ASTM D4843-88(2004)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
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Designation: D 4843 – 88 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Wetting and Drying Test of Solid Wastes
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4843; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining 4.1 Disposable Molds, 44 mm inside diameter by 74 mm in
material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of length.
solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of 4.2 Balance or Scale, with a capacity at least 50 % greater
the disintegration of solid specimens. than the mass of the specimen and beaker, and a sensitivity of
1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the 0.01 g.
procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically represen- 4.3 Drying Oven, a thermostatically controlled drying oven
tative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6 2°C; to be used
inhomogeneity of specimens. for drying moisture specimen and for the solids content
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the determination.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.4 Oven, capable of maintaining a temperature of 60 6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3°C; at a nitrogen purge rate specified in 4.5.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- 4.5 Flow Controller, to set nitrogen purge flow at a rate that
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. will give 30 6 5 min residence time.
4.6 Moisture Chamber, a suitably covered container capable
2. Referenced Documents
of maintaining a temperature of 20 6 3°C and minimum 95 %
2.1 ASTM Standards:
relative humidity, for preconditioning specimens.
C 305 Practice for Mechanical Mixing of Hydraulic Cement 4.7 Beakers, 400-mL size (narrow type), to store sample and
Pastes and Mortars of Plastic Consistency
to collect particulates.
D 2216 Test Method for Laboratory Determination of Water 4.8 Tongs, to handle samples.
(Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock
5. Sample Preparation
3. Significance and Use
5.1 Specimen Size—44 mm diameter by 74 mm in length.
3.1 This test method is intended for the evaluation of the 5.1.1 Specimens may be cut to size from larger samples.
wetting and drying resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/
5.1.2 Specimens can also be molded in disposable plastic
stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test molds. When molding specimens refer to Practice C 305 (see
method.
2.1).
3.2 This test method may be used for the comparison of
NOTE 1—Practice C 305 refers to pastes and mortars. Molding materi-
wetting and drying resistance of wastes.
als with different consistency may require modifications and may result in
3.3 Data tabulated in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 may be
different precision.
used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of
5.2 Condition samples that are not molded for this test in the
specimens and/or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of
moisture chamber for a period of seven days.
different wastes, as well as to measure method-related mass
5.2.1 Samples molded for this test have to be cured in the
losses such as matrix dissolution.
moisture chamber for a period of 28 days.
6. Procedure
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
6.1 Select one specimen for moisture content determination.
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.01.06 on
6.2 Determine moisture content of sample with Test Method
Analytical Methods.
Current edition approved July 29, 1988. Published September 1988.
D 2216 but revised to use a temperature of 60 6 3°C (see
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
section 2.2).
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
6.3 Select three specimens for testing and three for control
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and mark them respectively.
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D 4843 – 88 (2004)
6.4 Weigh specimens (accuracy to 0.01 g). 6.8 Remove the specimens from the vacuum oven and the
6.5 Place each specimen into a beaker of known tare mass moisture chamber. Allow 1 h for the sample to cool to room
(accuracy to 0.01 g) and cover it.
temperature. Add 230 mL distilled water to the beaker to fully
6.5.1 Use watch glass or plastic wrap.
cover the specimens.
6.5.2 The tare mass of beaker shall be determined after
6.8.1 Add laboratory temperature water 20 6 3°C.
drying in accordance with Test Method D 2216.
6.9 Place a watch glass or plastic wrap on the beakers and
6.6 Place the three beakers containing the testing specimens
store the water covered specimens at 20 6 3°C for 23 h; then
in an oven. Maintain the temperature at 60 6 3°C for 24 h
transfer them to new beakers prepared according to 6.5.
while purging the oven with nitrogen gas at the controlled flow
6.9.1 Use tongs to transfer specimens. Excessive tong pres-
rate corresponding to 30 6 5 min residence time.
sure may result in premature failure or damage specimen.
6.6.1 In order to remove moisture from the nitrogen stream,
6.10 Remove any loosely attached particulates by spraying
a water-cooled condenser and condensate collection flask
...