ASTM C242-00a

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Designation: C 242 – 00a
Standard Terminology of
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Ceramic Whitewares and Related Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C 242; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope immersion procedure, to the weight of the dry specimen.
(2) the capacity of a substance to take up a substance,
1.1 This terminology pertains to the terminology used in
usually a liquid or gas, with the formation of an apparently
ceramic whitewares and related products.
homogeneous mixture.
1.2 Words adequately defined in standard dictionaries are
adsorption—the capacity of a substance to accept and retain
not included. Included are words that are peculiar to this
on its surface a layer of another substance, usually a gas or
industry. Double words, hyphenated words, or phrases are
a liquid.
listed alphabetically under the first word; additional important
agglomerate—a jumbled mass or collection of two or more
words are cross-referenced.
particles or aggregates, or a combination thereof, held
1.3 For definitions of terms relating to surface imperfec-
together by relatively weak cohesive forces caused by weak
tions on ceramics, refer to Terminology F 109.
chemical bonding or an electrostatic surface charge gener-
2. Referenced Documents
ated by handling or processing.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
DISCUSSION—Common usage in powder technology (and British
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D 1129 Terminology Relating to Water
Standard 2955) has the terms “aggregate” and “agglomerate” inter-
changed in meaning from the definitions presented here, and care must
E 180 Practice for Determining the Precision of ASTM
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be taken to determine in context which definition is in use.
Methods for Analysis and Testing of Industrial Chemicals
F 109 Terminology Relating to Surface Imperfections on
aggregate—a dense mass of particles held together by strong
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Ceramics
intermolecular or atomic cohesive forces that is stable to
F 465 Practice for Developing Precision and Accuracy Data
normal mixing techniques, including high-speed stirring and
on ASTM Methods for the Analysis of Meat and Meat
ultrasonics.
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Products
alumina porcelain—See alumina porcelain under porcelain.
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2.2 British Standard:
alumina whiteware—See alumina whiteware under ceramic
BS 2955 Glossary of Terms Relating to Powders
whiteware.
andalusite—a polymorph, along with sillimanite and kyanite,
3. Terminology
of composition Al O ·SiO which on firing dissociates to
2 3 2
absolute or true density—See absolute or true density under
yield principally mullite.
density.
apparent or pycnometric density—See apparent or pycnomet-
absorbance—the logarithm of that fraction of an incident light
ric density under density.
beam that is dissipated in the sample, being neither trans-
apparent porosity—See apparent porosity under porosity.
mitted nor reflected.
average particle size—a single value representing the entire
absorbed moisture—water held mechanically in the material
particle-size distribution.
and having physical properties not substantially different
DISCUSSION—It is essential to specify the basis under which the
from ordinary water at the same temperature and pressure.
average is obtained.
absorption—(1) the relationship of the weight of the water
ball clay—a secondary clay, commonly characterized by the
absorbed by a ceramic specimen, subjected to prescribed
presence of organic matter, high plasticity, high dry strength,
long vitrification range, and a light color when fired.
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This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C-21 on
ball milling—a method of grinding and mixing material, with
Ceramic Whitewares and Related Productsand is the direct responsibility of
or without liquid, in a rotating cylinder or conical mill
Subcommittee C21.01 on Nomenclature.
Current edition approved June 10, 2000. Published August 2000. Originally
partially filled with grinding media such as balls or pebbles.
published as C 242 – 50 T. Last previous edition C 242 – 99a.
basalt ware—a black unglazed vitreous ceramic ware having
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 11.01.
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the appearance of basalt rock.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.05.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02. Belleek china—a highly translucent whiteware composed of a
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.07.
body containing a significant amount of frit and normally
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Available from British Standards Institute, 2 Park St., London, England
having a luster glaze.
W1A 2B5.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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C 242
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