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ASTM D2093-03

(Practice)

Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding

Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding

SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions, or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM test methods or specifications for specific materials.
1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from the bonding surfaces.
1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric aciddichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 6.1.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Apr-2003
ICS
83.180 - Adhesives
Technical Committee
D14 - Adhesives
Drafting Committee
D14.40 - Adhesives for Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D2093-97 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Replaced By
ASTM D2093-03(2011) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
Effective Date
01-Jan-2011
Referred By
ASTM D3163-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Determining Strength of Adhesively Bonded Rigid Plastic Lap-Shear Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5868-01(2023) - Standard Test Method for Lap Shear Adhesion for Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) Bonding
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D2094-00(2023) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Bar and Rod Specimens for Adhesion Tests
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D6465-99(2016) - Standard Guide for Selecting Aerospace and General Purpose Adhesives and Sealants
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D5041-98(2019) - Standard Test Method for Fracture Strength in Cleavage of Adhesives in Bonded Joints
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3165-07(2023) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesives in Shear by Tension Loading of Single-Lap-Joint Laminated Assemblies
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003
Referred By
ASTM D3164-03(2017) - Standard Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesively Bonded Plastic Lap-Shear Sandwich Joints in Shear by Tension Loading
Effective Date
10-Apr-2003

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ASTM D2093-03 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive BondingASTM D2093-03 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
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ASTM D2093-03 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive Bonding
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D2093–03
Standard Practice for
Preparation of Surfaces of Plastics Prior to Adhesive
1
Bonding
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2093; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D905 Test Method for Strength Properties of Adhesive
Bonds in Shear by Compression Loading
1.1 This practice describes surface preparations for plastic
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
adherends, to be used prior to adhesive bonding of test
D950 Test Method for Impact Strength of Adhesive Bonds
specimens. It should be noted, however, that this practice
D952 Test Method for Bond or Cohesive Strength of Sheet
specifies only the pretreating conditions of the plastic and does
Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials
not cover the preparation of test specimens, testing conditions,
D1002 Test Method forApparent Shear Strength of Single-
or evaluation of tests. These are covered in the various ASTM
Lap-Joint Adhesively Bonded Metal Specimens by Ten-
test methods or specifications for specific materials.
sion Loading (Metal-to-Metal)
1.2 Physical Treatments (for example, sanding and solvent
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
wiping) are used in order to remove the glossy finish and all
D3807 Test Method for Strength Properties ofAdhesives in
traces of dirt, grease, mold release, or other contaminants from
Cleavage Peel by Tension Loading (Engineering Plastics-
the bonding surfaces.
to-Engineering Plastics)
1.3 Chemical Treatments (for example, sulfuric acid—
dichromate solution and sodium naphthalene complex) are
3. Terminology
used in some cases to alter chemically the surface layers of the
3.1 Definitions—Many terms are defined in Terminology
polymer itself to improve its adhesion characteristics.
D907.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
4. Significance and Use
only.
4.1 This practice is useful for reducing some of the surface
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
variability of plastics (due to differences in manufacturing
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
methods) that might otherwise cause excessive variation in the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
results of ASTM test methods designed to measure adhesion.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
The treatments specified are convenient for laboratory work.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
4.2 This practice is not necessarily designed to provide
tionary statements are given in 6.1.
optimum adhesion to the surfaces and the treatments specified
may not always be practical for industrial use.
2. Referenced Documents
2 4.3 This practice does not address all of the surface prepa-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
ration methods available; nor does this practice cite all of the
D897 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Adhesive
types or classes of plastics currently available.
Bonds
4.4 This practice is used as a starting point for evaluating
D903 Test Method for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhe-
surface preparation techniques for plastic adherends prior to
sive Bonds
adhesive bonding.
5. Apparatus
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D14 on Adhesives
5.1 Abrasive, Aluminum Oxide, 320 grit, free of waxes,
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D14.40 on Adhesives for Plastics.
lubricants, or other potential contaminants.
Current edition approved April 10, 2003. Published May 2003. Originally
5.2 Glass Dish, borosilicate, of appropriate dimensions, in
approved in 1962. Last previous edition approved in 1997 as D2093 – 97.
DOI:10.1520/D2093–03.
which to heat the sulfuric acid-dichromate solution.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
5.3 Hot Plate to provide a source for heating the acid.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.4 Cotton Cloths, lint-free, clean, white, or non-linting
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. paper wipers.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D2093–03
TABLE 1 Physical Treatments
Plastic Adherend (Group I) Cleaning Procedure
Cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose nitrate, methylstyrene, poly- Wipe with methanol, sand, wipe with a clean dry cloth, then repeat
carbonate, polystyrene, vinyl chloride, polyme
...

