ASTM D5447-93e1

e1
Designation: D 5447 – 93
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Guide for
Application of a Ground-Water Flow Model to a Site-Specific
1
Problem
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5447; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—Paragraph 1.7 was added editorially October 1998.
1. Scope sent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of
a given professional service must be judged, nor should this
1.1 This guide covers the application and subsequent docu-
document be applied without consideration of a project’s many
mentation of a ground-water flow model to a particular site or
unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this
problem. In this context, “ground-water flow model” refers to
document means only that the document has been approved
the application of a mathematical model to the solution of a
through the ASTM consensus process.
site-specific ground-water flow problem.
1.2 This guide illustrates the major steps to take in devel-
2. Referenced Documents
oping a ground-water flow model that reproduces or simulates
2.1 ASTM Standards:
an aquifer system that has been studied in the field. This guide
D 653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained
does not identify particular computer codes, software, or
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Fluids
algorithms used in the modeling investigation.
E 978 Practice for Evaluating Environmental Fate Models
1.3 This guide is specifically written for saturated, isother-
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of Chemicals
mal, ground-water flow models. The concepts are applicable to
a wide range of models designed to simulate subsurface
3. Terminology
processes, such as variably saturated flow, flow in fractured
3.1 Definitions:
media, density-dependent flow, solute transport, and mul-
3.1.1 application verification—using the set of parameter
tiphase transport phenomena; however, the details of these
values and boundary conditions from a calibrated model to
other processes are not described in this guide.
approximate acceptably a second set of field data measured
1.4 This guide is not intended to be all inclusive. Each
under similar hydrologic conditions.
ground-water model is unique and may require additional
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Application verification is to be distin-
procedures in its development and application. All such addi-
guished from code verification, that refers to software testing,
tional analyses should be documented, however, in the model
comparison with analytical solutions, and comparison with
report.
other similar codes to demonstrate that the code represents its
1.5 This guide is one of a series of standards on ground-
mathematical foundation.
water model applications. Other standards have been prepared
3.1.2 boundary condition—a mathematical expression of a
on environmental modeling, such as Practice E 978.
state of the physical system that constrains the equations of the
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mathematical model.
safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 calibration (model application)—the process of refin-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ing the model representation of the hydrogeologic framework,
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
hydraulic properties, and boundary conditions to achieve a
bility of regulatory limitations prior to us
desired degree of correspondence between the model simula-
1.7 This guide offers an organized collection of information
tion and observations of the ground-water flow system.
or a series of options and does not recommend a specific
3.1.4 computer code (computer program)—the assembly of
course of action. This document cannot replace education or
numerical techniques, bookkeeping, and control language that
experience and should be used in conjunction with professional
represents the model from acceptance of input data and
judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all
instructions to delivery of output.
circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to repre-
3.1.5 conceptual model—an interpretation or working de-
scription of the characteristics and dynamics of the physical
system.
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and
Rock and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D18.21 on Ground Water and
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Vadose Zone Investigations. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.08.
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Current edition approved Aug. 15, 1993. Published October 1993. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.04.
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D 5447
3.1.6 ground water flow model—application of a math- 5.2 Grou
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