ASTM C1904-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Effects of Biogenic Acidification on Concrete Antimicrobial Additives and/or Concrete Products
Standard Test Methods for Determination of the Effects of Biogenic Acidification on Concrete Antimicrobial Additives and/or Concrete Products
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 As described in Guide C1894, the MIC of concrete is considered to be a three-stage process with the reduction in pH (Stage I) (for example, 12.5 > pH > 9-10), the establishment of biofilms which further lowers the pH (Stage II) (for example, 9-10 > pH > 4-6) and eventual deterioration due to biogenic acid exposure (Stage III) (for example,
4.2 The tests are performed in simulated exposure solutions containing well-controlled bacterial strains that are grown in the laboratory. These tests do not require an environmental chamber and are intended to be performed as benchtop tests in biosafety level 1 laboratory conditions. These tests are suitable for simulation of the Stage II and III of MIC because the pH range of the solution can be controlled within the ranges of each stage.
4.3 This standard provides three test methods.
4.3.1 Test Method A is suitable for assessing the efficacy of antimicrobial admixtures in delaying or preventing biogenic acidification in a nutrient-rich simulated wastewater exposure solution.
4.3.2 Test Method B is suitable for assessing the effectiveness of antimicrobial admixtures in a prescribed cementitious system (Option B1) or assessing the performance of different cementitious systems (Option B2) in delaying or preventing microbially-induced corrosion of concrete in the Stage II of MIC.
4.3.3 Test Method C is suitable for assessing the suitability of cementitious systems in delaying or preventing microbially-induced corrosion of concrete in the Stage III of MIC.
4.4 The results obtained by these test methods should serve as information to be used with Guide C1894 in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a biologically-resistant material for a particular application. No attempt has been made to incorporate into these test methods all the various factors that may affect the performance of a material when subjected to actual service.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard presents test methods for the determination of the effects of biogenic acidification on concrete products and/or efficacy of antimicrobial products to resist microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) of concrete. In these tests, the biogenic acidification is achieved by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) that can convert elemental sulfur or thiosulfate to sulfuric acid without the use of H2S gas.
1.2 This standard is referenced in the guideline document for MIC of concrete products. Guide C1894 provides guidance for microbially-induced corrosion of concrete products and an overview of where this test, and its options, can and should be used. This document is not intended to be a guideline document for MIC of concrete products.
1.3 This standard does not cover controlled breeding chamber tests, in which H2S gas is produced by bacterial activity and acidification is the result of the conversion of this H2S gas to sulfuric acid.
1.4 This standard does not cover chemical acid immersion tests, in which acidification is achieved by chemical sulfuric acid addition, not by bacterial activity. Testing protocols for chemical acid immersion are described in Test Methods C267 and C1898.
1.5 This standard does not cover tests that assess field exposure conditions or sewage pipe, concrete tank, or concrete riser network design.
1.6 This standard does not cover live trial tests where concrete coupons or other specimens are monitored in sewers.
1.7 The tests described in this standard should not be performed on concrete samples that have already been exposed to MIC conditions.
1.8 This standard does not cover concrete deterioration due to chemical sulfate attack, which is caused by the reaction of sulfate compounds that exist in wastewater with the hydration products of cement. Test methods for assessing sulfate attack are provided by Test Methods C452 and C1012/C1012M.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this ...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:C1904 −22
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of the Effects of Biogenic Acidification on
1
Concrete Antimicrobial Additives and/or Concrete Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope sulfate compounds that exist in wastewater with the hydration
products of cement. Test methods for assessing sulfate attack
1.1 This standard presents test methods for the determina-
are provided by Test Methods C452 and C1012/C1012M.
tion of the effects of biogenic acidification on concrete prod-
ucts and/or efficacy of antimicrobial products to resist 1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) of concrete. In these standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
tests, the biogenic acidification is achieved by sulfur-oxidizing standard.
bacteria (SOB) that can convert elemental sulfur or thiosulfate
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the
to sulfuric acid without the use of H S gas.
