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ASTM D6593-08

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field service oils were then used in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure.
This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL (detailed information about this category is included in Specification D 4485). This test method is also incorporated in automobile manufacturers' factory-fill specifications.
The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.
FIG. 1 Schematic of Engine Fuel System
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test, and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus (General Description)6 Apparatus (The Test Engine)7 Sequence VG Test Engine7.1 Required New Engine Parts7.2 Reusable Engine Parts7.3 Specially Fabricated Engine Parts7.4 Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment7.5 Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation7.6 Solvents and Cleaners Required7.7 Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations7.8 Assembling the Test Engine-Installations7.9 Engine Installation on the Test Stand7.10 Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems)8 Intake Air8.1 Fuel and Fuel System8.2 Engine Oil and Engine Oil System8.3 Coolants8.4 Measurement Instrumentation9 Temperatures9.1 Pressures9.2 Flow Rates9.3 Fuel Consumption9.4 Speed and Load9.5 Exhaust Gas9.6 Humidity9.7 Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment10 Test Stand Calibration11 Test Procedure12 Pre-Test Procedure12.1 Engine Operating Procedure12.2 Periodic Measurements and Functions12.3 Special Maintenance Procedures12.4 Diagnostic Data Review12.5 End of Test Procedure12.6 Interpretation of Test Results13 Parts Rating Area-Environment13.1 Sludge Ratings13.2 Varnish Ratings13.3 Clogging13.4 Sticking13.5 Used Oil Analyses13.6 Assessment of Test Validity14 General14.1 Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation14.2 Blowby Flow Rate14.3 Manifold Absolute Pressure14.4 Fuel Consumption Rate14.5 Oil Consumption14.6 Engine Parts Replacement14.7 Quality Index and Deviation Percentage14.8 Final Test Report15 Report Forms15.1 Precision and Bias17 Keywords18 ANNEXES  Safety HazardsAnnex A1 Control and Data Acquisition RequirementsAnnex A2 Detailed Specifications and Photographs of ApparatusAnnex A3 Special Service Tools for the Test EngineAnnex A4 Test Engine Part Number ListingAnnex A5 External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning TechniqueAnnex A6 Sequence VG Report Forms and Data DictionaryAnnex A7 Dipstick CalibrationAnnex A8 Critical Part Supplier ListAnnex A9 Operational Data Log-Engine OilAnnex A10 Rating WorksheetsAnnex A11 Fuel Injector Flow MeasurementsAnnex A12 APPE...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Oct-2008
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6593-07a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Replaced By
ASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D6984-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008
Referred By
ASTM D8279-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
Effective Date
15-Oct-2008

