ASTM E2958-21
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry
Standard Test Methods for Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated Thermogravimetry
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The activation energy may be used to calculate thermal endurance and an estimate of the lifetime of the material at specified temperatures using Test Method E1877.
5.2 The kinetic parameters determined by these test methods may be used in quality assurance, specification acceptance, research, and development.
5.3 The kinetic parameters of activation energy and logarithm of the pre-exponential factor determined by these test methods have little intrinsic value in themselves. Most practical applications of this information, such as lifetime estimation (see Test Method E1877), also require an estimation of the precision of the respective values. Determination of that precision by replicated determination is a non-manditory part of these test methods.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods describe the model-free determination of Arrhenius activation energy by thermogravimetry using the factor jump (1)2 (Test Method A) or modulated thermogravimetry (2) (Test Methods B and C) techniques. With the assumption of a first-order kinetic model, the pre-exponential factor is additionally determined.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass change.
1.3 These test methods are applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 K to 1200 K (nominally 100 °C to 900 °C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation and material used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: E2958 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated
1
Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 These test methods describe the model-free determina-
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
tion ofArrhenius activation energy by thermogravimetry using
2
ology
the factor jump (1) (Test MethodA) or modulated thermogra-
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
vimetry (2) (Test Methods B and C) techniques. With the
E1582 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-
assumption of a first-order kinetic model, the pre-exponential
gravimetric Analyzers
factor is additionally determined.
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics byThermo-
1.2 These test methods are applicable to materials with
gravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, con-
E1877 Practice for Calculating Thermal Endurance of Ma-
tinuous mass change.
terials from Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data
1.3 These test methods are applicable to decomposition E1970 PracticeforStatisticalTreatmentofThermoanalytical
occurring in the range from 400 K to 1200 K (nominally Data
100 °C to 900 °C). The temperature range may be extended E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermo-
depending on the instrumentation and material used. gravimetric Analyzers
E2550 Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravi-
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
metry
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E3007 Practice for Selection and Use of Kinetic Reference
standard.
Values in the Study of Decomposition Reactions by
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Thermogravimetry
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
3.1 Definitions—Technical terms used in these test methods
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 include Arrhe-
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
nius equation, activation energy, Celsius, failure criterion,
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
modulated temperature, pre-exponential factor, reaction order,
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and thermogravimetric analysis.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4. Summary of Test Methods
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 These test methods consist of heating a test specimen
weighing 2 mg to 4 mg at a heating rate of about 1 K/min with
a superimposed step-and-hold (factor jump) or sinusoidal
1 (modulated) temperature program through the decomposition
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on
Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on temperature region. The specimen mass rate-of-change is
Calorimetry and Mass Loss.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2021. Published November 2021. Originally
3
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2019 as E2958 – 19. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/E2958-21. contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
this standard. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2958 − 21
continuously calculated and recorded as a function of tempera- 6.1.4 Auxiliary instrumentation or data analysis capability
ture. The activation energy is then determined from the mass considered useful in conducting these test methods include:
rate-of-change at two (or more) closely spaced temperature 6.1.4.1 For Test Method B, the ability to apply a sinusoidal
regions. The activation energy thus determined is based o
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E2958 − 19 E2958 − 21
Standard Test Methods for
Kinetic Parameters by Factor Jump/Modulated
1
Thermogravimetry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2958; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 These test methods describe the model-free determination of Arrhenius activation energy by thermogravimetry using the factor
2
jump (1) (Test Method A) or modulated thermogravimetry (2) (Test Methods B and C) techniques. With the assumption of a
first-order kinetic model, the pre-exponential factor is additionally determined.
1.2 These test methods are applicable to materials with well-defined decomposition profiles, namely, a smooth, continuous mass
change.
1.3 These test methods are applicable to decomposition occurring in the range from 400 K to 1200 K (nominally 100 °C to 900
°C). The temperature range may be extended depending on the instrumentation and material used.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1582 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
E1641 Test Method for Decomposition Kinetics by Thermogravimetry Using the Ozawa/Flynn/Wall Method
E1877 Practice for Calculating Thermal Endurance of Materials from Thermogravimetric Decomposition Data
E1970 Practice for Statistical Treatment of Thermoanalytical Data
E2040 Test Method for Mass Scale Calibration of Thermogravimetric Analyzers
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.01 on Calorimetry
and Mass Loss.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2019Oct. 1, 2021. Published September 2019November 2021. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 20142019
as E2958 – 14.19. DOI: 10.1520/E2958-19.10.1520/E2958-21.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to a list of references at the end of this standard.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E2958 − 21
E2550 Test Method for Thermal Stability by Thermogravimetry
E3007 Practice for Selection and Use of Kinetic Reference Values in the Study of Decomposition Reactions by Thermogravi-
metry
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Technical terms used in these test methods are defined in Terminologies E473 and E1142 include Arrhenius
equation, activation energy, Celsius, failure criterion, modulated temperature, pre-exponential factor, reaction order, and
thermogravimetric analysis.
4. Summary of Test Methods
4.1 These test methods consist of heating a test specimen weighing a few milligrams 2 mg to 4 mg at a heating rate of about 1
K/min with a superimposed step-and-hold (factor jump) or sinusoidal (modulated) temperature program through the decomposition
temperature region. The specimen mass rate-of-change is continuously calculated and recorded as a function of temperature. The
activation energy is then determined from the mass rate-of-change at two (or more) closely spaced temperature regions. The
activation energy thus determined is based on
...
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