ASTM C1898-20

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: C1898 − 20
Standard Test Methods for
Determining the Chemical Resistance of Concrete Products
to Acid Attack
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1898; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 These test methods are intended to evaluate the chemi-
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
cal resistance of cement paste, mortar and concrete materials.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
This method is loosely based on Test Methods C267, however
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
the solution is more rigorously defined and flexural strength is
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used. These test methods provide for the determination of
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
changes in the following properties of the test specimens and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
test medium after exposure of the specimens to the medium:
1.1.1 Mass of specimen,
2. Referenced Documents
1.1.2 Appearance of specimen,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.3 Appearance of test medium, and
1.1.4 Strength of specimens. C14 Specification for Nonreinforced Concrete Sewer, Storm
Drain, and Culvert Pipe
1.2 Guide C1894 provides a standard guide for Microbially
C78/C78M Test Method for Flexural Strength of Concrete
Induced Corrosion of Concrete (MICC) products. This stan-
(Using Simple Beam with Third-Point Loading)
dard is used for assessing the chemical resistance of cementi-
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
tious products to acid attack caused by MICC; however as
gregates
described in the guideline document for MICC products the
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test
current document only applies for Stage III of corrosion. This
Specimens in the Laboratory
document is not intended to be a guideline document for the
C267 Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars,
complete evaluation of MICC or for assessing the efficacy of
Grouts,andMonolithicSurfacingsandPolymerConcretes
antimicrobial additives used to reduce MICC.
C822 Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
1.3 This standard supplements Test Methods C267 to im-
Products
prove the consistency of reported results for acids generated by
C904 Terminology Relating to Chemical-Resistant Nonme-
MICC or other sources.
tallic Materials
C1768/C1768M Practice forAccelerated Curing of Concrete
1.4 This standard does not cover tests in which acidification
Cylinders
is achieved by bacterial activity. Testing protocols for bacterial
C1894 GuideforMicrobiallyInducedCorrosionofConcrete
activity are described in Guide C1894.
Products
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to alternative units (typically inch-pound units)
3. Terminology
that are provided for information only and are not considered
3.1 Definitions:
standard.
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Terminology standards C125 and C822.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Significance and Use
4.1 As described in Guide C1894, the MICC is considered
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
to be a three-stage process with the reduction in pH (Stage I)
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.03 on
(for example, 12.5 > pH > 9-10), the establishment of biofilms
Determining the Effects of Biogenic SulfuricAcid on Concrete Pipe and Structures.
which further lowers the pH (Stage II) (for example, 9-10 > pH
Current edition approved May 1, 2020. Published May 2020. DOI: 10.1520/
D1898-20. >4-6)andeventualdeteriorationduetobiogenicacidexposure
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1898 − 20
(Stage III) (for example, < ~4 pH). This document provides 7. Test Specimens
standard test methods to assess the effects of acid in Stage 3 for
7.1 The number of specimens required is dependent upon
concrete.
the number of test media to be employed, the number of
4.2 As described in Guide C1894, acid immersion testing different temperatures at which testing is performed, and the
should be used with great caution in specifying concrete as this frequency of test intervals. The test specimens shall consist of
is a final stage of deterioration and the concrete may not be sets of a minimum of three prisms for one medium at a single
exposed to the conditions of this test. temperature and for each test interval. In addition, one set of at
least three specimens shall be available for test immediately
4.3 The results obtained by these test methods should serve
following the conditioning period, and other sets of at least
as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a
three, equivalent to the number of test temperatures, for the
chemical-resistant material for a particular application. No
total test period. Calculate the total number of specimens
attempt has been made to incorporate into this test method all
required as follows:
the various factors that may affect the performance of a
material when subjected to actual service. 7.2 Make all specimens for a single determination from a
single mix.
5. Apparatus
7.3 The specimens will be prisms (with dimensions 50 by
5.1 Equipment, capable of weighing materials or specimens 50 by 200 mm (63 mm)).
to 60.3 % accuracy.
8. Preparation of Specimens
5.2 Equipment for Mixing, consisting of a container of
suitable size, preferably made of corrosion-resistant metal, or a 8.1 Specimen Preparation—Specimens shall be made in
porcelain pan, and a strong, sturdy spatula or trowel. accordance with Practice C192/C192M.
5.3 Specimen Molds: Equipment—Molds to manufacture
9. Conditioning
concrete prisms with dimensions 50 by 50 by 200 mm (63
9.1 Cure the specimens in the mold in a moist cabinet
mm) for acid immersion testing.
maintained at a temperature of 23 6 2°C, (73 6 4°F) and a
NOTE 1—The material from which the mold is constructed must be
relative humidity of not less than 98 % or under wet mats, for
chemically inert and have antistick properties. Polyethylene,
28 days, with the specimens being removed from the molds at
polypropylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, and metal forms having either a
sintered coating of tetrafluoroethylene or a suitable release agent compat- the age of 24 h.
ible with the material being tested are satisfactory.
10. Test Conditions
5.4 Massing Equipment, of adequate capacity, suitable for
accurate weighing to 0.001 g.
10.1 The testing temperature shall be 23 6 2°C (73 6 4°F)
(Note 3).
5.5 Micrometer, suitable for accurate measurement to 0.03
mm (0.001 in.).
NOTE 3—The testing temperature can be modified to better simulate
anticipated service life conditions however this must be noted and
5.6 Containers:
reported.
5.6.1 Wide-Mouth Glass Jars, of sufficient capacity, fitted
10.2 Test medium as described in Section 6.
with plastic or plastic-lined metal screw caps for lowtempera-
10.2.1 A solution-to-sample volume ratio of 4.2:1 shall be
ture tests involving media of low volatility.
used.
5.6.2 Erlenmeyer Flasks, of sufficient capacity, each fitted
10.2.2 The samples were elevated from the bottom of the
with standard-taper joints and a reflux condenser attachment
containers to prevent uneven exposure.
for use with volatile media.
10.2.3 The pH of the solution shall be measured every 7
5.6.3 Containers, as described in 5.6.1 and 5.6.2 having an
days and replaced with newly prepared solution.
inert coating on their inner surfaces, or containers of a suitable
10.2.4 The solutions are not agitated or stirred during each
inert material for use with media which attack glass.
7 day immersion cycle.
5.7 Testing Machine—May be of any type of sufficient
capacity which will meets the requirements of Test Method
11. Procedure
C78/C78M.
11.1 Measurement of Specimens:
5.8 Equipment—A benchtop pH meter with an accuracy of
11.1.1 Immediately following the conditioning peri
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