ASTM E190-21

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Designation: E190 − 14 E190 − 21
Standard Test Method for
Guided Bend Test for Ductility of Welds
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E190; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers a guided bend test for the determination of soundness and ductility of welds in ferrous and nonferrous
products. Flaws, not shown by X rays, maycan appear in the surface of a specimen when it is subjected to progressive localized
overstressing. This guided bend test has been developed primarily for plates and is not intended to be substituted for other methods
of bend testing.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
2.2 AWS Standard:
AWS A3.0M/A3.0 Standard Welding Terms and Definitions; Including Terms for Adhesive Bonding, Brazing, Soldering,
Thermal Cutting, and Thermal Spraying
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms in this standard are defined in E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing. These terms include bend
test, ductility, guided bend, and testing machine.
3.2 Additional welding terms including defect, discontinuity, flaw, thermal cutting, weld root, weld face, and weldment are defined
in AWS A3.0M/A3.0:2010.A3.0M/A3.0.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.02 on Ductility and
Formability.
Current edition approved May 1, 2014July 1, 2021. Published September 2014August 2021. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20082014
as E190 – 92 (2008).E190 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0190-14.10.1520/E0190-21.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from American Welding Society (AWS), 8669 NW 36 Street, #130, Miami, FL 33166-6672, http://www.aws.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
E190 − 21
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The specimen is bent in a U-shaped die by means of a centrally applied force to the weldment in a flat specimen supported
at two positions equidistant from the line of force application. The specimen is forced into the die by a plunger having the shape
necessary to produce the desired contour. The convex surface of the bent specimen is examined for cracks or other open flaws.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The guided bend test as described in this test method is used to evaluate the quality of welds as a function of ductility as
evidenced by their ability to resist cracking during bending.
6. Apparatus
6.1 The guided bend test jig or fixture is shown in Fig. 1.
7. Sampling
7.1 Sample in accord with the requirements of relevant specifications and codes.
8. Test Specimens
8.1 The types of specimens generally used for guided bend testing are rectangular ones machined from plates and pipes. The
weld-face surface of the flat specimen contains the greater width of the weld material, while the opposite side is called the
weld-root surface.
All dimensions shown in inches.
Thickness of Specimen
A, in. (mm) B, in. (mm) C, in. (mm) D, in. (mm)
in. (mm)
3 1 3 3 3
⁄8 (9.5) 1 ⁄2 (38) ⁄4 (19) 2 ⁄8 (60) 1 ⁄16 (30)
1 1 1 3 3
⁄8 (3.2) 2 ⁄8 (54) 1 ⁄16 (27) 2 ⁄8 (60) 1 ⁄16 (30)
1 1
t 4t 2t 6t + ⁄8 ( + 3.2) 3t + ⁄16 ( + 1.6)
NOTE 1—Either hardened and greased shoulders or hardened rollers free to rotate shall be used.
NOTE 2—The shoulders or rollers shall have a minimum width of 2 in. (50.8 mm) for the placement of the specimen.
NOTE 3—The length of the specimen shall be such that the ends will not interfere with the seating of the specimen.
NOTE 4—The plunger shall be fitted with an appropriate base and provisions for attachment to the testing machine;machine and shall be designed to
minimize deflection and misalignment.
NOTE 5—The die member shall be fitted with an appropriate base designed to safeguard against deflection or misalignment and equipped with means
for keeping the shoulders or rollers over the midpoint and aligned with respect to the plunger.
NOTE 6—Appropriate test specimen thickness, bend radius, and dimensions A, B, C, and D should be selected based on material and the applicable
welding code.
FIG. 1 Guided Bend Test Jig
E190 − 21
8.1.1 Transverse Side Bend—The weld is transverse to the longitudinal axis of the specimen, which is bent so that either one of
the side surfaces becomes the convex surface of the bent specimen (Fig. 2 and Fig. 3).
8.1.2 Transverse Face Bend—The weld is
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