ASTM C1837-22

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Designation: C1837 − 17 C1837 − 22
Standard Specification for
Production of Dry Cast Concrete Used for Manufacturing
Pipe, Box, and Precast Structures
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1837; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers the production of dry cast concrete as defined in 3.2.1. Requirements for quality of concrete shall
be either as hereinafter specified or as specified by the owner. In any case where the requirements of the owner differ from those
in this specification, the owner’s specification shall govern. as hereinafter specified. This specification does not cover the
placement, consolidation, curing, or protection of the concrete.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.3 As used throughout this specification the manufacturer produces precast concrete products. The owner buys precast concrete
products
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C31/C31M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Field
C33/C33M Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C39/C39M Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical Concrete Specimens
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C497 Test Methods for Concrete Pipe, Concrete Box Sections, Manhole Sections, or Tile
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.05 on Special Projects.
Current edition approved March 1, 2017March 15, 2022. Published March 2017March 2022. Originally approved in 2017. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as
C1837 - 17. DOI: 10.1520/C1837–1710.1520/C1837–22
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related Products
C989/C989M Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1064/C1064M Test Method for Temperature of Freshly Mixed Hydraulic-Cement Concrete
C1157/C1157M Performance Specification for Hydraulic Cement
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C1602/C1602M Specification for Mixing Water Used in the Production of Hydraulic Cement Concrete
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—The terms used in this specification are defined in Terminology standards C125 and C822.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 dry cast—very low slump or zero-slump concrete that requires continuous and intense vibration, or mechanical means, or
a combination of vibration and mechanical means to consolidate the concrete, enabling immediate removal of the forms from the
product.
4. Materials
4.1 The aggregates shall be sized, graded, proportioned, and mixed with such proportions of cementitious material, water, and
admixtures, if any, to produce a thoroughly mixed concrete of such quality that the finished precast product will conform conforms
to the test and design requirements of the relevant product standard specification.
4.2 Cementitious Materials:
4.2.1 Cement—Cement shall conform to the requirements for portland cement of Specification C150/C150M, or shall be Portland
blast-furnace slag cement, portland-limestone cement, or portland-pozzolan cement conforming to the requirements of
Specification C595/C595M, except that the pozzolan constituent in the Type IP portland-pozzolan cement shall be fly ash.
4.2.2 Slag Cement—Slag cement shall conform to the requirements of Grade 100 or 120 of Specification C989/C989M.
4.2.3 Fly Ash—Fly ash shall conform to the requirements of Specification C618, Class F or Class C.
4.2.4 Allowable Combinations of Cementitious Materials—The combination of cementitious materials used in the concrete shall
be one of the following:
4.2.4.1 Portland cement only,
4.2.4.2 Portland blast-furnace slag cement only,
4.2.4.3 Portland pozzolan cement only,
4.2.4.4 Portland-limestone cement only,
4.2.4.5 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and slag cement,
4.2.4.6 A combination of portland cement or portland-limestone cement and fly ash, or
4.2.4.7 A combination of portland cement, or portland-limestone cement, slag cement, and fly ash.
4.3 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the requirements of Specification C33/C33M except that the requirement for
gradation shall not apply.
4.4 Admixtures and Blends—The following admixtures and blends are allowable:
4.4.1 Air-entraining admixture conforming to Specification C260/C260M.
4.4.2 Chemical admixture conforming to Specification C494/C494M.
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4.4.3 Chemical admixture or blend approved by the owner.
4.5 Water-Water used in the production of concrete shall be potable or non-potable water that meets the requirements of
Specification C1602/C1602M.
5. Weigh Batching and Mixing
5.1 Measuring Materials:
5.1.1 Cementitious materials shall be measured by weight. For cement measured in an individual or a cumulative weigh batcher,
the quantity of cement shall be within 61 % of the required weight. Supplementing cementitious materials measured in individual
or cumulative weight batchers shall be within 65 lb, or 1 % of the required weight, whichever is greater.
5.1.2 Aggregate shall be measured by weight. The total batch weight of material shall include the required weight of dry materials
plus the total weight of moisture (both absorbed and surface) contained in the aggregate. For aggregates measured in individual
or cumulative weigh batchers, the quantity of each aggregate shall be within 62 % of the required weight.
5.1.3 Mixing water shall consist of water added to the batch, ice added to the batch, water occurring as surface moisture on the
aggregates, and water introduced in the form of admixtures. The added water shall be measured by weight or volume to an accuracy
of 3 % of the required total mixing water. Added ice shall be measured by weight. Total water (including any wash water) shall
be measured or weighed to an accuracy of 63 % of the specified total amount.
5.1.4 Chemical admixtures in powdered form shall be measured by weight. Liquid chemical admixtures shall be batched by weight
or volume. Admixtures measured by either weight or volume, shall be batched with an accuracy of 63 % of the total amount
required or plus or minus the amount or dosage required for 100 lb of hydraulic cement, whichever is greater.
5.2 Batching Plant:
5.2.1 Bins with adequate separate compartments shall be provided in the batching plant for each fine and coarse aggregate. Means
of control shall be provided so that, as the quantity desired in the weighing hopper is approached, the material shall be shut off
within the tolerances in 5.1.2. Weighing hoppers shall be constructed so as to eliminate accumulations of batched materials and
to discharge fully.
5.2.2 Indicating devices shall be in full view and near enough to be read accurately by the operator while charging the hopper.
The operator shall have convenient access to all controls.
5.2.3 Scales shall be considered accurate if their accuracy is verified through the normally used capacity in accordance with
operating range of the scale Table 1and the load indicated relative to applied test load is within 60.15 % of the total used capacity
of the scale or 0.4 % of the net applied load, whichever is greater. The minimum quantity and sequence scale accuracy shall be
verified through a series of applied test loads used to verify material scales shall conform towith no single test load exceeding one
fourth of the scale’s operating capacity. The test load may consist of field standard weights or substitution loads, however,
minimum field standard weight used must be 10 % of the scales maximum operating capacity. When using substitution weight
material, the amount of substitution material used for each test Table 1 and its notes.load step in the series cannot exceed the
amount of standard field weights being used during that load step.
5.2.3.1 If the configuration and set up of the scale system prevents access or application of adequate field standard weights or if
an unsafe condition is created by the verification process then the use of the scale above the verified position shall be discontinued
until corrective measures have been completed.
5.2.3.2 Field standard weights used in verifying accuracy of weighing devices shall comply with requirements of National Institute
of Standards and Technology (NIST) Handbook 105-1.
5.2.3.3 The term “test load” shall mean the sum of the combination of field standard weights and any other applied load used in
the conduct of a test using substitution test methods.
5.2.3.4 In the substitution test procedure, material or objects are substituted for field standard weights, or a combination of field
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standard weights and previously quantified material or objects, using the scale under test as a comparator. Additional test weights
or other known test loads may be added to the known test load to verify the accuracy of higher weight ranges on the scale.
5.2.3.5 At least one load test shall be performed in each quarter of scale capacity.
5.2.4 All exposed fulcrums, clevises, and similar working parts of scales shall be kept clean.
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