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ASTM D6593-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is used to evaluate an automotive engine oil's control of engine deposits under operating conditions deliberately selected to accelerate deposit formation. This test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in police, taxi fleets, and delivery van services. The same field service oils were then used in developing the operating conditions of this test procedure.
This test method, along with other test methods, defines the minimum performance level of the API Category SL. This test method is also incorporated in automobile manufacturers' factory-fill specifications.
The basic engine used in this test method is representative of many that are in modern automobiles. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, should be considered when interpreting test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as the Sequence VG test, and it has been correlated with vehicles used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with regard to sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or specified single source equipment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Section Scope1 Referenced Documents2 Terminology3 Summary of Test Method4 Significance and Use5 Apparatus (General Description)6 Apparatus (The Test Engine)7 Sequence VG Test Engine7.1 Required New Engine Parts7.2 Reusable Engine Parts7.3 Specially Fabricated Engine Parts7.4 Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment7.5 Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation7.6 Solvents and Cleaners Required7.7 Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations7.8 Assembling the Test Engine-Installations7.9 Engine Installation on the Test Stand7.10 Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems)8 Intake Air8.1 Fuel and Fuel System8.2 Engine Oil and Engine Oil System8.3 Coolants8.4 Measurement Instrumentation9 Temperatures9.1 Pressures9.2 Flow Rates9.3 Fuel Consumption9.4 Speed and Load9.5 Exhaust Gas9.6 Humidity9.7 Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment10 Test Stand Calibration11 Test Procedure12 Pre-Test Procedure12.1 Engine Operating Procedure12.2 Periodic Measurements and Functions12.3 Special Maintenance Procedures12.4 Diagnostic Data Review12.5 End of Test Procedure12.6 Interpretation of Test Results13 Parts Rating Area-Environment13.1 Sludge Ratings13.2 Varnish Ratings13.3 Clogging13.4 Sticking13.5 Used Oil Analyses13.6 Assessment of Test Validity14 General14.1 Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation14.2 Blowby Flow Rate14.3 Manifold Absolute Pressure14.4 Fuel Consumption Rate14.5 Oil Consumption14.6 Engine Parts Replacement14.7 Quality Index and Deviation Percentage14.8 Final Test Report15 Report Forms15.1 Precision and Bias17 Keywords18 ANNEXES  Safety HazardsAnnex A1 Control and Data Acquisition RequirementsAnnex A2 Detailed Specifications and Photographs of ApparatusAnnex A3 Special Service Tools for the Test EngineAnnex A4 Test Engine Part Number ListingAnnex A5 External Oil Heat Exchanger Cleaning TechniqueAnnex A6 Sequence VG Report Forms and Data DictionaryAnnex A7 Dipstick CalibrationAnnex A8 Critical Part Supplier ListAnnex A9 Operational Data Log-Engine OilAnnex A10 Rating WorksheetsAnne...

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Apr-2009
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.B0.01 - Passenger Car Engine Oils
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6593-08 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Replaced By
ASTM D6593-09a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
Effective Date
01-Oct-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8291-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Performance of Automotive Engine Oils in the Mitigation of Low-Speed, Preignition in the Sequence IX Gasoline Turbocharged Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7320-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIG, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6984-18e1 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIF, Spark-Ignition Engine
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D6681-23 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Engine Oils in a High Speed, Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine—Caterpillar 1P Test Procedure
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D4485-22e1 - Standard Specification for Performance of Active API Service Category Engine Oils
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009
Referred By
ASTM D8279-23 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Timing-Chain Wear in a Turbocharged, Direct-Injection, Spark-Ignition, Four-Cylinder Engine
Effective Date
15-Apr-2009

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ASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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ASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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REDLINE ASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty ConditionsREDLINE ASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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REDLINE ASTM D6593-09 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6593 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Section
Scope 1
1.1 This test method covers and is commonly referred to as
Referenced Documents 2
2
the SequenceVG test, and it has been correlated with vehicles
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
used in stop-and-go service prior to 1996, particularly with
Significance and Use 5
3
regard to sludge and varnish formation. It is one of the test
Apparatus (General Description) 6
methods required to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API
Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
SL performance category.