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ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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REDLINE ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsREDLINE ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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REDLINE ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
English language
72 pages
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REDLINE ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsREDLINE ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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REDLINE ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
English language
72 pages
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6593 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as
Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
2
the SequenceVG test, and it has been correlated with vehicles
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8
used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with
Intake Air 8.1
3
regard to sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
Coolants 8.4
SL performance category.
Measurement Instrumentation 9
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Temperatures 9.1
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
Pressures 9.2
Flow Rates 9.3
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Fuel Consumption 9.4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Speed and Load 9.5
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Exhaust Gas 9.6
Humidity 9.7
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard
Test Stand Calibration 11
statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, Test Procedure 12
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
Section
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
Scope 1
End of Test Procedure 12.6
Referenced Documents 2
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Terminology 3
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
Summary of Test Method 4
Sludge Ratings 13.2
Significance and Use 5
Varnish Ratings 13.3
Apparatus (General Description) 6
Clogging 13.4
Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7
Sticking 13.5
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
Assessment of Test Validity 14
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
General 14.1
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
Blowby Flow Rate 14.3
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5
Oil Consumption 14.6
Engine Parts Replacement 14.7
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Final Test Report 15
D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Report Forms 15.1
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2008. Published November 2008. Originally
Precision and Bias 16
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D6593–07a. DOI:
Keywords 17
10.1520/D6593-08. ANNEXES
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center Safety Hazards Annex A1
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,
Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4
Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates
Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5
revisions in all information Letters through No. 08–2.
3
External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A7
be obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6593 – 08
ing Oils and Determination of Selected Elements in Base
Dipstick Calibration Annex A8
Critical Part Supplier List Annex A9
Oils by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission
Operational Data Log-Engine Oil Annex A10
Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
Rating Worksheets Annex A11
D5862 Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in
F
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6593–07a Designation: D 6593 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversandiscommonlyreferredtoastheSequenceVGtest, andithasbeencorrelatedwithvehiclesused
3
instop-and-goservicepriorto1996,particularlywithregardtosludgeandvarnishformation. Itisoneofthetestmethodsrequired
to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and
Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus (General Description) 6
Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8
Intake Air 8.1
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
Coolants 8.4
Measurement Instrumentation 9
Temperatures 9.1
Pressures 9.2
Flow Rates 9.3
Fuel Consumption 9.4
Speed and Load 9.5
Exhaust Gas 9.6
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.01
on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007.Oct. 15, 2008. Published December 2007.November 2008. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007
as D 6593–07a.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all
information Letters through No. 06–2. 08–2.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02–1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6593–08
Humidity 9.7
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
Test Stand Calibration 11
Test Procedure 12
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
End of Test Procedure 12.6
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
Sludge Ratings 13.2
Varnish Ratings 13.3
Clogging 13.4
Sticking 13.5
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
Assessment of Test Validity 14
General 14.1
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2
Blowby Flow Rate 14.3
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5
Oil Consumption 14.6
Engine Parts Replacement 14.7
Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8
Final Test Report 15
Report Forms 15.1
Precision and Bias 16
Keywords 17
ANNEXES
Safety Hazards Annex A1
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3
Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4
Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5
External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6
Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A7
Dipstick Calibra
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
An American National Standard
Designation:D6593–07a Designation: D 6593 – 08
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversandiscommonlyreferredtoastheSequenceVGtest, andithasbeencorrelatedwithvehiclesused
3
instop-and-goservicepriorto1996,particularlywithregardtosludgeandvarnishformation. Itisoneofthetestmethodsrequired
to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and
Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus (General Description) 6
Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8
Intake Air 8.1
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
Coolants 8.4
Measurement Instrumentation 9
Temperatures 9.1
Pressures 9.2
Flow Rates 9.3
Fuel Consumption 9.4
Speed and Load 9.5
Exhaust Gas 9.6
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.01
on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2007.Oct. 15, 2008. Published December 2007.November 2008. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2007
as D 6593–07a.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all
information Letters through No. 06–2. 08–2.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR: D02–1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6593–08
Humidity 9.7
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
Test Stand Calibration 11
Test Procedure 12
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
End of Test Procedure 12.6
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
Sludge Ratings 13.2
Varnish Ratings 13.3
Clogging 13.4
Sticking 13.5
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
Assessment of Test Validity 14
General 14.1
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2
Blowby Flow Rate 14.3
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5
Oil Consumption 14.6
Engine Parts Replacement 14.7
Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8
Final Test Report 15
Report Forms 15.1
Precision and Bias 16
Keywords 17
ANNEXES
Safety Hazards Annex A1
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2
Detailed Specifications and Photographs of Apparatus Annex A3
Special Service Tools for the Test Engine Annex A4
Test Engine Part Number Listing Annex A5
External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning Technique Annex A6
Sequence VG Report Forms and Data Dictionary Annex A7
Dipstick Calibra
...

