ASTM D1016-05e1

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An American National Standard
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Designation:D1016–05
Standard Test Method for
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Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
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e NOTE—Eq 54 in 25.3 was corrected editorially in June 2006.
the concentration is known for each most probable impurity in the given
1. Scope*
substance.
1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination
of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing
2. Referenced Documents
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points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given.
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
The compounds to which the test method is applicable are:
D1015 Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity
(Warning—Extremelyflammableliquidsandliquefiedgases.)
Hydrocarbons
n-butane 1,3-butadiene
isobutane isoprene(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)
3. Summary of Test Method
n-pentane benzene
isopentane toluene (methylbenzene)
3.1 After measurement of the freezing point of the actual
n-hexane ethylbenzene
sample, purity can be calculated from the value of the
n-heptane o-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene)
determinedfreezingpointandthevaluesgivenforthefreezing
n-octane m-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene)
2,2,4-trimethylpentane p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)
point for zero impurity and for the applicable cryoscopic
methylcyclohexane styrene (ethenylbenzene) 4
constant or constants.
isobutene
3.2 For the equilibrium between an infinitesimal amount of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
thecrystallinephaseofthemajorcomponentandaliquidphase
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
ofthemajorcomponentandoneormoreothercomponents,the
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
thermodynamic relation between the temperature of equilib-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
rium and the composition of the liquid phase is expressed by
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responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
the equation:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
21nN 521n ~1 2N ! 5A~t 2t !@1 1B~t 2t ! 1.] (1)
1 2 f0 f f0 f
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
statements, see Sections 1, 6, 8, and 10-26.
where:
N = mole fraction of the major component,
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NOTE 1—Thistestmethodcoverssystemsinwhichtheimpuritiesform
with the major component a substantially ideal or sufficiently dilute
solution, and also systems which deviate from the ideal laws, provided
that, in the latter case, the lowering of the freezing point as a function of
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
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This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on the ASTM website.
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Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee For a more complete discussion of this test method, see Glasgow, A. R., Jr.,
D02.04 on Hydrocarbon Analysis. Streiff, A. J., and Rossini, F. D., “Determination of the Purity of Hydrocarbons by
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally Measurement of Freezing Points,” Journal of Research, JRNBA, National Institute
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approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1016–99(2004) . of Standards and Technology, Vol 35, No. 6, 1945, p. 355.
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Numerical constants in this test method were taken from the most recently For details, see Taylor, W. J., and Rossini, F. D., “Theoretical Analysis of
published data appearing in “Tables of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Time-Temperature Freezing and Melting Curves as Applied to Hydrocarbons,”
Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,” or ASTM DS 4A, Physical Constants of Journal of Research, JRNBA, Nat. Bureau Standards, Vol 32, No. 5, 1944, p. 197;
Hydrocarbons C to C , or both, prepared by the American Petroleum Institute, also Lewis, G. N., and Randall, M., “Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of
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Research Project 44. ChemicalSubstances,”1923,pp.237,238,McGraw-HillBookCo.,NewYork,NY.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D1016–05
inhaled. High concentrations can cause unconsciousness or
N =(1−N )=sum of the mole fractions of all the other
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death. Contact can cause skin irritation and dermat
...