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
standard.
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
size, or specified single source equipment.
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the Intake Air 8.1
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
Coolants 8.4
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard Measurement Instrumentation 9
Temperatures 9.1
statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6,
Pressures 9.2
9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and Annex A1.
Flow Rates 9.3
1.4 A Table of Contents follows: Fuel Consumption 9.4
Speed and Load 9.5
Exhaust Gas 9.6
Humidity 9.7
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Test Stand Calibration 11
D02.B0.01 on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Test Procedure 12
Current edition approved April 15, 2009. Published October 2009. Originally
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 2008 as D6593–08. DOI:
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
10.1520/D6593-09. Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
2
Until the next revision of this test method, the ASTM Test Monitoring Center Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information
End of Test Procedure 12.6
letters may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave.,
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
revisions in all information Letters through No. 08–2.
3 Sludge Ratings 13.2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may
Varnish Ratings 13.3
be obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6593 – 09
D3237 Test Method for Lead in Gasoline by Atomic Ab-
Clogging 13.4
Sticking 13.5
sorption Spectroscopy
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
D3525 Test Method for Gasoline Diluent in Used Gasoline
Assessment of Test Validity 14
Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography
General 14.1
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Blowby Flow Rate 14.3
Petroleum Products
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5
Oil Consumption 14.6
Products, and Lubricants
Engine Parts Replacement 14.7
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8
Final Test Report 15 Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Report Forms 15.1
trometry
Precision and Bias 16
D4485 Specification for Performance of Engine Oils
Keywords 17
ANNEXES D4863
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D6593–08 Designation: D6593 – 09
Standard Test Method for
Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Inhibition of
Deposit Formation in a Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion
Engine Fueled with Gasoline and Operated Under Low-
1
Temperature, Light-Duty Conditions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6593; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
2
1.1 ThistestmethodcoversandiscommonlyreferredtoastheSequenceVGtest, andithasbeencorrelatedwithvehiclesused
3
instop-and-goservicepriorto1996,particularlywithregardtosludgeandvarnishformation. Itisoneofthetestmethodsrequired
to evaluate oils intended to satisfy the API SL performance category.
1.2The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.2.1 Exception—Where there is no direct SI equivalent such as screw threads, national pipe threads/diameters, tubing size, or
specified single source equipment.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in 7.7, 7.10.2.2, 8.3.4.2, 8.4.4.3, 9.2.6, 9.3.4.5, 12.1.1.7, 12.2.1.4, and
Annex A1.
1.4 A Table of Contents follows:
Section
Scope 1
Referenced Documents 2
Terminology 3
Summary of Test Method 4
Significance and Use 5
Apparatus (General Description) 6
Apparatus (The Test Engine) 7
Sequence VG Test Engine 7.1
Required New Engine Parts 7.2
Reusable Engine Parts 7.3
Specially Fabricated Engine Parts 7.4
Special Engine Measurement and Assembly Equipment 7.5
Miscellaneous Engine Components-Preparation 7.6
Solvents and Cleaners Required 7.7
Assembling the Test Engine-Preparations 7.8
Assembling the Test Engine-Installations 7.9
Engine Installation on the Test Stand 7.10
Engine Fluids (Supply/Discharge Systems) 8
Intake Air 8.1
Fuel and Fuel System 8.2
Engine Oil and Engine Oil System 8.3
Coolants 8.4
Measurement Instrumentation 9
Temperatures 9.1
Pressures 9.2
Flow Rates 9.3
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.B0.01
on Passenger Car Engine Oils.
Current edition approved Oct.April 15, 2008.2009. Published November 2008.October 2009. Originally approved in 2000. Last previous edition approved in 20072008
as D6593–07a.D6593–08. DOI: 10.1520/D6593-089.
2
Until the next revision of this test method, theASTM Test Monitoring Center will update changes in the test method by means of information letters. Information letters
may be obtained from the ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489. Attention: Administrator. This edition incorporates revisions in all
information Letters through No. 08–2.
