ASTM E831-19

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: E831 − 14 E831 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermomechanical
analysis techniques.
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such that the
sensing probe does not produce indentation of the specimen.
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 μm/(m·°C). The
test method may be used at lower (or negative) expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see Section 11).
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range from −120 °C to 900°C. 900 °C. The temperature range may be
extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration materials used.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This test method is related to ISO 11359-2 but is significantly different in technical detail.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous Silica
Dilatometer
3
D3386 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Materials (Withdrawn 2005)
E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rheology
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Thermomechanical Analyzers
4
2.2 ISO Standards:
ISO 11359-2 Plastics—Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)—Part 2: Determination of Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion
and Glass Transition Temperature
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—Thermal analysis terms in Terminologies E473 and E1142 shall apply to this test method, including coeffıcient
of linear thermal expansion, thermodilatometry, and thermomechanical analysis.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on Fundamental,
Statistical and Mechanical Properties.
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2014April 1, 2019. Published August 2014April 2019. Originally approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 20132014 as
E831 – 13.E831 – 14. DOI: 10.1520/E0831-14.10.1520/E0831-19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
3
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E831 − 19
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 mean coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion, (α )—), n—the change in length, relative to the specimen length at ambient
m
temperature, accompanying a unit change in temperature identified by the midpoint temperature of the temperature range of
measurement.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method uses a thermomechanical analyzer or similar device t
...

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: E831 − 19
Standard Test Method for
Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid Materials by
1
Thermomechanical Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E831; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 This test method determines the technical coefficient of
D696 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expan-
linear thermal expansion of solid materials using thermome-
sion of Plastics Between −30°C and 30°C with a Vitreous
chanical analysis techniques.
Silica Dilatometer
1.2 This test method is applicable to solid materials that
D3386 Test Method for Coefficient of Linear Thermal Ex-
exhibit sufficient rigidity over the test temperature range such
pansion of Electrical Insulating Materials (Withdrawn
3
that the sensing probe does not produce indentation of the 2005)
specimen. E228 Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion of Solid
Materials With a Push-Rod Dilatometer
1.3 The recommended lower limit of coefficient of linear
E473 Terminology Relating to Thermal Analysis and Rhe-
thermal expansion measured with this test method is 5 µm/
ology
(m·°C). The test method may be used at lower (or negative)
E1142 Terminology Relating to Thermophysical Properties
expansion levels with decreased accuracy and precision (see
E1363 Test Method for Temperature Calibration of Thermo-
Section 11).
mechanical Analyzers
E2113 Test Method for Length Change Calibration of Ther-
1.4 This test method is applicable to the temperature range
momechanical Analyzers
from −120 °C to 900 °C. The temperature range may be
extended depending upon the instrumentation and calibration
3. Terminology
materials used.
3.1 Definitions—Thermal analysis terms in Terminologies
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E473 and E1142 shall apply to this test method, including
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion, thermodilatometry, and
standard.
thermomechanical analysis.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2.1 mean coeffıcient of linear thermal expansion, (α ),
m
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
n—the change in length, relative to the specimen length at
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
ambient temperature, accompanying a unit change in tempera-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. ture identified by the midpoint temperature of the temperature
range of measurement.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4. Summary of Test Method
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.1 This test method uses a thermomechanical analyzer or
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical similar device to determine the linear thermal expansion of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. solid materials when subjected to a constant heating rate.
1 2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E37 on Thermal For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Measurements and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E37.10 on contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Fundamental, Statistical and Mechanical Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved April 1, 2019. Published April 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1981. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as E831 – 14. DOI: The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
10.1520/E0831-19. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E831 − 19
4.2 The change of the specimen length is electronically signals, or both. The minimum output signals required for
recorded as a function of temperature. The coefficient of linear thermomechanical analysis are a change in linear dimension,
thermal expansion can be calculated from these recorded data. temperature and time.
6.2 Cooling Capability, to sustain a subambient specimen
5. Significance and Use
temperature (if subambient measurements are to be made) or to
5.1 Coefficients of linear thermal expansion
...