ASTM F3028-24
(Guide)Standard Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
Standard Guide for Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide establishes a minimum standard for training of SAR personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.
4.1.1 Alpine Endorsed individuals are required to have, at a minimum, the knowledge, skills, and abilities pertaining to safe movement individually, or as a member of a team, in an alpine environment.
4.1.2 Every person who is identified as Alpine Endorsed shall meet the requirements of this guide.
4.1.3 Alpine Endorsed individuals shall be entitled to add the prefixes “Alpine Endorsed” and “Mountain Endorsed” to their current training levels.4
4.2 This guide only establishes the minimum knowledge, skills, and abilities required for a person to operate in an alpine environment as a part of a larger team. No other skills are included or implied.
4.3 An Alpine Endorsement indicates that a person is qualified to operate safely and effectively in the alpine environment in his or her normal area of operations.
4.3.1 An Alpine Endorsement alone does not indicate that an individual possesses adequate field skills and knowledge to make mission-critical decisions.
4.4 This guide is an outline of the topics required for training or evaluating an Alpine Endorsed individual, and may be used to assist in the development of a training document or program.
4.5 This guide can be used to evaluate a document to determine if its content includes the topics necessary for training individuals to operate in the alpine environment. Likewise, this guide can be used to evaluate an existing training program to see if it meets the requirements in this guide.
4.6 The knowledge, skills, and abilities presented in the following sections are not in any particular order and do not represent a training sequence.
4.7 This guide does not stand alone and must be used with other ASTM standards to identify the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed to conduct search and/or rescue in the alpine environment.
4.8 Though this guide establishes only mi...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in an alpine environment.
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively in mountainous terrain alone.
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established i...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: F3028 − 24
Standard Guide for
Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the
1
Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
rescue personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environ-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
ment.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those
individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of
2. Referenced Documents
the alpine environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
negative impact on human physiology.
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under
Rescue Resources
qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
effectively in an alpine environment.
F2752 Guide for Training for Basic Rope Rescuer Endorse-
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under
ment
qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
F3027 Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Moun-
effectively in mountainous terrain alone.
tainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indi-
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book
cate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or
(PTB)
abilities to perform any specific duties, including search and
F3222 Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Res-
rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.
cue Standards and Guides
3
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training 2.2 NWCG Publication:
requirements for performing operations in partially or fully PMS 304-2 Fitness and Work Capacity
collapsed structures, in or on water, in confined spaces, or
3. Terminology
underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.5 An Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a
3.1.1 exposure, n—the degree to which a person is exposed
Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task Force or
on a high, sheer, and unsheltered rock face.
Group, as defined in Classification F1993.
3.1.2 technical ice axe, n—as defined by the Union Interna-
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under
tionale des Associations d’Alpinisme (UIAA), a Type T ice
qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority
tool (the UIAA Technical type) with higher strength for use in
Having Jurisdiction (AHJ).
all circumstances, but especially for ice climbing, dry tooling,
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
etc., and which meets the requirements of UIAA 152 or CEN
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
EN 13089:2011.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.3 traditional, or trad, climbing, n—a style of rock
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
climbing in which the person ascending places all gear required
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1 2
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Training and Education. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2024. Published April 2024. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 2018 as F3028 – 18. DOI: Available from National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) at
10.1520/F3028-24. www.nwcg.gov/publications/304-2.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3028 − 24
to protect against falls (chocks, cams, pi
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: F3028 − 18 F3028 − 24
Standard Guide for
Training of Search and Rescue Personnel Operating in the
1
Alpine Environment (Alpine Endorsement)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F3028; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This guide establishes the minimum training, including general and field knowledge, skills, and abilities, for search and rescue
personnel who conduct operations in an alpine environment.
1.2 An Alpine Endorsement is intended only for those individuals capable of operating in the extreme conditions of the alpine
environment, at altitudes that are likely to have a negative impact on human physiology.
1.2.1 Specifically, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and
effectively in an alpine environment.
1.2.2 In addition, Alpine Endorsed individuals may, under qualified supervision, perform their normal duties safely and effectively
in mountainous terrain alone.
1.3 An Alpine Endorsement alone is not sufficient to indicate that an individual has the knowledge, skills, and/or abilities to
perform any specific duties, including search and rescue operations, other than those defined in this guide.
1.4 This guide alone does not provide the minimum training requirements for performing operations in partially or fully collapsed
structures, in- or on-water, in or on water, in confined spaces, or underground (such as in caves, mines, and tunnels).
1.5 An Alpine-endorsed Alpine Endorsed individual may be a member of a Mountainous or Alpine Land Search Team or Task
Force or Group, as defined in Classification F1993.
1.6 Alpine Endorsed SAR personnel must work under qualified supervision as deemed appropriate by the Authority Having
Jurisdiction (AHJ).
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F32 on Search and Rescue and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F32.03 on Personnel,
Training and Education.
Current edition approved April 1, 2018April 1, 2024. Published May 2018April 2024. Originally approved in 2013. Last previous edition approved in 20132018 as
F3028F3028 – 18.–13. DOI: 10.1520/F3028-18.10.1520/F3028-24.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
F3028 − 24
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
F1773 Terminology Relating to Climbing, Mountaineering, Search and Rescue Equipment and Practices (Withdrawn 2024)
F1993 Classification System of Human Land Search and Rescue Resources
F2209 Guide for Training of Land Search Team Member
F2752 Guide for Training for Basic Rope Rescuer Endorsement
F3027 Guide for Training of Personnel Operating in Mountainous Terrain (Mountain Endorsement)
F3068 Guide for Contents and Use of a Position Task Book (PTB)
F3222 Terminology Relating to F32 Land Search and Rescue Standards and Guides
3
2.2 Other References:NWCG Publication:
National Wildfire Coordinating Group (NWCG) publication PMS 304-2,PMS 304-2 “FitnessFitness and Work Capacity”Ca-
pacity
“Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills,” 8th ed., Ronald C. Eng and Julie Van Pelt, eds.
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.1.1 alpine ice axe, n—as defined by the UIAA (Union Internationale Des Associations D’Alpinisme), a Type B ice tool (the
UIAA Basic type) with lower strength, for use in general circumstances, as on glacier for snow hiking, for ski mountaineering, etc.,
and which meets the requirements of UIAA 152 or CE EN 13089:2011.
3.1.1 exposure, n—the degree to which a person is exposed on a high, sheer, and unshe
...
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