3
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report D02-1472.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6593 – 09
Fuel Consumption 9.4
Speed and Load 9.5
Exhaust Gas 9.6
Humidity 9.7
Miscellaneous Laboratory Equipment 10
Test Stand Calibration 11
Test Procedure 12
Pre-Test Procedure 12.1
Engine Operating Procedure 12.2
Periodic Measurements and Functions 12.3
Special Maintenance Procedures 12.4
Diagnostic Data Review 12.5
End of Test Procedure 12.6
Interpretation of Test Results 13
Parts Rating Area-Environment 13.1
Sludge Ratings 13.2
Varnish Ratings 13.3
Clogging 13.4
Sticking 13.5
Used Oil Analyses 13.6
Assessment of Test Validity 14
General 14.1
Used Oil Analyses-Interpretation 14.2
Blowby Flow Rate 14.3
Manifold Absolute Pressure 14.4
Fuel Consumption Rate 14.5
Oil Consumption 14.6
Engine Parts Replacement 14.7
Quality Index and Deviation Percentage 14.8
Final Test Report 15
Report Forms 15.1
Precision and Bias 16
Keywords 17
ANNEXES
Safety Hazards Annex A1
Control and Data Acquisition Requirements Annex A2
D
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the requirements for the effective monitoring of mineral oil and phosphate ester fluid lubricating oils in service auxiliary (non-turbine) equipment used for power generation. Auxiliary equipment covered includes gears, hydraulic systems, diesel engines, pumps, compressors, and electrohydraulic control (EHC) systems. It includes sampling and testing schedules and recommended action steps, as well as information on how oils degrade.
Note 1: Other types of synthetic lubricants are sometimes used but are not addressed in this practice because they represent only a small fraction of the fluids in use. Users of these fluids should consult the manufacturer to determine recommended monitoring practices.  
1.2 This practice does not cover the monitoring of lubricating oil for steam and gas turbines. Rather, it is intended to complement Practice D4378.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5707-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measuring Friction and Wear Properties of Lubricating Grease Using a High-Frequency, Linear-Oscillation (SRV) Test Machine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining a lubricating grease's coefficient of friction and its ability to protect against wear when subjected to high-frequency, linear-oscillation motion using an SRV test machine at a test load of 200 N, frequency of 50 Hz, stroke amplitude of 1.00 mm, duration of 2 h, and temperature within the range of the test machine, specifically, ambient to 280 °C. Other test loads (10 N to 1200 N for SRVI-model, 10 N to 1400 N for SRVII-model, and 10 N to 2000 N for SRVIII-model), frequencies (5 Hz to 500 Hz) and stroke amplitudes (0.1 mm up to 4.0 mm) can be used, if specified. The precision of this test method is based on the stated parameters and test temperatures of 50 °C and 80 °C. Average wear scar dimensions on ball and coefficient of friction are determined and reported.
Note 1: Optimol Instruments supplies an upgrade kit to allow SRVI/II-machines to operate with 1600 N, if needed.  
1.2 This test method can also be used for determining a fluid lubricant's ability to protect against wear and its coefficient of friction under similar test conditions.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E2412-23a(Practice)
Standard Practice for Condition Monitoring of In-Service Lubricants by Trend Analysis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Periodic sampling and analysis of lubricants have long been used as a means to determine overall machinery health. Atomic emission (AE) and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy are often employed for wear metal analysis (for example, Test Method D5185). A number of physical property tests complement wear metal analysis and are used to provide information on lubricant condition (for example, Test Methods D445, D2896, and D6304). Molecular analysis of lubricants and hydraulic fluids by FT-IR spectroscopy produces direct information on molecular species of interest, including additives, fluid breakdown products and external contaminants, and thus complements wear metal and other analyses used in a condition monitoring program (1, 2-6).
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the use of FT-IR in monitoring additive depletion, contaminant buildup and base stock degradation in machinery lubricants, hydraulic fluids and other fluids used in normal machinery operation. Contaminants monitored include water, soot, ethylene glycol, fuels and incorrect oil. Oxidation, nitration and sulfonation of base stocks are monitored as evidence of degradation. The objective of this monitoring activity is to diagnose the operational condition of the machine based on fault conditions observed in the oil. Measurement and data interpretation parameters are presented to allow operators of different FT-IR spectrometers to compare results by employing the same techniques.  
