ASTM D4439-04

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Designation:D4439–04
Standard Terminology for
1
Geosynthetics
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4439; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
absorption, n—theprocessbywhichaliquidisdrawnintoand clogging potential, n—in geotextiles, the tendency for a given
tends to fill permeable pores in a porous solid body, also, the geotextile to decrease permeability due to soil particles that
increase in mass of a porous solid body resulting from haveeitherlodgedinthegeotextileopeningsorhavebuiltup
penetration of a liquid into its permeable pores. C125 a restrictive layer on the surface of the geotextile. D5101
aerobic, n—a condition in which a measurable volume of air compressed thickness (t, (L), mm), n—thickness under a
is present in the incubation chamber or system. D1987 specified stress applied normal to the material. D4439
anaerobic, n—a condition in which no measurable volume of constant-rate-of-load tensile testing machine (CRL), n—a
air is present in the incubation chamber or system. D1987 testing machine in which the rate of increase of the load
apparent opening size (AOS), O , n—for a geotextile, a being applied to the specimen is uniform with time after the
95
property which indicates the approximate largest particle first 3 s. D4439
that would effectively pass through the geotextile. D4751 corresponding force, n—synonym for force at specified
atmosphere for testing geosynthetics, n—air maintained at a elongation. D4885
relative humidity between 50 to 70% and a temperature of coupon, n—a portion of a material or laboratory sample from
21 6 2°C (70° 6 4°F). D4439, D4751, D5494 which multiple specimens can be taken for testing. D5747
back flushing, n—a process by which liquid is forced in the creep, n—the time-dependent increase in accumulative strain
reverse direction to the flow direction. D1987 in a material resulting from an applied constant force.
basis weight—deprecated term (do not use in the sense of D5262
mass per unit area). D4439 critical height (ch), n—the maximum exposed height of a
bend, vt—in mechanics, to force an object from its natural or cone or pyramid that will not cause a puncture failure of a
manufactured shape into a curve or into increased curvature. geosynthetic at a specified hydrostatic pressure for a given
D4439 period of time. D5514
blinding, n—for geotextiles, the condition where soil particles cross-machine direction, n—the direction in the plane of the
block the surface openings of the fabric, thereby reducing fabric perpendicular to the direction of manufacture.
the hydraulic conductivity of the system. D4439 D4632
−3 3
biocide, n—a chemical used to kill bacteria and other micro- density (r, (ML ), kg/m ), n—mass per unit volume.
organisms. D1987 D4439
breaking force, (F), J, n—the force at failure. D4885 design load—the load at which the geosynthetic is required to
breaking load, n—the maximum force applied to a specimen operate in order to perform its intended function. D5262
in a tensile test carried to rupture. D4632 elastic limit, n—in mechanics, the stress intensity at which
−1 −2
breaking toughness, T, (FL ), Jm , n—for geotextiles, the stress and deformation of a material subjected to an increas-
actual work-to-break per unit surface area of material. ing force cease to be proportional; the limit of stress within
D4595, D4885 which a material will return to its original size and shape
chemical resistance, n—the ability to resist chemical attack. when the force is removed, and hence, not a permanent set.
D5322 D4885
clogging, n—for geotextiles, the condition where soil particles elongation at break, n—the elongation corresponding to the
move into and are retained in the openings of the fabric, breaking load, that is, the maximum load. D4632
thereby reducing the hydraulic conductivity. D4439 failure, n—an arbitrary point beyond which a material ceases
to be functionally capable of its intended use. D4885,
D5262
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of D35 on Geosynthetics and is the
failure, n—in testing geosynthetics,waterorairpressureinthe
direct responsibility of Subcommittee D35.93 on Editorial and Terminology.
test vessel at failure of the geosynthetic. D5514
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2004.PublishedJuly2004.Originallyapproved
flexible polypropylene, n—a material having a 2% secant
in 1984. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4439–02. DOI: 10.1520/
D4439-04. modulusoflessthan300MPa(40,000psi)asdeterminedby
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