2 safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
1.2 This standard is referenced in the guideline document
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
forMICofconcreteproducts.GuideC1894providesguidance
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
for microbially-induced corrosion of concrete products and an
1.11 This international standard was developed in accor-
overview of where this test, and its options, can and should be
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
used. This document is not intended to be a guideline docu-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
ment for MIC of concrete products.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.3 This standard does not cover controlled breeding cham-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
bertests,inwhichH Sgasisproducedbybacterialactivityand
2
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
acidification is the result of the conversion of this H S gas to
2
sulfuric acid.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.4 This standard does not cover chemical acid immersion
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tests, in which acidification is achieved by chemical sulfuric
C125Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
acid addition, not by bacterial activity. Testing protocols for
gregates
chemical acid immersion are described in Test Methods C267
C150/C150MSpecification for Portland Cement
and C1898.
C192/C192MPracticeforMakingandCuringConcreteTest
Specimens in the Laboratory
1.5 This standard does not cover tests that assess field
C260/C260MSpecification for Air-Entraining Admixtures
exposure conditions or sewage pipe, concrete tank, or concrete
for Concrete
riser network design.
C267Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars,
1.6 This standard does not cover live trial tests where
Grouts,andMonolithicSurfacingsandPolymerConcretes
concrete coupons or other specimens are monitored in sewers.
C452Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-
1.7 The tests described in this standard should not be
Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate
performedonconcretesamplesthathavealreadybeenexposed
C494/C494MSpecification for Chemical Admixtures for
to MIC conditions.
Concrete
C595/C595MSpecification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
1.8 This standard does not cover concrete deterioration due
C618Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
to chemical sulfate attack, which is caused by the reaction of
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822Terminology Relating to Concrete Pipe and Related
Products
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on
Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.03 on
2
DeterminingtheEffectsofBiogenicSulfuricAcidonConcretePipeandStructures. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as C1904–20. DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/C1904-22. the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
-
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1904 − 20 C1904 − 22
Standard Test Methods for
Determination of the Effects of Biogenic Acidification on
1
Concrete Antimicrobial Additives and/or Concrete Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This standard presents test methods for the determination of the effects of biogenic acidification on concrete products and/or
efficacy of antimicrobial products to resist microbially-induced corrosion (MIC) of concrete. In these tests, the biogenic
acidification is achieved by sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (SOB) that can convert elemental sulfur or thiosulfate to sulfuric acid without
the use of H S gas.
2
1.2 This standard is referenced in the guideline document for MIC of concrete products. Guide C1894 provides guidance for
microbially-induced corrosion of concrete products and an overview of where this test, and its options, can and should be used.
This document is not intended to be a guideline document for MIC of concrete products.
1.3 This standard does not cover controlled breeding chamber tests, in which H S gas is produced by bacterial activity and
2
acidification is the result of the conversion of this H S gas to sulfuric acid.
2
1.4 This standard does not cover chemical acid immersion tests, in which acidification is achieved by chemical sulfuric acid
addition, not by bacterial activity. Testing protocols for chemical acid immersion are described in Test Methods C267 and C1898.
1.5 This standard does not cover tests that assess field exposure conditions or sewage pipe, concrete tank, or concrete riser network
design.
1.6 This standard does not cover live trial tests where concrete coupons or other specimens are monitored in sewers.
1.7 The tests described in this standard should not be performed on concrete samples that have already been exposed to MIC
conditions.
1.8 This standard does not cover concrete deterioration due to chemical sulfate attack, which is caused by the reaction of sulfate
compounds that exist in wastewater with the hydration products of cement. Test methods for assessing sulfate attack are provided
by Test Methods C452 and C1012/C1012M.
1.9 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C13 on Concrete Pipe and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C13.03 on Determining the
Effects of Biogenic Sulfuric Acid on Concrete Pipe and Structures.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2020Sept. 1, 2022. Published October 2020October 2022. Originally approved in 1920. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as
C1904 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/C1904_C1904M-2010.1520/C1904-22.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
C1904 − 22
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Aggregates
C150/C150M Specification for Portland Cement
C192/C192M Practice for Making and Curing Concrete Test Specimens in the Laboratory
C260/C260M Specification for Air-Entraining Admixtures for Concrete
C267 Test Methods for Chemical Resistance of Mortars, Grouts, and Monolithic Surfacings and Polymer Concretes
C452 Test Method for Potential Expansion of Portland-Cement Mortars Exposed to Sulfate
C494/C494M Specification for Chemical Admixtures for Concrete
C595/C595M Specification for Blended Hydraulic Cements
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C822 Terminology Re
...
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