ASTM C1536-19

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Designation: C1536 − 18 C1536 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Measuring the Yield for Aerosol Foam Sealants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1536; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the quantity of linear units of a foam sealant at a specified bead diameter that may be obtained
from each container of an aerosol product. A minimum of four (4) representative containers of the aerosol product are required
for this determination.
1.2 The test method is intended to estimate the contents of the aerosol container (1) for purposes of label statements, and (2)
to provide the user information needed to estimate job requirements.
1.3 Foam sealants are used for a variety of end-use applications but are primarily intended to reduce air movement in the
building envelope.
1.4 Currently, two main foam sealant types are applicable to this standard: single component polyurethane and latex.
1.5 Values are reported in SI units only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C717 Terminology of Building Seals and Sealants
C1620 Specification for Aerosol Polyurethane and Aerosol Latex Foam Sealants
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 empty aerosol container (of foam sealant)—An aerosol container that has reached the point at which the foam sealant can
be no longer dispensed at a minimum rate of 1.0 g or 2.0 linear cm continuous foam bead within two continuous seconds.
3.1.2 symbols—letter symbols are used to represent physical measurements and are defined in Table 1 and Table 2.
3.1.3 yield—the yield for an aerosol foam sealant product is the quantity of linear unit (meter) at a specified nominal diameter
of cured foam bead that may be obtained from a full container. It is determined by following this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Unless otherwise stated, Standard Condition shall be used.
4.2 Procedure A—Suitable for aerosol foam sealant that can be measured by water displacement (intended only for polyurethane
foams).
4.2.1 The middle of the aerosol container’s contents is used for dispensing bead specimens at specified bead size.
4.2.2 The dispensed foam volume is determined by submerging the foam bead specimens in water and measuring the buoyancy.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C24 on Building Seals and Sealants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C24.61 on Aerosol
Foam Sealants.
Current edition approved Sept. 15, 2018May 1, 2019. Published November 2018June 2019. Originally approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 20102018 as
C1536C1536 – 18.–10. DOI: 10.1520/C1536-18.10.1520/C1536-19.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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C1536 − 19
TABLE 1 Data Acquisition and Calculation Form for Foam Yield Measurement Procedure A
Sample Description Symbol
Container Avg. initial weight (g) A = (A + A )/2
1 2
Avg. weight after discharge (g) B = (B + B )/2
1 2
Avg. max discharged weight (g) A − B
Specimen Preparation Temperature (°C) . . .
Relative humidity (%) . . .
Container’s starting weight (g) E = (E + E )/2
1 2
Both containers’ starting weight (g) E = E + E
1 2
Container’s finishing weight (g) F = (F + F )/2
1 2
Both containers’ finishing weight (g) F = F + F
1 2
Amount of discharged product for 10 beads (g) E − F
Total amount of discharged product for 10 beads (g) E − F
10 10
P P
Results Total volume of 10 cured bead specimens determined by water
n n
H5 5
o o
displacement (mL) ρ 1.0g/cc
n51 n51
water
H A2B
Linear yield (meter) per container at 2.0 cm bead diameter s d
Y5
100 πsE 2 Fd
Linear yield (meter) per container based on cured bead diameter, D, other
H sA2Bd
Y5
than 2.0 cm. 2
25 πD E2F
s d
TABLE 2 Data Acquisition and Calculation Form for Foam Yield Measurement Procedure B
Sample Description Symbol
Container Avg. initial weight (g) A = (A + A )/2
1 2
Avg. weight after discharge (g) B = (B + B )/2
1 2
Avg. max discharged weight (g) A − B
Specimen Preparation Temperature (°C) . . .
Relative humidity (%) . . .