1.2 This practice is based on trending and distribution response analysis from mid-infrared absorption measurements. While calibration to generate physical concentration units may be possible, it is unnecessary or impractical in many cases. Warning or alarm limits (the point where maintenance action on a machine being monitored is recommended or required) can be determined through statistical analysis, history of the same or similar equipment, round robin tests or other methods in conjunction with correlation to equipment performance. These warning or alarm limits can be a fixed maximum or minimum value for comparison to a single measurement or can also be based on a rate of change of the response measured (1) .2 This practice describes distributions but does not preclude using rate-of-change warnings and alarms.
Note 1: It is not the intent of this practice to establish or recommend normal, cautionary, warning or alert limits for any machinery. Such limits should be established in conjunction with advice and guidance from the machinery manufacturer and maintenance group.  
1.3 Spectra and distribution profiles presented herein are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as representing or establishing lubricant or machinery guidelines.  
1.4 This practice is designed as a fast, simple spectroscopic check for condition monitoring of in-service lubricants and can be used to assist in the determination of general machinery health through measurement of properties observable in the mid-infrared spectrum such as water, oil oxidation, and others as noted in 1.1. The infrared data generated by this practice is typically used in conjunction with other testing methods. For example, infrared spectroscopy cannot determine wear metal levels or any other type of elemental analysis. The practice as presented is not intended for the prediction of lubricant physical properties (for example, viscosity, total base number, total acid number, etc.). This practice is designed for monitoring in-service lubricants and can aid in the determination of general machinery health and is not designed for the analysis of lubricant composition, lubricant performance or additive package formulations.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of t...

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ASTM
ASTM D7216-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determining Automotive Engine Oil Compatibility with Typical Seal Elastomers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some engine oil formulations have been shown to lack compatibility with certain elastomers used for seals in automotive engines. These deleterious effects on the elastomer are greatest with new engine oils (that is, oils that have not been exposed to an engine’s operating environment) and when the exposure is at elevated temperatures.  
5.2 This test method requires that non-reference oil(s) be tested in parallel with a reference oil known to be aggressive for some parameters under service conditions. This relative  compatibility permits decisions on the anticipated or predicted performance of the non-reference oil in service.  
5.3 Elastomer materials can show significant variation in physical properties, not only from batch to batch but also within a sheet and from sheet to sheet. Results obtained with the reference oil are submitted by the test laboratories to the TMC to allow it to update continually the total and within-laboratory standard deviation estimates. These estimates, therefore, incorporate effects of variations in the properties of the reference elastomers on the test variability.  
5.4 This test method is suitable for specification compliance testing, quality control, referee testing, and research and development.  
5.5 The reference elastomers, reference oil, and the physical properties involved in this test method address the specific requirements of engine oils. Although other tests exist for compatibility of elastomers with liquids, these are considered too generalized for engine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
1.2 Effective sealing action requires that the physical properties of elastomers used for any seal have a high level of resistance to the liquid or oil in which they are immersed. When such a high level of resistance exists, the elastomer is said to be compatible with the liquid or oil.
Note 1: The user of this test method should be proficient in the use of Test Methods D412 (tensile properties), D471 (effect of rubber immersion in liquids), D2240 (Durometer hardness), and D5662 (gear oil compatibility with typical oil seal elastomers), all of which are involved in the execution of the operations of this test method.  
1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
Note 2: In such cases, the precision and bias statement in Section 12 does not apply. In addition to agreeing acceptable limits of precision, where relevant, the user and supplier should also agree:  (1) test temperatures and immersion times to be used; (2) the formulations and typical properties of the elastomers; and (3) the sourcing and quality control of the elastomer sheets.
Note 3: The TMC may also issue In...

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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7922-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Glycol for In-Service Engine Oils by Gas Chromatography

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Some glycol/antifreeze dilution of in-service engine oil is normal under typical operating conditions. However, excessive glycol dilution can lead to decreased performance, premature wear, or sudden engine failure. This test method provides a means of quantifying the level of glycol based antifreeze dilution, allowing the user to take necessary action.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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