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This specification provides the means to measure and evaluate the performance of adhesives for structural or semistructural bonding of wood-to-wood in manufactured homes. Wood as used in this specification includes lumber, plywood, particleboard, gypsum board, and all materials having woodbased surfaces at the bondline. The adhesives can be classified according to resistance to deformation: Group A or structural, and Group B or semistructural. Also, the adhesives may be designated into three types, according to their recommended use based on their resistance to water and water vapor: Type 1 for interior and exterior use, Type 2 for weather-protected interior use, and Type 3 for interior use only. Different tests shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of adhesives: shear strength, gap-filling ability, total deformation resistance, moisture and temperature limitation during fabrication, high-temperature resistance, low-temperature resistance, moisture resistance, aging, oxidation resistance, and mold resistance.
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1.1.1 The performance of the adhesives is measured in the following tests:    
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ASTM D4680-98(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Creep and Time to Failure of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Creep data that are obtained over a relatively short period of time in this test method can provide a measure of an adhesive bond's ability to withstand static loading in shear over a relatively long period of time. Creep measurements are made over a range of expected service conditions, including level of stress, temperature, relative humidity, and duration of load. Creep rate, creep strain, and creep modulus are calculated at the various service conditions.  
4.2 Creep data can be used to (1) predict performance of an adhesive under long-term loading, (2) characterize an adhesive, (3) compare adhesives with each other and against specifications, and (4) design structural members fabricated with an adhesive.  
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4.5 This test method is a research tool intended for development or evaluation of new adhesives and new product designs. The researcher may select from suggested tests those that are appropriate. However, creep and time-to-failure tests are nonroutine and can be time-consuming and expensive, so tests must be selected with care.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of time-dependent properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when specimens are subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for direct measurement of time-dependent shear deformation (creep) and time to failure of adhesive bonds under static load. Guidelines for selecting test conditions, methods for calculating creep rate, creep strain, creep modulus, and extrapolation of time to failure, are given along with methods of presenting these data.  
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Note 2: The method given here using the MSA is based on Practice G21, adapted to be used with adhesives. Requirements for the use of the MSA are described in 10.2, and a mixed species of fungi is prescribed in 8.2 for the inoculum.  
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4.1 Tension tests provide reasonably accurate information with regard to the tensile strength of adhesives. Tensile strength data may be suitable for specification acceptance, service evaluation, manufacturing control, research, and development. Tension tests are not considered significant for applications differing from the test in rate, direction, and type of loading.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative tensile strength of adhesives by the use of bar- and rod-shaped butt-joined specimens under defined conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. This test method is applicable to the testing of adhesives with various adherend materials in either similar or dissimilar combinations.  
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Standard Test Method for Resistance to Creep of Adhesives in Static Shear by Compression Loading (Wood-to-Wood)

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5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.  
5.2 Test results from the evaluation of adhesive creep resistance, under designated environmental conditions of the test, provide a measure of the adhesive’s ability to withstand constant loading over a relatively long period of time.  
5.3 Creep measured with this test method is normally used in conjunction with specifications such as, but not limited to Specification D2559 and CSA O112.9 to confirm suitability of an adhesive to resist creep under designed loads when subjected to specific levels of stress, load duration and environmental conditions.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when a standardized specimen is subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for shear deformation (creep) of adhesive bonds under static load. This test method is used under the indicated conditions to evaluate resistance to creep properties of a structural wood adhesive.  
1.2 The test method is used to evaluate creep performance of adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction, marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength general construction, creep-resistant, durable adhesive bond is required. Individual block shear specimens are prepared from adhesively bonded laminations, subjected to a constant load under various combinations of temperature and relative humidity, and the amount of creep measured.  
1.3 Creep of structural wood adhesives as measured by this test method may not be comparative to other ASTM methods and is limited to the conditions of the test and procedures contained herein.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
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5.1 This test method provides reasonably accurate information with regard to the determination of the securing or locking effect of adhesives used in threaded fasteners. This test method may also be used to determine the degree of cure and the effect of environment on torque strength.  
5.2 The accuracy of the test results depends to a large degree on the thread clearance of the test fasteners and the inclusion of air bubbles in the bond line. Data generated by this test method should be safety-factored accordingly if used as quality assurance acceptance or rejection.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to make comparative assessments of the securing or locking effect of adhesives used in threaded assemblies.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3929-03(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Evaluating Stress Cracking of Plastics by Adhesives Using the Bent-Beam Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is designed for obtaining a qualitative estimate of the compatibility of plastics and adhesives. Due to the many process variables associated with the fabrication of plastic parts, it is not possible to use this test as a substitute for compatibility tests on actual parts.  
5.2 The detection of cracks or crazes may be determined with or without optical aid. Make comparisons only among tests employing crack detection methods of equivalent sensitivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determining the compatibility of adhesives with plastics based on whether the adhesive causes cracking of stressed samples.  
1.2 Specimen configurations and test fixture designs are given.  
1.3 This test method is suitable for products in the form of sheet or strip. It can also be used on injection molded tensile specimens or flexural bars.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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ASTM D907-15(2023)(Terminology)
Standard Terminology of Adhesives

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions used in the science and technology of the adhesives industry. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 Any changes in this standard since 1988 are documented as follows:  
1.2.1 Appendix X1 gives a history of revisions made since 1988. Table X1.1 lists the terms that are affected as: (1) Terms Added, (2) Terms Revised, and (3) Terms Deleted.
1.2.1.1 In Table X1.1, the year of publication in Volume 15.06 is shown in parentheses following the term.  
1.2.2 In the text of the standard, the year of publication is shown following each definition. Also, the following codes are included after the year of publication to describe the type change that was made: (A) Addition, (R) Revision, or (E) Edited.  
1.2.3 Deletions are shown in Appendix X1, suitably footnoted. The deleted terms do not appear in the text of the standard.  
1.2.4 Any special circumstances not covered by 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 are documented in Table X1.1, suitably footnoted.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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