ASTM F1698-21

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: F1698 − 02 (Reapproved 2015) F1698 − 21
Standard Practice for
Installation of Poly(Vinyl Chloride)(PVC) Profile Strip Liner
and Cementitious Grout for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-
Entry Sewers and Conduits
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F1698; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Sections 2.1 and 5.1 were editorially corrected in May 2017.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for the rehabilitation of sewer lines and conduits by the installation of a field-fabricated
PVC liner. After installation of the liner, cementitious grout is injected into the annular space between the liner and the existing
sewer or conduit. The rehabilitation of the host structure by this installation practice results in a rigid composite structure
(PVC/grout/existing pipe). This rehabilitation process may be used in a variety of gravity applications, such as sanitary sewers,
storm sewers and process piping of man-entry sizes (36 to 144 in. in vertical dimension). The profile strips used for field fabrication
of PVC liners are supplied in coils for spiral winding of the liner or in custom-cut flat panels for circumferential lining of all or
any portion of the circumference of the host conduit (see Figs. 1 and 2).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Particular attention is drawn to those safety regulations and requirements
involving entering into and working in confined spaces.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C942 Test Method for Compressive Strength of Grouts for Preplaced-Aggregate Concrete in the Laboratory
C969D790 Practice for Infiltration and Exfiltration Acceptance Testing of Installed Precast Concrete Pipe Sewer LinesTest
Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1600 Terminology for Abbreviated Terms Relating to Plastics
F412 Terminology Relating to Plastic Piping Systems
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F17 on Plastic Piping Systems and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F17.67 on Trenchless Plastic
Pipeline Technology.
Current edition approved March 1, 2015July 1, 2021. Published April 2015August 2021. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20082015 as
ɛ1
F1698–02 (2008).(2015) . DOI: 10.1520/F1698-02R15E01.10.1520/F1698-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
F1698 − 21
FIG. 1 Example of Profile PVC Strip
F1735 Specification for Poly (Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Profile Strip for PVC Liners for Rehabilitation of Existing Man-Entry
Sewers and Conduits
2.2 NASSCO Standard:
Specification Guidelines for Sewer Collection System Maintenance and Rehabilitation
3. Terminology
3.1 General—Definitions are in accordance with Terminologies D883 and F412. Abbreviations are in accordance with
Terminology D1600, unless otherwise indicated.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 extruded PVC joiner strip—a companion product to the profile former strip of such configuration as to provide the locking
mechanism at the edges of the former strips; the joiner strip contains within it a coextruded flexible PVC seal which forms a
compression seal when mated with the edges of the former strips.
3.2.2 extruded PVC profile former strip—a product, available in various sizes, consisting of a smooth inner surface and a ribbed
outer surface (profile) with edge configurations to allow mechanical locking of adjacent strips.
3.2.3 production run—a continuous extrusion of a given profile type.
3.2.4 PVC liner—a product field fabricated from extruded PVC profile strip into a shape substantially conforming to the shape of
the existing pipe or conduit, for example, circular, oval, ovoid, and so forth (see Fig. 1).
4. Significance and Use
4.1 This practice is for use by designers and specifiers, regulatory agencies, owners, and inspection organizations involved in the
rehabilitation of non-pressure sewers and conduits. As for any practice, modifications may be required for specific job conditions.
5. Materials
5.1 The extruded PVC profile strip (former and joiner) used for the field fabrication of PVC liner should be made as specified in
Specification F1735.
Available from, NASSCO, Inc., 2470 Longstone Lane, Suite M, Marriottsville, MD 21104, http://www.nassco.org.
F1698 − 21
FIG. 2 Typical Installations with Panels
5.2 The profile strip should be coiled in a continuous length as long as practical, or cut in custom length panels for storage and
shipping to the job site. Handling and storage should be in accordance with the manufacturer’s published recommendations.
5.3 The adhesive/sealant, used should be compatible with the PVC compound and the liner process, so as not to effect the
properties of the finished liner. (A polyurethane-base product is suggested.)
F1698 − 21
6. Installation Recommendations
6.1 Cleaning and Inspection:
6.1.1 Prior to entering access areas such as manholes, and performing inspection or cleaning operations, an evaluation of the
atmosphere to determine the presence of toxic or flammable vapors or lack of oxygen shall be undertaken in accordance with local,
state, or federal safety and confined space entry regulations.