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SCOPE
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The low-temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, torque and tractor fluids, and industrial and automotive hydraulic oils (see Appendix X4) are of considerable importance to the proper operation of many mechanical devices. Measurement of the viscometric properties of these oils and fluids at low temperatures is often used to specify their acceptance for service. This test method is used in a number of specifications.  
5.2 Initially this test method was developed to determine whether an automatic transmission fluid (ATF) would meet OEM low temperature performance criterion originally defined using a particular model viscometer.6, 7 The viscosity range covered in the original ATF performance correlation studies was from less than 1000 mPa·s to more than 60 000 mPa·s. The success of the ATF correlation and the development of this test method has over time been applied to other fluids and lubricants such as gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and so forth.  
5.3 Procedures A, B, C, and D of this test method describe how to measure apparent viscosity directly without the errors associated with earlier techniques that extrapolated experimental viscometric data obtained at higher temperatures.
Note 1: Low temperature viscosity values obtained by either interpolation or extrapolation of oils may be subject to errors caused by gelation and other forms of non-Newtonian response to spindle speed and torque.  
5.4 Procedures A, B, C, and D; If viscosity measurements are difficult to stabilize or a noticeable decrease in viscosity is seen at a constant speed between an initial measurement made during the 5 s to 10 s after the spindle rotation commences and the stabilized measurement between 60 s and 180 s, then this most likely indicates time-dependent, structural breakdown in the fluid. Some formulated fluid types may form wax structures when soaked at or below a certain low temperature which varies among fluids. The rotating spindle ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of rotational viscometers with an appropriate torque range and specific spindle for the determination of the low-shear-rate viscosity of automatic transmission fluids, gear oils, hydraulic fluids, and some lubricants. This test method covers the viscosity range of 300 mPa·s to 900 000 mPa·s  
1.2 This test method was previously titled “Low-Temperature Viscosity of Lubricants Measured by Brookfield Viscometer.” In the lubricant industry, D2983 test results have often been referred to as “Brookfield2 Viscosity” which implies a viscosity determined by this method.  
1.3 This test method contains four procedures: Procedure A is used when only an air bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure B is used when a mechanically refrigerated programmable liquid bath is used to cool samples in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure C is used when a mechanically refrigerated constant temperature liquid bath is used to cool samples by means of a simulated air cell (SimAir)3 Cell in preparation for viscosity measurement. Procedure D automates the determination of low temperature, low-shear-rate viscosity by utilizing a thermoelectrically heated and cooled temperature-controlled sample chamber along with a programmable rotational viscometer.  
1.4 There are multiple precision studies for this test method.  
1.4.1 The viscosity data used for the precision studies for Procedures A, B, and C covered a range from 300 mPa·s to 170 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –12 °C, –26 °C, and –40 °C. Appendix X5 includes precision data for –55 °C test temperature and includes samples with viscosities greater 500 000 mPa·s.  
1.4.2 The viscosity data used for Procedure D precision study was from 6400 mPa·s to 256 000 mPa·s at test temperatures of –26 °C and –40 °C.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement ar...

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ASTM
ASTM D7038-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Moisture Corrosion Resistance of Automotive Gear Lubricants

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test simulates a type of severe field service in which corrosion-promoting moisture in the form of condensed water vapor accumulates in the axle assembly. This may happen as a result of volume expansion and contraction of the axle lubricant and the accompanied breathing in of moisture-laden air through the axle vent. The test screens lubricants for their ability to prevent the expected corrosion.  
5.2 The L-33-1 test procedure is used or referred to in the following documents: ASTM Publication STP-512A,6 SAE J308, SAE J2360, and U.S. Military Specification MIL-PRF-2105E.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test procedure for evaluating the rust and corrosion inhibiting properties of a gear lubricant while subjected to water contamination and elevated temperature in a bench-mounted hypoid differential housing assembly.2 This test method is commonly referred to as the L-33-1 test.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—(1) where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads and national pipe threads/diameters, and (2) the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard for the definitions in 12.2, and for SI units where there are no direct inch-pounds equivalent units.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6224-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for In-Service Monitoring of Lubricating Oil for Auxiliary Power Plant Equipment

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is intended to help users, particularly power plant operators, maintain effective control over their mineral lubricating oils and lubrication monitoring program. This practice may be used to perform oil changes based on oil condition and test results rather than on the basis of service time or calendar time. It is intended to save operating and maintenance expenses.  
4.2 This practice is also intended to help users monitor the condition of mineral lubricating oils and guard against excessive component wear, oil degradation, or contamination, thereby minimizing the potential of catastrophic machine problems that are more likely to occur in the absence of such an oil condition monitoring program.  
4.3 This practice does not necessarily reference all of the current oil testing technologies and is not meant to preclude the use of alternative instrumentation or test methods that provide meaningful or trendable test data, or both. Some oil testing devices and sensors (typically used for screening oils that will be tested according to standard methods) provide trendable indicators that correlate to water, particulates, and other contaminants but do not directly measure these.  
4.4 This practice is intended for mineral oil products, and not for synthetic type of products, with the exception of phosphate esters fluids typically used in power plant control systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral oil and phosphate ester fluid lubricating oils in service auxiliary (non-turbine) equipment used for power generation. Auxiliary equipment covered includes gears, hydraulic systems, diesel engines, pumps, compressors, and electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems. It includes sampling and testing schedules and recommended action steps, as well as information on how oils degrade.
Note 1: Other types of synthetic lubricants are sometimes used but are not addressed in this practice because they represent only a small fraction of the fluids in use. Users of these fluids should consult the manufacturer to determine recommended monitoring practices.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the monitoring of lubricating oil for steam and gas turbines. Rather, it is intended to complement Practice D4378.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5707-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280 °C. Other test loads (10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2412-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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