ASTM D1016-05e2

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
´2
Designation:D1016–05
Standard Test Method for
1
Purity of Hydrocarbons from Freezing Points
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1016; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
´ NOTE—Eq 54 in 25.3 was corrected editorially in June 2006.
2
´ NOTE—Eq 3 and Eq 39 were corrected editorially in September 2007.
that, in the latter case, the lowering of the freezing point as a function of
1. Scope*
the concentration is known for each most probable impurity in the given
1.1 This test method covers the sampling and determination
substance.
of purity of essentially pure compounds for which the freezing
2
points for zero impurity and cryoscopic constants are given.
2. Referenced Documents
The compounds to which the test method is applicable are: 3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
(Warning—Extremelyflammableliquidsandliquefiedgases.)
D1015 Test Method for Freezing Points of High-Purity
n-butane 1,3-butadiene
Hydrocarbons
isobutane isoprene(2-methyl-1,3-butadiene)
n-pentane benzene
3. Summary of Test Method
isopentane toluene (methylbenzene)
n-hexane ethylbenzene
3.1 After measurement of the freezing point of the actual
n-heptane o-xylene (1,2-dimethylbenzene)
sample, purity can be calculated from the value of the
n-octane m-xylene (1,3-dimethylbenzene)
determinedfreezingpointandthevaluesgivenforthefreezing
2,2,4-trimethylpentane p-xylene (1,4-dimethylbenzene)
methylcyclohexane styrene (ethenylbenzene)
point for zero impurity and for the applicable cryoscopic
isobutene
4
constant or constants.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.2 For the equilibrium between an infinitesimal amount of
standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
thecrystallinephaseofthemajorcomponentandaliquidphase
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
ofthemajorcomponentandoneormoreothercomponents,the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
thermodynamic relation between the temperature of equilib-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
rium and the composition of the liquid phase is expressed by
5
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
the equation:
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard
21nN 521n ~1 2N ! 5A~t 2t !@1 1B~t 2t ! 1.] (1)
1 2 f0 f f0 f
statements, see Sections 1, 6, 8, and 10-26.
where:
NOTE 1—Thistestmethodcoverssystemsinwhichtheimpuritiesform
N = mole fraction of the major component,
1
with the major component a substantially ideal or sufficiently dilute
solution, and also systems which deviate from the ideal laws, provided
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee the ASTM website.
4
D02.04.0D on Physical and Chemical Methods. For a more complete discussion of this test method, see Glasgow, A. R., Jr.,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally Streiff, A. J., and Rossini, F. D., “Determination of the Purity of Hydrocarbons by
´1
approved in 1949. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D1016–99(2004) . Measurement of Freezing Points,” Journal of Research, JRNBA, National Institute
DOI: 10.1520/D1016-05E02. of Standards and Technology, Vol 35, No. 6, 1945, p. 355.
2 5
Numerical constants in this test method were taken from the most recently For details, see Taylor, W. J., and Rossini, F. D., “Theoretical Analysis of
published data appearing in “Tables of Physical and Thermodynamic Properties of Time-Temperature Freezing and Melting Curves as Applied to Hydrocarbons,”
Hydrocarbons and Related Compounds,” or ASTM DS 4A, Physical Constants of Journal of Research, JRNBA, Nat. Bureau Standards, Vol 32, No. 5, 1944, p. 197;
Hydrocarbons C to C , or both, prepared by the American Petroleum Institute, also Lewis, G. N., and Randall, M., “Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of
1 10
Research Project 44. ChemicalSubstances,”1923,pp.237,238,McGraw-HillBookCo.,NewYork,NY.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
´2
D1016–05
inhaled. High concentrations can cause unconsciousness or
N =(1−N )=sum of the mole fra
...