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ASTM E2040-03

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers

Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity of thermogravimetric apparatus at ambient conditions. Most thermogravimetry analysis experiments are carried out under temperature ramp conditions or at isothermal temperatures distant from ambient conditions. This test method does not address the temperature effects on mass calibration.
In most thermogravimetry experiments, the mass change is reported as weight percent in which the observed mass at any time during the course of the experiment is divided by the original mass of the test specimen. This method of reporting results assumes that the mass scale of the apparatus is linear with increasing mass. In such cases, it may be necessary only to confirm the performance of the instrument by comparison to a suitable reference.
When the actual mass of the test specimen is recorded, the use of a calibration factor to correct the calibration of the apparatus may be required, on rare occasions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the calibration or performance confirmation of the mass (or weight) scale of thermogravimetric analyzers and is applicable to commercial and custom-built apparatus.
1.2 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis and reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test method may be used.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
09-Sep-2003
ICS
71.040.50 - Physicochemical methods of analysis
Technical Committee
E37 - Thermal Measurements
Drafting Committee
E37.01 - Calorimetry and Mass Loss
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM E2040-99 - Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Replaced By
ASTM E2040-08 - Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
Effective Date
01-Sep-2008
Referred By
ASTM E1641-23 - Standard Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1868-10(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Loss-On-Drying by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM C1872-18e2 - Standard Test Method for Thermogravimetric Analysis of Hydraulic Cement
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2958-21 - Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1582-21 - Standard Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2402-19 - Standard Test Method for Mass Loss, Residue, and Temperature Measurement Validation of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2550-21 - Standard Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2403-23 - Standard Test Method for Sulfated Ash of Organic Materials by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E2008-17(2021) - Standard Test Methods for Volatility Rate by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003
Referred By
ASTM E1131-20 - Standard Test Method for Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry
Effective Date
10-Sep-2003

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ASTM E2040-03 - Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric AnalyzersASTM E2040-03 - Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
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ASTM E2040-03 - Standard Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E 2040 – 03
Standard Test Method for
1
Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 2040; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope weight) signal generated by the thermogravimetric analyzer
and that of the reference material.
1.1 This test method describes the calibration or perfor-
mance confirmation of the mass (or weight) scale of thermo-
5. Significance and Use
gravimetric analyzers and is applicable to commercial and
5.1 This test method calibrates or demonstrates conformity
custom-built apparatus.
of thermogravimetric apparatus at ambient conditions. Most
1.2 Electronic instrumentation or automated data analysis
thermogravimetry analysis experiments are carried out under
and reduction systems or treatments equivalent to this test
temperature ramp conditions or at isothermal temperatures
method may be used.
distant from ambient conditions. This test method does not
1.3 SI units are the standard.
address the temperature effects on mass calibration.
1.4 There is no ISO standard equivalent to this test method.
5.2 In most thermogravimetry experiments, the mass
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
change is reported as weight percent in which the observed
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
mass at any time during the course of the experiment is divided
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
by the original mass of the test specimen. This method of
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reporting results assumes that the mass scale of the apparatus
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
is linear with increasing mass. In such cases, it may be
2. Referenced Documents necessaryonlytoconfirmtheperformanceoftheinstrumentby
2
comparison to a suitable reference.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.3 When the actual mass of the test specimen is recorded,
E 473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis
the use of a calibration factor to correct the calibration of the
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
apparatus may be required, on rare occasions.
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
E 1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
6. Apparatus
3. Terminology 6.1 The essential equipment required to provide the mini-
mum thermogravimetric analytical capability for this test
3.1 Definitions—Specific technical terms used in this test
method includes the following:
method are defined in Terminologies E 473 and E 1142.
6.1.1 Thermobalance, composed of a furnace;a tempera-
4. Summary of Test Method
ture sensor;a balance to measure the specimen mass with a
minimum capacity within the range to be calibrated and a
4.1 The mass signal generated by a thermogravimetric
sensitivity of 6 1 µg; and a means of maintaining the
analyzer is compared to the mass of a reference material
specimen/container under atmospheric control of the gas to be
traceable to a national reference laboratory.Alinear correlation
used at a purge rate between 10 to 1006 5 mL/min.
using two calibration points is used to relate the mass (or
NOTE 1—Excessive purge rates should be avoided as this may intro-
duce noise due to bouyancy effects and temperature gradients.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee E37 onThermal
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Test
6.1.2 Temperature Controller, capable of maintaining am-
Methods and Recommended Practices.
bient temperature to 6 1K.
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 2003. Published November 2003. Originally
6.1.3 Recording Device, capable of recording and display-
approved in 1999. Last previous edition approved in 1999 as E 2040 – 99.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the website,www.astm.org, or contact ing any fraction of the specimen mass signal including the
ASTMCustomerserviceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
signal noise, versus any faction of the temperature signal
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on theASTM
including noise.
website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2040–03
6.1.4 Containers (pans, crucibles, etc.), which are inert to 10.3.1 Conformity may be estimated to one significant
the specimen and which will remain gravimetrically stable. figure using the following table of criteria:
10.3.1.1 If S is between 0.9999 and 1.0001, then con
...

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5.1 Volatility of a material is not an equilibrium thermodynamic property but is a characteristic of a material related to a thermodynamic property that is vapor pressure. It is influenced by such factors as surface area, temperature, particle size, and purge gas flow rate; that is, it is diffusion controlled.  
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SCOPE
1.1 Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 7,000 manmade compounds consisting of polymeric chains of carbon bonded to fluorine atoms, usually with a polar functional group at the head. This guide recognizes that PFAS can be categorized as polymeric or nonpolymeric, collectively amounting to more than 4,700 Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS)-registered substances. Environmental concerns pertaining to PFAS are centered primarily on the perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAA), a subclass of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances, which display extreme persistence and chain-length dependent bioaccumulation and adverse effects in biota.  
1.2 The regulatory framework for PFAS continues to evolve, both domestically and internationally. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proceeding with a wide-ranging set of PFAS regulatory actions (EPA, 2021). While the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) does not currently recognize PFAS as hazardous substances, the statute does require actions to protect public health and the environment from contaminants and pollutants released to the environment. Other federal regulatory programs, such as the Safe Drinking Water Act are being used to address drinking water supplies adversely impacted by releases of PFAS. The Clean Water Act’s National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permitting program is tool that both federal and state regulators are using to regulate the inflows of PFAS-impacted wastewaters at both publicly-owned treatment works (POTW) and federally-owned wastewater treatment plants and the concentration of PFAS in permitted effluent. EPA continues to add additional per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the list of substances reportable under the federal Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) reporting program. International efforts to address per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances include Australia’s PFAS Nation...

  • Guide
    23 pages
    English language
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  • Guide
    23 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off