification for
FEP Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2116; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D638Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D792Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Rela-
1.1 This specification covers melt processable molding and
tive Density) of Plastics by Displacement
extrusion materials of FEP resin. This specification does not
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
cover recycled FEP materials. These FEP resins are copoly-
D1238Test Method for Melt Flow Rates of Thermoplastics
mers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or modi-
by Extrusion Plastometer
fiedFEPresinscontainingnomorethan2%byweightofother
D1600TerminologyforAbbreviatedTermsRelatingtoPlas-
fluoromonomers.
tics
1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/
D1708TestMethodforTensilePropertiesofPlasticsbyUse
ASTMSI-10 are to be regarded as the standard. The values
of Microtensile Specimens
given in parentheses are for information only.
D3892Practice for Packaging/Packing of Plastics
D4591Test Method for Determining Temperatures and
NOTE 1—Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 and
ISO12086-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are
Heats of Transitions of Fluoropolymers by Differential
technically equivalent.
Scanning Calorimetry
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This Determine the Precision of a Test Method
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
IEEE/ASTMSI-10Use of the International System of Units
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user (SI): The Modern Metric System
of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and 3
2.2 ISO Standards:
environmental practices and determine the applicability of
ISO 12086-1 Plastics—Fluoropolymer Dispersions and
regulatory limitations prior to use.
Moulding and Extrusion Materials—Part 1
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
ISO 12086-2 Plastics—Fluoropolymer Dispersions and
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
Moulding and Extrusion Materials—Part 2
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
3. Terminology
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
3.1 Definitions:
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
3.1.1 General—The definitions given in Terminology D883
2. Referenced Documents are applicable to this specification.
3.1.2 lot, n—one production run or a uniform blend of two
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or more production runs.
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
3.2 Abbreviated Terms:
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
3.2.1 General—The abbreviated terms given in Terminol-
ogy D1600 are applicable to this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on
4. Classification
Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.15 on Thermoplastic
Materials.
4.1 This specification covers four types of FEP resin sup-
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2021.PublishedJuly2021.Originallyapproved
plied in pellet form classified according to their melt flow rate.
in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D2116–16. DOI: 10.1520/
D2116-16R21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
the ASTM website. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2116 − 16 (2021)
4.2 A one-line system shall be used to specify materials the procedures specified herein. Table 2 lists those tests
covered by this specification.The system uses predefined cells requiring a specimen molded as described in Section 8.
to refer to specific aspects of this specification, illustrated as
7. Sampling
follows:
Specification 7.1 Sampling shall be statistically adequate to satisfy re-
quirements of 13.1.1.
Standard Number : Type : Special
Block : : notes
:: :
8. Test Specimens
–––––––––––– ––– ,––––
Example: Specification D2116 – XX, I
8.1 Prepare a molded sheet 1.5 6 0.3 mm (0.060 6 0.010
in.) thick. Use a picture-frame-type chase having a suitable
For this example, the line callout would be Specification
blanked-outsectionandthicknesstoproducethedesiredsheet.
D2116–XX, I and would specify an FEP resin that has all of
Use clean aluminum foil, 0.13 to 0.18 mm (0.005 to 0.007 in.)
the properties listed for that type, grade, and class in the
thick, in contact with the resin. A high-temperature mold
appropriate specified properties or tables, or both, in the
release agent shall be sprayed on the aluminum foil to help
specification identified. A comma is used as the separator
prevent the foil from sticking to the sheet. Use steel molding
between the standard number and the type. A provision for
plates at least 1.0 mm (0.040 in.) thick and of an area adequate
special notes is included so that other information can be
to cover the chase.
provided when required. When special notes are used, precede
8.2 Lay down and smoothly cover one plate with a sheet of
them with a comma.
aluminum foil. Place the mold chase on top of this assembly.
Place within the mold chase sufficient molding material to
5. General Requirements
produce the required sheet in such a manner that the polymer
5.1 The materials shall be of uniform composition and so
charge is a mound in the middle of the chase. Place a second
prepared as to conform to the requirements of this specifica-
sheet of aluminum foil on top of the granules and add the top
tion.
moldplate.Placetheassemblyinacompressionmoldingpress
5.2 The material described in this specification shall be free
having platens that have been heated to 372 6 5°C (702 6
of foreign matter to such a contamination level as is agreed
9°F).
upon between the purchaser and the seller.
8.3 Bring the platens to incipient contact with the mold
assembly. Hold for 2 to 4 min without pressure. Apply
TABLE 1 Detail Requirements for Test on Molding Materials
approximately1MPa(145psi)andholdfor1to1.5min.Then
apply 2 to 4 MPa (290 to 580 psi) and hold for 1 to 1.5 min.
Type Type Type Type
I II III IV
Maintain the press at 372 6 5°C (702 6 9°F) during these
Melt flow rate, g/10 min:
steps. Remove the assembly from the press and place between
Load, 5000 g:
two 20 6 7-mm (0.75 6 0.25-in.) steel plates whose tempera-
Min 4.0 >12.0 0.8 2.0
ture is less than 40°C (104°F).
Max 12.0 . 2.0 3.9
8.4 When the sheet is cool enough to touch (about 50 to
60°C(122to140°F)),removealuminumfoilfromthesheet.(If
thesheetisallowedtocooltoroomtemperature,thealuminum
6. Detail Requirements
foil cannot be pulled free.)
6.1 The average test result of the lot shall conform to the
requirements prescribed in Table 1 and Table 2 when tested by
9. Conditioning
9.1 For tests of specific gravity and tensile properties,
condition the molded test specimens in accordance with
See the ASTM Form and Style Manual, available from ASTM Headquarters.
TABLE 2 Detail Requirements for Molded Test Specimens
Type I Type II Type III Type IV
Specific gravity 23/23°C (73/73°F)
Min 2.12 2.12 2.12 2.12
Max 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17
Melting point, °C 260 ± 20 260 ± 20 260 ± 20 260 ± 20
Tensile strength, 23°C (73°F), min:
MPa 17.3 14.5 20.7 18.7
psi 2500 2100 3000 2700
Elongation, 23°C (73°F), min, % 275 240 275 275
Dielectric constant, max:
At 10 Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15
At 10 Hz 2.15 2.15 2.15 2.15
Dissipation factor, max:
At 10 Hz 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003 0.0003
At 10 Hz 0.0007 0.0009 0.0007 0.0007
D2116 − 16 (2021)
ProcedureAof Practice D618 for a period of at least 4 h prior corresponding to the point where these lines intersect beyond
to test. The other tests require no conditioning. the peak shall be taken as the peak temperature.
11.4 Tensile Properties—Cut five bars with the microtensile
9.2 ConducttestsattheStandardLaboratoryTemperatureof
23 6 2°C (73.4 6 3.6°F) for determination of specific gravity dieshowninFig.1,whichisexactlythesameasFig.1ofTest
MethodD1708.Thedieshallbeofthesteelruleorsolidmetal
and tensile properties only. Since this resin does not absorb
water, the maintenance of constant humidity during testing is type of curvature of 5 6 0.5 mm (0.2 6 0.02 in.).Average the
testresults.Determinethetensilepropertiesinaccordancewith
not necessary. Conduct tests for melt flow rate and melting
point under ordin
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