ASTM D445-01

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An American National Standard
Designation: D 445 – 01 British Standard 2000: Part 71:1990
Designation: 71/1/97
Standard Test Method for
Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids
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(the Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (ε) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This test method has been approved by the sponsoring committee and accepted by the Cooperating Societies in accordance with
established procedures.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method specifies a procedure for the determi-
nation of the kinematic viscosity, ν, of liquid petroleum
2. Referenced Documents
products, both transparent and opaque, by measuring the time
2.1 ASTM Standards:
for a volume of liquid to flow under gravity through a
D 446 Specifications and Operating Instructions for Glass
calibrated glass capillary viscometer.The dynamic viscosity, η,
2
Capillary Kinematic Viscometers
can be obtained by multiplying the kinematic viscosity, ν,by
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D 1193 Specification for Reagent Water
the density, ρ, of the liquid.
D 1217 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
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NOTE 1—For the measurement of the kinematic viscosity and viscosity
(Specific Gravity) of Liquids by Bingham Pycnometer
of bitumens, see also Test Methods D 2170 and D 2171.
D 1480 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Bingham Pyc-
1.2 The result obtained from this test method is dependent
2
nometer
upon the behavior of the sample and is intended for application
D 1481 Test Method for Density and Relative Density
to liquids for which primarily the shear stress and shear rates
(Specific Gravity) of Viscous Materials by Lipkin Bicap-
are proportional (Newtonian flow behavior). If, however, the
2
illary Pycnometer
viscosity varies significantly with the rate of shear, different
D 2170 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
results may be obtained from viscometers of different capillary
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(Bitumens)
diameters.The procedure and precision values for residual fuel
D 2171 Test Method for Viscosity of Asphalts by Vacuum
oils, which under some conditions exhibit non-Newtonian
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Capillary Viscometer
behavior, have been included.
D 6074 Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant
1.3 The range of kinematic viscosities covered by this test
2 5
Base Oils
method is from 0.2 to 300 000 mm /s (see Table A1.1) at all
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E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
temperatures (see 6.3 and 6.4). The precision has only been
E 77 Test Method for the Inspection and Verification of
determined for those materials, kinematic viscosity ranges and
6
Thermometers
temperaturesasshowninthefootnotestotheprecisionsection.
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2.2 ISO Standards:
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
ISO Guide 25—General Requirements for the Calibration
standard.
and Testing Laboratories
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ISO 3104 Petroleum Products—Transparent and Opaque
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
4
D02.07 on Flow Properties. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.03.
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Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2001. Published March 2001. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.03.
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published as D 445 – 37T. Last previous edition D 445 – 97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
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In the IP, this test method is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Available from American National Standards Institute, 11 W. 42nd St., 13th
Committee. Floor, New York, NY 10036.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D445–01
Liquids—Determination of Kinematic Viscosity and Cal- the equipment depends upon the appropriate viscosity of the
culation of Dynamic Viscosity liquid being used. In addition, the viscosity of many petroleum
ISO 3105 Glass Capillary Kinematic Viscometers— fuels is important for the estimation of optimum storage,
Specification and Operating Instructions handling, and operational conditions. Thus, the
...