6.1.2 Cleaning of Pipeline—Internal debris should be removed from the existing pipeline. Gravity pipes should be cleaned with
hydraulically powered equipment, high-velocity jet cleaners, or a combination of these methods and manually directed
high-pressure (2500-psi(2500 psi minimum) water blasting to ensure that the exposed pipe wall is free of contamination of foreign
materials and corrosion products and the surface is hard, competent original pipe material.
6.1.3 Inspection of Pipeline—Inspection of pipeline should be performed by experienced personnel trained in locating breaks,
obstacles, and service connections, either by direct visual observation or by closed-circuit television. The interior of the pipeline
should be carefully inspected to determine the location of any conditions that may prevent or adversely impact proper installation
of the profile liner, such as protruding service taps, collapsed or crushed pipe, significant line sags, and deflected joints. These
conditions should be noted, and as appropriate, corrected prior to installation.
6.1.4 Line Obstructions—The existing pipeline should be clear of obstructions that will prevent the proper placement of the PVC
liner. If inspection reveals an obstruction that cannot be removed by conventional equipment, then a point repair excavation should
be made to uncover and remove or repair the obstruction.
6.2 Bypassing—The profiled PVC liner process does not always require a dry pipeline and may be installed with some flow in the
existing pipe or lateral connections, or both. If necessary, the bypass should be made by plugging the line at a point upstream of
the pipe to be rehabilitated and pumping the flow to a downstream point or adjacent system. The pump and bypass lines should
be of adequate capacity and size to handle any extreme flows expected during the installation period.
6.2.1 Under certain conditions, part or all of the installation may be carried out with some flow in the existing pipeline or service
connections, or both.
6.3 PVC Liner Installation:
6.3.1 Liner Installation (Panels)—If the job requires the profiled PVC strips be provided in the form of panels or if the job entails
the lining of only a portion of the circumference, the panels should be cut and trimmed to fit as near as practical to the internal
circumference of the structure to be lined or to produce the required annulus (space between the liner and the pipe wall). The panels
should be placed square with the pipe wall, that is, circumferentially (see Fig. 2). The adjacent panel edges should be locked
together using the manufacturer-supplied joiner strip by means recommended by the manufacturer. End joints or supports should
be made with a manufacturer-supplied connector section or support (for example, “J” strips) and sealed with a bead of an approved
sealant/adhesive. If necessary, the panels may be shimmed off the wall to avoid discontinuities on the surface or to ensure a
minimum annulus required by the specified design. These shims should be of such a configuration as to not significantly impede
the flow of grout into the annulus.
6.3.2 Liner Installation (Coils)—If the job requires the profiled PVC be provided in the form of coils, the coil should be placed
over the open access manhole and the strip pulled down into the pipe through the manhole from the center of the coil. The liner
should be spirally wound with the ribbed profile of the strip as near as practical to the wall of the existing structure, or as specified
by the owner. If necessary, the strip may be shimmed off the wall to avoid discontinuities of the wall surface or to maintain the
specified annulus. Such shims should be of a configuration that they will not significantly impede the flow of grout into the annulus.
The adjacent profile strip edges should be locked together using the manufacturer-supplied joiner strip by means approved by the
material supplier. Additional coils of PVC strip may be introduced by joining the ends of the strip by means of a
manufacturer-supplied PVC splicing profile (for example, “H” connector section). The splice should be sealed on both sides of the
splice with an approved sealant/adhesive.
6.4 Grouting—Once the PVC liner is in place, the ends of the pipe at the manhole are sealed by dry packing with rapid-setting
mortar. Through this mortar and around the liner are placed a series of tubes which act as grout injection tubes or breather tubes,
or both. Alternatively, or in addition, grout holes may be drilled in the PVC lining at appropriate points and flowable grout injected
into them until satisfactory fill is obtained. Grout holes in the liner should be sealed with PVC plugs which, in turn, should be
F1698 − 21
sealed by a bead of approved sealant/adhesive (a polyurethane-base product is suggested). Grouting should proceed in lifts or
stages; generally the rise of the first lift is limited by the allowable floating of the liner off the pipe invert and avoiding contact
of the liner with the crown of the existing pipe, while the succeeding lifts are limited in vertical rise by liner wall deflection. There
should be no leakage of the grout at the joints/seams of the liner. Due to the presence of the
...