Container’s starting weight (g) E = (E + E )/2
1 2
Both containers’ starting weight (g) E = E + E
1 2
Container’s finishing weight (g) F = (F + F )/2
1 2
Both containers’ finishing weight (g) F = F + F
1 2
Amount of discharged product for 10 beads (g) E − F
Total amount of discharged product for 10 beads (g) E − F
Total volume of 10 cured bead-specimens determined by adding up
H
2 3
volume of each bead measured and calculated by π · r · L (cm )
H A2B
Results Total dischargeable volume foam per can (cm ) s d
V5
sE2Fd
H A2B
Linear yield (meter) per container at 2.0 cm diameter s d
Y5
100 π sE2Fd
Linear yield (meter) per container at cured bead diameter, D, other than
H A2B
s d
Y5
2.0 cm.
25 π D sE2Fd
4.2.3 The yield is calculated from the measured foam specimen’s volume.
4.3 Procedure B—Suitable only for foam sealants that cannot be measured by water displacement (Intended(intended only for
latex foams).
4.3.1 The middle of the container’s contents is used for dispensing bead specimens at specified bead size.
4.3.2 The volume of the foam bead is directly measured from the dried or cured foam bead specimens. Yield is calculated from
these measurements.
NOTE 1—Procedure A uses tap water (see 11.10) to which 4.2 g of Dioctyl Sodium Sulfosuccinate (70 % solids) and 1.2 g of SAG 10 defoamer per
4 liters may be added as wetting agent/defoamer blend. This avoids false readings if air bubbles become a problem. The water is maintained at 23 6 2°C
during the submersion part of the test. It is permissible for a single batch of water to be used up to 48 h.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The yield measurement of aerosol foam sealants is used to indicate the amount of foam sealant that can be obtained from
a single container of product.
5.2 The yield does not predict the performance capability of the foam sealant product or its suitability for the intended
application.
5.3 Procedure A was developed for use with products that can be volumetrically measured by submersion in water. Procedure
B was developed for product that cannot be measured by using a water displacement method.
C1536 − 19
5.4 Yield is often dependent on the bead size dispensed. Extrapolation of test results using data measured for larger size beads
to estimate smaller sized beads has shown inaccuracies. Since yield will be reported based on the diameter of the cured bead (not
initial size of wet beads), the operator shall determine the nominal initial bead size required to produce a specific nominal cured
bead diameter. This foam characteristic, called “post dispensing contraction” or “post dispensing expansion,” is defined in
Terminology C717.
6. Apparatus
6.1 A container to hold water. Large enough to submerse foam samples.
6.2 A wire grating or mesh attached to a thin, stiff rod, designed to keep foam samples submerged (see Fig. A1.2).
6.3 Top Loading Balance, readable to 0.01 g.
6.4 PTFE Release Agent, or equivalent (such as non-silicone weak release coating).
6.5 Fiberglass, awning screen material or equivalent.
6.6 Polyolefin Film, available from various local supply companies. Use only smooth film with 2 mil or greater thickness (matte
or textured finishes are not suitable).
6.7 Corrugated Cardboard 200 Pound Weight Substrate, available in various sizes.
6.8 Uncoated smooth brown wrapping paper.
6.9 Precision Ruler, readable to the nearest 0.1 cm.
6.10 Vernier Caliper, readable to the nearest 0.1 mm.
7. Test Specimens and Substrates
7.1 All foam bead specimens shall be dispensed and cured at conditions of 23 6 2°C and 50 6 5 % relative humidity.
7.2 Polyurethane foam sealant complying with Specification C1620 (measured using Procedure A) shall be dispensed directly
on to polyolefin film covered rigid cardboard or suspended mesh or fiberglass screen mounted on a frame of convenient size,
minimum 30 by 20 cm area for each sample set.
7.3 If in Procedure A, a fiberglass screen is used as the specimen substrate, it shall be lightly coated with a PTFE release coating
equivalent (see 6.4). The coating shall be lightly brushed or sprayed-applied and allowed to air dry for at least 1 min before the
foam sealant is applied. If polyolefin film or mesh is used, do not use the PTFE spray.
7.4 Foam sealants complying with Specification C1620 that cannot be measured by water displacement, such as Latex
(measured using Procedure B), shall be dispensed directly on to brown paper or corrugated
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